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Olpidium Bornovanus
''Olpidium'' is a fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of ''Olpidium'' are zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes. Morphology ''Olpidium'' species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented. Ecology ''Olpidium'' species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops. In higher plants, infection with ''Olpidium'' often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is ''Olpidium viciae'', which causes broadbean blister. However, ''Olpidium'' species can vector plant viruses. For example, ''Olpidium brassicae'' transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and transmits tobacc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: *''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds *''Lagenaria'' – calabash, and others that are inedible *''Citrullus'' – watermelon (''C. lanatus'', ''C. colocynthis'') and others *''Cucumis'' – cucumber (''C. sativus''), various melons and vines *''Momordica'' – bitter melon *''Luffa'' – the common name is also luffa, sometimes spelled loofah (when fully ripened, two species of this fibrous fruit are the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge) *''Cyclanthera'' – Caigua The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds. The family Cucurbitaceae ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food. The name ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olpidium Cucurbitacearum
''Olpidium'' is a fungi, fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of ''Olpidium'' are zoospore, zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes. Morphology ''Olpidium'' species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented. Ecology ''Olpidium'' species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops. In higher plants, infection with ''Olpidium'' often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is ''Olpidium viciae'', which causes broadbean blister. However, ''Olpidium'' species can vector plant viruses. For example, ''Olpidium brassicae'' transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olpidium Bornovanus
''Olpidium'' is a fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of ''Olpidium'' are zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes. Morphology ''Olpidium'' species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented. Ecology ''Olpidium'' species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops. In higher plants, infection with ''Olpidium'' often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is ''Olpidium viciae'', which causes broadbean blister. However, ''Olpidium'' species can vector plant viruses. For example, ''Olpidium brassicae'' transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and transmits tobacc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
''Tobacco mosaic virus'' (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus ''Tobamovirus'' that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hence the name). TMV was the first virus to be discovered. Although it was known from the late 19th century that a non-bacterial infectious disease was damaging tobacco crops, it was not until 1930 that the infectious agent was determined to be a virus. It is the first pathogen identified as a virus. The virus was crystallised by W.M. Stanley. It has a similar size to the largest synthetic molecule, known as PG5 History In 1886, Adolf Mayer first described the tobacco mosaic disease that could be transferred between plants, similar to bacterial infections. In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky gave the first concrete evidence for the existence of a non-bacterial infect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varicosavirus
''Varicosavirus'' is a genus of plant viruses. The virus is associated with swelling in plant vein tissues. They are negative single stranded RNA viruses. The genus contains three species. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: *'' Alopecurus varicosavirus'' *'' Lettuce big-vein associated varicosavirus'' *'' Trifolium varicosavirus'' Structure Virions consist of a non-enveloped rod-shaped capsid, having a helical symmetry of 120–360 nm in length, and a width of 18–30 nm. Genome The genome consists of a bi-segmented linear, single-stranded negative sense RNA. The first segment is about 6350–7000 nucleotides Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules w ... in length; the second, about 5630–6500 nucleotides in length. References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olpidium Brassicae
''Olpidium brassicae'' is a plant pathogen, it is a fungal obligate parasite. In 1983, the Alsike, Alberta area's clover (which is a major part of horses' diet) was struck by a fungus epidemic of ''Olpidium brassicae'', previously not seen in Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ....J. P. Tewari and P. Bains, ''Fungi associated with the roots of clover in Alberta. I. Olpidium brassicae and Ligniera sp.'' Canadian Plant Disease Survey 63:2, 1983 35, found aCPS-SCP of Canada website Accessed January 11, 2010. Vector ''O. brassicae'' is the fungal vector for most, if not all, necroviruses. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Plant pathogens and diseases by vector Chytridiomycota Fungi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Virus
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants. Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome; isometric particles are another common structure. They rarely have an envelope. The great majority have an RNA genome, which is usually small and single stranded (ss), but some viruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA, ssDNA or dsDNA genomes. Although plant viruses are not as well understood as their animal counterparts, one plant virus has become very recognizable: ''tobacco mosaic virus'' (TMV), the first virus to be discovered. This and other viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year. Plant viruses are grouped into 73 genera and 49 families. However, these figures relate only to cultivated plants, which r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadbean
''Vicia faba'', commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that are fed to horses or other animals are called field bean, tic bean or tick bean. Horse bean, ''Vicia faba'' var. ''equina'' Pers., is a variety (botany), variety recognized as an accepted name. This legume is very common in Southern European, Northern European, East Asian, Latin American and North African cuisines. Some people suffer from favism, a hemolytic response to the consumption of broad beans, a condition linked to a metabolism disorder known as G6PDD. Otherwise the beans, with the outer seed coat removed, can be eaten raw or cooked. In young plants, the outer seed coat can be eaten, and in very young plants, the seed pod can be eaten. Description ''Vicia faba'' is a stiffly erect, annual plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olpidium Viciae
''Olpidium'' is a fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of ''Olpidium'' are zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes. Morphology ''Olpidium'' species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented. Ecology ''Olpidium'' species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops. In higher plants, infection with ''Olpidium'' often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is ''Olpidium viciae'', which causes broadbean blister. However, ''Olpidium'' species can vector plant viruses. For example, ''Olpidium brassicae'' transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and transmits tobacco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellum
A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have from one to many flagella. A gram-negative bacterium ''Helicobacter pylori'' for example uses its multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium, where it may cause a gastric ulcer to develop. In some bacteria the flagellum can also function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to wetness outside the cell. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word means " whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion. The flagellum in archaea is called the archaellum to note its difference from the bacterial flagellum. Eukaryotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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