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Olga Guramishvili-Nikoladze
Olga Guramishvili-Nikoladze ( ka, ოლღა გურამიშვილი-ნიკოლაძე, 29 July 1855 – 24 May 1940) was a Georgian biologist and educator. One of the first women to study abroad, she earned a degree in pedagogy and brought advanced teaching methods to Georgia. In 1886, she founded a girls' school, and later a women's gymnasium, in Didi Jikhaishi. At the school, she introduced sericulture to the country and taught her students mechanical knitting and weaving. In her later career, she served as the chair of the school board in Poti from 1894 to 1912. She is remembered for her contributions to education and a street in Tbilisi bears her name. Early life Olga Alexandres asuli Guramishvili (Olga daughter of Alexander Guramishvili) ), denotes "daughter of", whereas ''dze'' ( ka, ძე) means "son of"). , group="Notes" was born on 29 July 1855 Lower Avchala, a northern suburb of Tiflis (known after 1936 as Tbilisi), in the Caucasus Viceroyal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avchala
Avchala ( ka, ავჭალა) is a northern suburb of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, part of the city's Gldani District. It had formerly been a village with a long history behind until being incorporated within Tbilisi’s boundaries in 1962. Avchala lies on the left bank of the Mtkvari, at 440 m above sea level. History It is first recorded in the Georgian Chronicles as a locale where the invading Seljuk Turks made their camp c. 1080. Avchala then frequently appears in medieval accounts. Thomson, Robert W. (1996), ''Rewriting Caucasian History'', p. 341. Oxford University Press, In 1734 it was heavily fortified to secure the northern approaches of Tbilisi against the marauding Dagestani. Under the Russian rule, in 1887, the brooks of Avchala were collected to furnish Tbilisi with water. In 1927, the Zemo Avchala hydro-electric scheme (ZAHES) was completed to provide Tbilisi with electricity and was celebrated as a great achievement of the Soviet government.Suny, Ronal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilia Chavchavadze
Prince Ilia Chavchavadze ( ka, ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 8 November 1837 – 12 September 1907) was a Georgian public figure, journalist, publisher, writer and poet who spearheaded the revival of Georgian nationalism during the second half of the 19th century and ensured the survival of the Georgian language, literature, and culture during the last decades of Tsarist rule. He is Georgia's "most universally revered hero" and is regarded as the "Father of the Nation." He was a leader of contemporary youth intellectual movement named "Tergdaleulebi". They spread modern and European liberal ideals in Georgia. Ilia Chavchavadze founded two modern newspapers: ''Sakartvelos Moambe'' and ''Iveria''. He played an important role in the creation of the first financial structure in Georgia – Land Bank of Tbilisi. During 30 years he was a chairman of this Bank, through which he financed and promoted most of the cultural, educational, economical and charity events which too ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of people),Anthony D. Smith, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity (publisher), Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Workingmen's Association
The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva. In Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members while police reported 5 million. In 1872, it split in two over conflicts between statist and anarchist factions and dissolved in 1876. The Second International was founded in 1889. Origins Following the January Uprising in Poland in 1863, French and British workers started to discuss developing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutaisi
Kutaisi (, ka, ქუთაისი ) is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the third-most populous city in Georgia, traditionally, second in importance, after the capital city of Tbilisi. Situated west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, it is the capital of the western region of Imereti. Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as political center of Colchis in the Middle Ages as capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti. From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralise the Georgian government. History Archaeological evidence indicates that the city functioned as the capital of the Colchis in the sixth to fifth centuries BC. It is believed that, in ''Argonautica'', a Greek epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their journey to Colchis, author Apollonius Rhodius considered Kutaisi their final d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligentsia
The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the intelligentsia consists of scholars, academics, teachers, journalists, and literary writers. Conceptually, the intelligentsia status class arose in the late 18th century, during the Partitions of Poland (1772–1795). Etymologically, the 19th-century Polish intellectual Bronisław Trentowski coined the term ''inteligencja'' (intellectuals) to identify and describe the university-educated and professionally active social stratum of the patriotic bourgeoisie; men and women whose intellectualism would provide moral and political leadership to Poland in opposing the cultural hegemony of the Russian Empire. In pre–Revolutionary (1917) Russia, the term ''intelligentsiya'' (russian: интеллигенция) identified and described the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Geneva
The University of Geneva (French: ''Université de Genève'') is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin as a theological seminary. It remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for enlightenment scholarship. Today, it is the third largest university in Switzerland by number of students. In 1873, it dropped its religious affiliations and became officially secular. In 2009, the University of Geneva celebrated the 450th anniversary of its founding. Almost 40% of the students come from foreign countries. The university holds and actively pursues teaching, research, and community service as its primary objectives. In 2016, it was ranked 53rd worldwide by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, 89th by the QS World University Rankings, and 131st in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking. UNIGE is a member of the League of European Research Universities (includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Zurich
The University of Zürich (UZH, german: Universität Zürich) is a public research university located in the city of Zürich, Switzerland. It is the largest university in Switzerland, with its 28,000 enrolled students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology, law, medicine which go back to 1525, and a new faculty of philosophy. Currently, the university has seven faculties: Philosophy, Human Medicine, Economic Sciences, Law, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Theology and Veterinary Medicine. The university offers the widest range of subjects and courses of any Swiss higher education institution. History The University of Zurich was founded on April 29, 1833, when the existing colleges of theology, the ''Carolinum'' founded by Huldrych Zwingli in 1525, law and medicine were merged with a new faculty of Philosophy. It was the first university in Europe to be founded by the state rather than a monarch or church. In the university's early years, the 183 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgi Tsereteli (writer)
Giorgi Tsereteli ( ka, გიორგი წერეთლი; May 14, 1842 – January 12, 1900) was a Georgian writer, and the father of Irakli Tsereteli, a leading figure in the Georgian Mensheviks. In 1869 he helped form meore dasi Meore Dasi ( ka, მეორე დასი; "Second Group") was the name for a group of Georgian liberal intelligentsia that existed in the latter part of the 19th century, when Georgia was part of the Russian Empire. Founded in 1869 by Gior ..., a group of Georgian intellectuals dedicated to liberal ideas. References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tsereteli, Giorgi (writer) 1842 births 1900 deaths 19th-century writers from Georgia (country) People from Imereti 19th-century dramatists and playwrights from Georgia (country) 19th-century male writers Saint Petersburg State University alumni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelagia Natsvlishvili
Pelagia Natsvlishvili (died 1878), was a Georgian physician. გაზეთი "დროება" # 138, 12 მკათათვე, 1878, პელაგია ნაცვალოვი, ნეკროლოგი. She became the first female physician in Georgia in 1878. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Natsvlishvili, Pelagia 19th-century births 1878 deaths Physicians from Georgia (country) Year of birth unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekaterine Melikishvili
Ekaterine (Keke) Melikishvili, married name Meskhi, (1854–1928) was a Georgian writer, translator and feminist. Brought up in a well-to-do home in Tbilisi, after matriculating from a Swiss high school, she became one of the first Georgian women to attend university in Switzerland, studying medicine in Zurich. While there, she became fluent in German and French, followed the innovative developments of the times as well as the evolving situation in Georgia. She was one of several women writers to join the Georgian ''Ugheli'' association, together with Kato Mikeladze, Olga Guramishvili, Pelagia Natsvlishvili and Bogumila Zeminskaya. Melikishvili was the first dean of Odessa University where she created courses for women. A member of the Georgian women writers' circle, she translated children's literature as well as works of social importance, including ''American Women of the 18th Century''. She was a major contributor to journals, including ''Droeba'', founded by her brother St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
