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Obsessive Decade
The Obsessive decade (Romanian: ''obsedantul deceniu'') was a term originally coined by writer Marin Preda to refer to disdain shown by literary critics following the de-Stalinization of the 1960s towards the socialist realist Romanian literary works of the 1950s era. It has since become a common reference to the latter or to the Romanian experience of the 1950s as a whole, as criticism of the period was encouraged by Nicolae Ceaușescu's "national communism" and afterwards officially endorsed following the fall of the regime in 1989. Novels ''Principele'' ("The Prince", 1969) by Eugen Barbu is an allegory referring to the Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej regime. The novel is set in the Phanariote era, describing a prince trying to build a canal (referring to the Danube–Black Sea Canal) without any consideration for his subjects, many of whom die during its construction.Deletant, p. 182 ''F'' (1969) by Dumitru Radu Popescu tried to divide the guilt for the abuses of the Stalinist era; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marin Preda
Marin Preda (; 5 August 1922, Siliștea Gumești, Teleorman County, Kingdom of Romania – 16 May 1980, Mogoșoaia, Ilfov County, Socialist Republic of Romania) was a Romanian novelist, post-war writer and director of Cartea Românească publishing house. He is considered by some to be the most important novelist in post-World War II Romanian literature. However, he has also garnered an ambivalent perception in post-socialist Romania: Preda's final novel, ''Cel mai iubit dintre pământeni'' ("The Most Beloved of Earthlings''"),'' published just a couple of months before his death, is considered a daring critique of the beginnings of communism in Romania; in contrast, Preda was well-regarded by party leaders and received high distinctions in socialist Romania, and did not position himself as an open opponent of the regime. At the time of his death, Marin Preda was a member of the Great National Assembly. Biography Childhood Preda was born in Teleorman County in a village c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumitru Radu Popescu
Dumitru Radu Popescu (; 19 August 1935 – 2 January 2023) was a Romanian novelist, poet, dramatist, essayist and short story writer. He was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and was, between 1980 and 1990, Chairman of the Romanian Writers' Union. His 1973 novel ''Vînatoarea Regală'' ("The Royal Hunt") was translated into English in 1988. His works have been described as "magical realism" and compared with those of Italo Calvino. Biography Born in Păușa village, Nojorid (Bihor County), he attended the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj, but left before completing his studies. Later, he studied at Babeș-Bolyai University (Faculty of Philology). He then worked as a reporter for the literary magazine ', from 1956 to 1969, and served as editor of ' magazine, from 1969 to 1982. From 1982 he was editor-in-chief of ''Contemporanul''. Since 2006, he has been the General Manager of the Romanian Academy's publishing house. Popescu received the Prize of the Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio România Cultural
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Radio România Cultural is the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Corporation's second national channel. Its schedule concentrates on the production and presentation of dramatic and musical performances (both live and recorded), broadcast coverage of cultural and literary festivals and events, and the provision of special programmes for children and schools. External links Listen to Radio România Cultural live on the Internet Eastern Bloc mass media Radio stations established in 1952 Radio stations in Romania Romanian-language radio stations Cultural Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human Society, societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, and habits of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cel Mai Iubit Dintre Pământeni
''Cel mai iubit dintre pământeni'' ( en, The Earth's Most Beloved Son) is the last novel by the Romanian author Marin Preda. Written in 1980, it is an intricate fresco of Communist Romania and the horrors of the Stalinist era. A film adaptation of the novel, directed by Șerban Marinescu and starring Ștefan Iordache in the role of Petrini, was released in 1993. Plot summary A long epic, written in first-person, ''Cel mai iubit...'' is the life-story confession of a prisoner waiting for his trial. Victor Petrini, a promising intellectual in the 1950s and a lecturer in Philosophy, seduces his best friend's wife, Matilda, who eventually becomes his wife. Nonetheless, and despite the birth of their daughter, the sexual attraction between them is exhausted shortly after their wedding. Victor is arrested by the repressive secret police (the Securitate), wrongly accused of being connected to a terrorist organisation, and sentenced to prison and forced labor – the verdict constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Germany
West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 October 1990. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc. West Germany was formed as a political entity during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The FRG's provisional capital was the city of Bonn, and the Cold War era country is retrospectively designated as the Bonn Republic. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided between the Western and Eastern blocs. Germany was divided into the two countries. Initially, West Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, representing itself as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In Romania
Censorship in Communist Romania occurred during the Socialist Republic in two stages: under the first Communist president Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1947-1965) and the second and last Communist president Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965-1989). Before the World War ΙΙ period The Romanian Communist Party (PCR) was not even popular back then, and thus, the Romanian society was not highly censored under the democracy before World War II. Up until the start of the war, Romania had a tendency to become closer to Western European countries; it tried to establish a free market economy, people had access to an abundance of books from all over the world, one could freely travel, there was a thorough education system, and a literature of her own. Romania had its own social infrastructure and people had freedom to some degree. When it comes to the Romanian Communist Party, it had no way to gain popular support in the context of the Soviet Union being seen as a hostile neighbor until the end of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest Student Movement Of 1956
The events in Poland which led to the elimination of that country's Stalinist leadership and the rise to power of Władysław Gomułka on 19 October 1956 provoked unrest among university students in Eastern bloc countries. The state of unrest in Communist Poland began to spread into Hungary. As early as 16 October 1956, students from Szeged left the Communist-created students' union (DISZ), re-establishing the MEFESZ (Union of Hungarian University and Academy Students), a democratic organisation that the regime of Mátyás Rákosi had suppressed. Within a few days, students from Pécs, Miskolc and Sopron had done likewise. On 22 October 1956, students from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics compiled a list of sixteen points containing key national policy demands. When they found out about the intention of the Hungarian Writers' Union to express its solidarity with Poland by placing a crown near the statue of Polish general Józef Bem, a hero of the Hungarian revol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Ivasiuc
Alexandru "Sașa" Ivasiuc (; July 12, 1933 – March 4, 1977) was a Romanian novelist. Life He was born in Sighet, the son of a science teacher. After the Second Vienna Award of 30 August 1940, the family fled to Bucharest, only returning to Sighet in 1951. After graduation from high school he entered the Faculty of Philosophy in Bucharest, but he was expelled after two years of study for ideological reasons. After the expulsion, Ivasiuc entered the Faculty of Medicine of the Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Bucharest. During his fourth year he participated in the student protest movements of 1956. He was among the organizers of a solidarity rally in University Square, scheduled for 15 November 1956. He was arrested on 4 November 1956, and by decision No. 481 of 1 April 1957 the Bucharest Military Tribunal sentenced him to five years' imprisonment. On his return from the labour camp he was placed under house arrest for a period of two years in Brăila Count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Goma
Paul Goma (; October 2, 1935 – March 24, 2020) was a Romanian writer, known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989. Forced into exile by the communist authorities, he became a political refugee and resided in France as a stateless person. After 2000, Goma has expressed opinions on World War II, the Holocaust in Romania and the Jews, claims which have led to widespread allegations of antisemitism. Biography Early life Goma was born to a Romanian family in Mana village, Orhei County, then in the Kingdom of Romania, now part of Moldova. In March 1944, the Goma family took refuge in Sibiu, Transylvania. In August 1944, finding themselves in danger of involuntary "repatriation" to the Soviet Union, they fled to the village of Buia, by the Târnava Mare River. From October to December 1944, the family hid in the forests around Buia. On January 13, 1945, they were captured by Romanian shepherds and turned over to the Gendarm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivization In Romania
__NOTOC__ The collectivization of agriculture in Romania took place in the early years of the Communist regime. The initiative sought to bring about a thorough transformation in the property regime and organization of labor in agriculture. According to some authors, such as US anthropologist David Kideckel, agricultural collectivization was a "response to the objective circumstances" in postwar Romania, rather than an ideologically motivated enterprise. Unlike the Stalinist model applied in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, the collectivization was not achieved by mass liquidation of wealthy peasants, starvation, or agricultural sabotage, but was accomplished gradually. This often included significant violence and destruction as employed by cadres, or Party representatives. The program was launched at the plenary of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party of 3–5 March 1949, where a resolution regarding socialist transformation of agriculture was adopted along the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube–Black Sea Canal
The Danube–Black Sea Canal ( ro, Canalul Dunăre–Marea Neagră) is a navigable canal in Romania, which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube river, via two branches, to Constanța and Năvodari on the Black Sea. Administered from Agigea, it is an important part of the waterway link between the North Sea and the Black Sea via the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal. The main branch of the canal, with a length of , which connects the Port of Cernavodă with the Port of Constanța, was built in 1976–1984, while the northern branch, known as the Poarta Albă–Midia Năvodari Canal, with a length of , connecting Poarta Albă and the Port of Midia, was built between 1983 and 1987. Although the idea of building a navigable canal between the Danube and the Black Sea is old, the first concrete attempt was made between 1949 and 1953, when the communist authorities of the time used this opportunity to eliminate political opponents, so the canal became notorious as the site of labor cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De-Stalinization In Romania
The De-Stalinization in Romania was a process of removing Stalinist policies and Stalin's cult of personality between 1959 and 1965. Implemented by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, it included the marginalization of Stalinists such as Ana Pauker and a large-scale amnesty of thousands of political prisoners. A number of political and cultural figures from the 19th century fight for independence were rehabilitated and writers formerly considered "bourgeois decadent" (like Tudor Arghezi) were allowed to publish again.Deletant, p. 172 It marked the beginning of a period of liberalization in Communist Romania, which ended in 1971 with the July Theses returning the country to the Totalitarian side which was renamed Ceauşism. Changes in placenames Many placenames, companies and institutions had been named after Stalin and the "classics of Marxism", as well as Romanian Communist heroes. Most of these were reverted in the 1960s. This began in 1962, with the reverting everything that was named aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
