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Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)
The Northern Caucasus Operation was fought between the White and Red Armies during the Russian Civil War between December 1918 and March 1919. The White Army captured the entire Northern Caucasus. The Red Army withdrew to Astrahan and the Volga delta. Prelude In summer and autumn 1918, the Red Army had been defeated in the Second Kuban Campaign and Ekaterinodar, Novorossiysk, Maykop, Armavir and Stavropol were lost. Red Army commander Ivan Sorokin rebelled against the Revolutionary Military Council of the North Caucasus, shot several of its members and fled, but was arrested and shot without trial by a regiment commander of the Taman army. After the loss of Stavropol on November 15, 1918, the forces of the Taman Army and the former Sorokin's army were consolidated into the 11th Red Army, which held the Zavetnoye-Petrovskoye-Remontnoye- Priyutnoye-Dry Buivola-Oak-Kursavka-Vorovskolesskaya-Kislovodsk-Nalchik front line, which roughly ran north–south. It was joined by the we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Caucasus
The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, Даькъасте, Däq̇aste, krc, Шимал Кавказ, Şimal Kavkaz, russian: Северный Кавказ, r=Severnyy Kavkaz, p=ˈsʲevʲɪrnɨj kɐfˈkas) or Ciscaucasia (russian: Предкавказье, Predkavkazye), is a subregion of Eastern Europe in the Eurasian continent. It is the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, and is entirely a part of Russia, sandwiched between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea to the west, and the Caspian Sea to the east. The region shares land borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan to the south. Krasnodar is the largest city within the North Caucasus. Politically, the North Caucasus is made up of Russian republics and krais. It lies north of the Main Caucasian Range, which separates it from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maykop
Maykop (russian: Майкоп, p=mɐjˈkop Help:IPA/Russian, mɐj'kop); ady, Мыекъуапэ, Mıéquapə ) is the capital city of the Republic of Adygea in Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River (Kuban), Belaya River (a tributary of the Kuban River). It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally separate, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west. Population: History The city gave its name to the early Bronze Age Maykop culture after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897. Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825, the Imperial Russian Army built a military fort at Maykop in 1857. In 1910 petroleum, oil deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop. The city was the administrative center of the Maykopsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast. In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with Adyghe Autonomous Oblast and became t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grozny
Grozny ( rus, Грозный, p=ˈgroznɨj; ce, Соьлжа-ГӀала, translit=Sölƶa-Ġala), also spelled Groznyy, is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 271,573 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as (until 1870). Names In Russian, "Grozny" means "fearsome", "menacing", or "redoubtable", the same word as in Ivan Grozny ( Ivan the Terrible). While the official name in Chechen is the same, informally the city is known as "" (""), which literally means "the city () on the Sunzha River ()". In 1996, during the First Chechen War, the Chechen separatists renamed the city Dzhokhar-Ghala ( ce, Джовхар-ГӀала, Dƶovxar-Ġala), literally Dzhokhar City, or Dzhokhar/Djohar for short, after Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th Army (RSFSR)
The 12th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed twice. First formation The 12th Army was formed on October 3, 1918 in the region of Astrakhan and the Eastern part of the Northern Caucasus. It was part of the Southern Front since November 3, 1918 and then of the Caspian-Caucasian Front, with which it fought the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), between December 8, 1918 and March 13, 1919 when it was disbanded. It was composed of the 45th and 58th divisions. Second formation On June 16, 1919, a new 12th Army was formed from the troops of the 1st and 3rd Ukrainian Soviet Army. It fought in Ukraine against Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army, and then against the troops of Symon Petliura, which it pushed back behind the Zbrucz River. Here it first encountered troops of the Polish Army. It 1919, it was composed of the 44th, 47th, 58th and 60th divisions, as well as of the 9th Cavalry division. The advances of the Ukrainians and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nalchik
Nalchik (russian: Нальчик, p=ˈnalʲtɕɪk; Kabardian: //; krc, Нальчик //) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). It covers an area of . Population: History The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Slabada. It was inhabited by native Kabardians, Balkars, Chechens, Adeki, and Cherkese, until around 1743; groups occasionally clashed over and dispute their claims to the land. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there together with settling Mountain Jews in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. With the founding of the city of Nalchik, the disputes among the native groups calmed and life improved for the people in the region. In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (russian: Кислово́дск, lit. ''sour waters''; ; krc, Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. Population: History In 1803 Tsar Alexander I of Russia ordered the construction of the military station which became Kislovodsk. The site took its name from the many mineral springs around the city. The settlement gained town status in 1903. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kislovodsk as a fashionable spa attracted many musicians, artists, and members of the Russian aristocracy. Several of the events in Mikhail Lermontov's 1840 novel ''A Hero of Our Time'' take place in Kislovodsk. Archaeology Numerous ancient settlements of the Koban culture (ca. 1100 to 400 BC) are found in the Kislovodsk city and its surroundings. They include the sites of Industria I, Sultan-gora I, Berezovka I, Berezovka II, Berezovka III, Berezovka IV, etc. Administrative and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kursavka
Kursavka (russian: Курсавка) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Andropovsky District in Stavropol Krai, Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the .... Population: References {{Authority control Rural localities in Stavropol Krai Stavropol Governorate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priyutnoye, Republic Of Kalmykia
Priyutnoye (russian: Прию́тное ''Prijutnoe''; xal-RU, Әмтә Нур, ''Ämtä Nur'') is a settlement and the administrative center of Priyutnensky District and Iki-Burulsky rural locality of the Republic of Kalmykia in the Russian Federation. It is located on the R216 highway, southwest of the Kalmyk capital of Elista near the Nain Shara River, a tributary of the Manych River The Manych (russian: Маныч) is a river in the Black Sea–Caspian Steppe of Southern Russia. It flows through the western and central part of the Kuma–Manych Depression. In ancient times, it was known as the Lik. A tributary of the Don, it .... In 2010, its population was 6,010 souls. An 1848 imperial decree to create settled villages in ethnically Kalmyk areas led to the 1850 founding of a settlement of Russians near the lake of Amtya-Nur (, from the Kalmyk ''Ämtä Nur'', lit. "sweet lake"). Noted scientist Karl Ernst von Baer visited the area in 1856 and tried unsuccessfully to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zavetnoye, Rostov Oblast
Zavetnoye (russian: Весёлый) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Zavetinsky District of Rostov Oblast, Russia, located from Rostov-on-Don. Population: . It is also the administrative center of Zavetinsky District. Geography The settlement is situated at the eastern part of Rostov Oblast. The average altitude above sea level is 69 m. History The establishment of the village of Zavetnoye is connected with the policy of the tsarist Russian government on the settlement of Kalmyk lands. The governmental instruction of 1846 envisaged the establishment of 28 mixed Kalmyk-Russian villages along roads passing through the Kalmyk Steppe. The first land management of Zavetnoye village was carried out in 1847. All Russian villages were first settled mostly by peasants from Voronezh and Kharkov governorates, and the influx of settlers increased after the Peasant reform of 1861. Until 1920, the village had been a part of Astrakhan Governorate. In 1920 its territory was included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Army (RSFSR)
The 11th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which fought on the Caspian-Caucasian Front. It took a prominent part in the sovietization of the three republics of the southern Caucasus in 1920–21, when Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia were brought within the orbit of Soviet Russia. Russian Civil War Since the Russian Republic's Caucasus Front (April 1917 - March 1918) dissolved, it did not have a true successor organization. The Army of the North Caucasus, which was renamed 11th Army on October 3, 1918, constituted the main army of the Russian Republic in the area during the Russian Civil War. During the Russian Civil War the 11th Army fought against the White troops of General Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army in the western part of the North Caucasus. It was the main strength of the Caspian-Caucasian Army Group. In January 1919, the front of 200 miles held by the Red troops along the Caucasus foothills and South Russian steppes was cut into two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taman Army
The Taman Army was an armed group within the Red Army, operating in the south of Russia during the Russian Civil War. It existed from August 27, 1918 to February 1919. The name derives from the Taman Peninsula, where the army was formed. Formation The Taman Army was formed on August 27, 1918 in Gelendzhik on the Taman Peninsula. It counted some 30,000 men, mostly workers from Novorossiisk and sailors of ships of the Black Sea Fleet, who had chosen the Bolsheviks side and sunk their own ships in June 1918. The Army was formed when the Bolsheviks in the Taman Peninsula found themselves isolated, because the German interventionist forces had taken the Crimea and Rostov-on-Don, and the White Army under Denikin had chased the Red army from their positions in Ekaterinodar on August 16 of that year. The units included I. I. Matveev's Ukrainian infantry regiment, E. O. Kovtiuh's group, and Sfonov's North Kuban Cavalry regiment. Ivan Matveyev was elected as general commander of the Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Military Council
The Revolutionary Military Council (russian: Революционный Военный Совет, Revolyutsionny Voyenny Sovyet, Revolutionary Military Council), sometimes called the Revolutionary War CouncilBrian PearceIntroductionto Fyodor Raskolnikov s "Tales of Sub-lieutenant Ilyin." or ''Revvoyensoviet'' (), was the supreme military authority of Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union. It was instituted on September 2, 1918 by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), known as the "Decree Declaring the Soviet Republic Military Camp". Prior to ''Revvoyensoviet'', the two main military authorities had been the Supreme Military Council (, ') and the operations division of the People's Commissariat on War and Navy Affairs. The decree put all fronts and military organizations under the command of the chairman of ''Revvoyensoviet'', with a commander-in-chief second-in-line to the chairman to lead strategic and military operations stateside. The chairma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
