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O-methylated Anthocyanidin
The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. Enzymes O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates. Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in ''Catharanthus roseus'') or 3' (example in rice) positions. Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange ('' Citrus mitis'') exhibits all of those activities. Plant enzymes * Apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase * 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase * Isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase * Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase * Luteolin O-methyltransferase * Methylquercet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonoid
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word ''flavus'', meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C, the ring containing the embedded oxygen). This carbon structure can be abbreviated C6-C3-C6. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, they can be classified into: *flavonoids or bioflavonoids *isoflavonoids, derived from 3-phenyl chromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure *neoflavonoids, derived from 4-phenylcoumarine (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone-containing compounds and as such, anthoxanthins ( flavones and flavonols). This class was the first to be termed bioflavonoids. The terms flavonoid and bioflavonoid have also been more loosely used to describe non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylquercetagetin 6-O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a methylquercetagetin 6-O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone \rightleftharpoons S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 6-O-methyltransf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulchellidin
Pulchellidin (Pl) is an ''O''-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a blue-red plant pigment. It can be found in ''Plumbago pulchella''. Glycosides * Pulchellidin 3-rhamnoside (molecular formula : C22H23O11, exact mass : 463.124036578) is reported in ''Plumbago coerulea'' whereas pulchellidin 3-glucoside (C22H23O12, exact mass : 479.1189512) is reported in ''Plumbago pulchella ''Plumbago pulchella'' is a species of flowering plant on the Plumbaginaceae family. It is referred to by the common name cola de iguana.Pulchellidin 3-glucoside on metabolomics.jp /ref> References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petunidin
Petunidin (Pt), like Europinidin and Malvidin, is derived from Delphinidin and is an O-methylated anthocyanidin of the 3-hydroxy type. It is a natural organic compound, a dark-red or purple water-soluble pigment found in many redberries including chokeberries (''Aronia sp''), Saskatoon berries (''Amelanchier alnifolia'') or different species of grape (for instance ''Vitis vinifera'', or muscadine, ''Vitis rotundifolia''), and also part of the pigments responsible for the petal colors in many flowers. This pigment gives the Indigo Rose tomatoes the majority of their deep purple color when the fruits are exposed to sunlight. The name of the molecule itself is derived from the word Petunia. Biosynthesis Petunidin could form in the exocarp of fruits from delphinidin, with an anthocyanin flavonoid O-methyltransferase (Catechol-O-methyl transferase) catalyzing the B-ring methylation and S-Adenosyl-L-methyl-3H methionine being the methyl group donor. Glycosides Glycoside forms of pet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peonidin
Peonidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from Cyanidin, and a primary plant pigment. Peonidin gives purplish-red hues to flowers such as the peony, from which it takes its name, and roses. It is also present in some blue flowers, such as the morning glory. Like most anthocyanidins, it is pH sensitive, and changes from red to blue as pH rises because anthocyanidins are highly conjugated chromophores. When the pH is changed, the extent of the conjugation (of the double bonds) is altered, which alters the wavelength of light energy absorbed by the molecule. (Natural anthocyanidins are most stable in a very low pH environment; at pH 8.0, most become colorless.) At pH 2.0, peonidin is cherry red; at 3.0 a strong yellowish pink; at 5.0 it is grape red-purple; and at 8.0 it becomes deep blue; unlike many anthocyanidins, however, it is stable at higher pH, and has been isolated as a blue colorant from the brilliant "Heavenly Blue" morning glory (''Ipomoea tricolor Cav cv''). B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malvidin
Malvidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin, the 3',5'-methoxy derivative of delphinidin. As a primary plant pigment, its glycosides are highly abundant in nature. Natural occurrences Malvidin is responsible for the blue color found in petals of the ''Primula'' plants of the ''polyanthus'' group. Blue flowers of the blue pimpernel ('' Anagallis monelli'') have also a higher concentration of malvidin. It is responsible primarily for the color of red wine, ''Vitis vinifera'' being one of its sources. It is also present in other berries, such as blueberries (''Vaccinium corymbosum'') or the saskatoon berries (''Amelanchier alnifolia''). Chemistry Slightly acidic and neutral solutions of malvidin are characteristically of a red color, while basic solutions of malvidin yield a blue color. The breakdown of malvidin releases syringic acid. Use as a marker in archaeology The breakdown of malvidin releases syringic acid as revealed in the examination of jars containing shedeh, a dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hirsutidin
Hirsutidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin, a chemical compound belonging to the anthocyanins. It can be found in ''Catharanthus roseus'' (Madagascar periwinkle) where it is the prominent compound in petals and can also be found in callus A callus is an area of thickened and sometimes hardened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on the feet and hands, but they may o ... cultures. Glycosides 3-O-(6-O- p-coumaroyl) glucoside of hirsutidin can also be found in ''Catharanthus roseus''. References {{anthocyanins O-methylated anthocyanidins">--> {{anthocyanins O-methylated anthocyanidins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europinidin
Europinidin (Eu) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a water-soluble, bluish red plant dye. It is a rare O-methylated flavonoid, a derivative of delphinidin. It can be found in some species of ''Plumbago ''Plumbago'' is a genus of 10–20 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Common names include plumbago and leadwort (names which are also shared by the genus ''Cerato ...'' and '' Ceratostigma''. References O-methylated anthocyanidins Catechols {{polyphenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capensinidin
Capensinidin (Cp) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a water-soluble, blue-red plant dye. It is a 5-methoxy analog of malvidin, has been obtained from ''Plumbago capensis ''Plumbago auriculata'', the cape leadwort, blue plumbago or Cape plumbago, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to South Africa."Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them" ...''. References O-methylated anthocyanidins">--> O-methylated anthocyanidins {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catechol-O-methyl Transferase
Catechol-''O''-methyltransferase (COMT; ) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. In humans, catechol-''O''-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene. Two isoforms of COMT are produced: the soluble short form (S-COMT) and the membrane bound long form (MB-COMT). As the regulation of catecholamines is impaired in a number of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical drugs target COMT to alter its activity and therefore the availability of catecholamines. COMT was first discovered by the biochemist Julius Axelrod in 1957. Function Catechol-''O''-methyltransferase is involved in the inactivation of the catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). The enzyme introduces a methyl group to the catecholamine, which is donated by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Any compound having a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside \rightleftharpoons S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and vitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 7-O-methylvitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:vitexin-2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase. References * EC 2.1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
