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Nodosaurinae
Nodosaurinae is a subfamily of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Cretaceous of Europe, North America, and South America. The group is defined as the largest clade containing '' Nodosaurus textilis'' but not ''Hylaeosaurus armatus'', '' Mymoorapelta maysi'', or ''Polacanthus foxii'', and was formally named in 2021 by Madzia and colleagues, who utilized the name of Othenio Abel in 1919, who created the term to unite ''Ankylosaurus'', ''Hierosaurus'' and ''Stegopelta''. The name has been significantly refined in content since Abel first used it to unite all quadrupedal, plate-armoured ornithischians, now including a significant number of taxa from the Early Cretaceous through Maastrichtian of Europe, North America, and Argentina. Previous informal definitions of the group described the clade as all taxa closer to ''Panoplosaurus'', or ''Panoplosaurus'' and ''Nodosaurus'', than to the early ankylosaurs ''Sarcolestes'', ''Hylaeosaurus'', ''Mymoorapelta'' or ''Polacanthus'', which was refle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nodosauridae
Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Description Nodosaurids, like their close relatives the ankylosaurids, were heavily armored dinosaurs adorned with rows of bony armor nodules and spines (osteoderms), which were covered in keratin sheaths. All nodosaurids, like other ankylosaurians, were medium-sized to large, heavily built, quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs, possessing small, leaf-shaped teeth. Unlike ankylosaurids, nodosaurids lacked mace-like tail clubs, instead having flexible tail tips. Many nodosaurids had spikes projecting outward from their shoulders. One particularly well-preserved nodosaurid "mummy", known as the Suncor nodosaur (''Borealopelta markmitchelli''), preserved a nearly complete set of armor in life position, as well as the keratin covering and mineralized remains of the underlying skin, which indicate reddish dorsal pigmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nodosaurus Textilis
''Nodosaurus'' (meaning "knobbed lizard") is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the fossils of which are found exclusively in the Frontier Formation in Wyoming. Description ''Nodosaurus'' grew up to roughly long and it was an ornithischian dinosaur with bony dermal plates covering the top of its body, and it may have had spikes along its side as well. The dermal plates were arranged in bands along its body, with narrow bands over the ribs alternating with wider plates in between. These wider plates were covered in regularly arranged bony nodules, which give the animal its scientific name. In 2010 Paul estimated its length at 6 meters (20 ft) and its weight at 3.5 tonnes (3.85 short tons). It had four short legs, five-toed feet, a short neck, and a long, stiff, clubless tail. The head was narrow, with a pointed snout, powerful jaws, and small teeth. It perhaps ate soft plants, as it would have been unable to chew tough, fib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mymoorapelta Maysi
''Mymoorapelta'' (Meaning "Vannetta Moore and Pete and Marilyn Mygatt's shield" after a combination of the names of the discoverers of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry that fossils were originally collected from, and pɛltə "shield") is a monospecific genus of nodosaurid ankylosaur, a group of heavily armored, herbivorous, quadrupedal dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, around 155 to 150 million years ago) Morrison Formation (Brushy Basin Member) of western Colorado and central Utah, USA. Few specimens are known, but the most complete one is the holotype individual from the Mygatt-Moore Quarry that includes many osteoderms, a partial skull, vertebrae, and other bones. It was initially described by James Kirkland and Kenneth Carpenter in 1994. Along with ''Gargoyleosaurus'', it is one of the earliest known nodosaurids. ''Mymoorapleta'' is one of the smaller known nodosaurids, with the estimated length of the largest specimen only reaching . It had a narrow snout a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acantholipan
''Acantholipan'' is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid dinosaur from Mexico from the early Santonian age of the Late Cretaceous. It includes one species, ''Acantholipan gonzalezi.'' Discovery and naming In the north of Mexico, fragmentary fossils have been found of nodosaurids. A partial skeleton excavated at Los Primos near San Miguel in Coahuila, was described in 2011. When Rivera-Sylva and colleagues reported the discovery of this specimen, CPC 272, they initially considered it too fragmentary to name. Later it was judged that the remains were sufficiently distinct to be given a binomial name. In 2018, the type species ''Acantholipan gonzalezi'' was named by Héctor Eduardo Rivera-Sylva, Eberhard Frey, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Gerardo Carbot-Chanona, Iván Erick Sanchez-Uribe and José Rubén Guzmán-Gutiárrez. The generic name combines a Greek ''akanthos'', "spine", with ''lipan'', the usual Spanish designation of the '' Lépai-Ndé'', the "Gray People", a tribe of the Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthiosaurini
Struthiosaurini (derived from ''Struthiosaurus'', "ostrich reptile") is a clade of nodosauridae, nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Cretaceous of Europe and North America. The group is defined as the largest clade containing ''Struthiosaurus austriacus'', but not ''Nodosaurus textilis'' or ''Panoplosaurus mirus'', and was named in 2021 in paleontology, 2021 by Madzia and colleagues for the relatively stable group found in many previous analyses. Struthiosaurini includes not only the Late Cretaceous European ''Struthiosaurus'', but also the Early Cretaceous European ''Europelta'', the Late Cretaceous European ''Hungarosaurus'', and ''Stegopelta'' and ''Pawpawsaurus'' from the mid Cretaceous of North America. The approximately equivalent clade Struthiosaurinae, named in 1923 in paleontology, 1923 by Franz Nopcsa was previously used to include European nodosaurids, but was never formally named following the PhyloCode, so Madzia ''et al.'' named Struthiosaurini instead, as the group of taxa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panoplosaurini
Panoplosaurini (derived from ''Panoplosaurus'', "all shield reptile") is a clade of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America and South America. The group is defined as the largest clade containing ''Panoplosaurus mirus'', but not '' Nodosaurus textilis'' or '' Struthiosaurus austriacus'', and was named in 2021 by Madzia and colleagues for the group found in many previous analyses, both morphological and phylogenetic. Panoplosaurini includes not only the Late Cretaceous ''Panoplosaurus'', ''Denversaurus'' and ''Edmontonia'', but also the mid Cretaceous ''Animantarx'' and ''Texasetes'', as well as ''Patagopelta''. However, in the study describing it, its authors only placed it as a nodosaurine outside Panoplosaurini. The approximately equivalent clade Panoplosaurinae, named in 1929 by Franz Nopcsa, but was not significantly used until Robert Bakker reused the name in 1988, alongside the new clades Edmontoniinae and Edmontoniidae, which were considered to unite ''Pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nodosaurus
''Nodosaurus'' (meaning "knobbed lizard") is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the fossils of which are found exclusively in the Frontier Formation in Wyoming. Description ''Nodosaurus'' grew up to roughly long and it was an ornithischian dinosaur with bony dermal plates covering the top of its body, and it may have had spikes along its side as well. The dermal plates were arranged in bands along its body, with narrow bands over the ribs alternating with wider plates in between. These wider plates were covered in regularly arranged bony nodules, which give the animal its scientific name. In 2010 Paul estimated its length at 6 meters (20 ft) and its weight at 3.5 tonnes (3.85 short tons). It had four short legs, five-toed feet, a short neck, and a long, stiff, clubless tail. The head was narrow, with a pointed snout, powerful jaws, and small teeth. It perhaps ate soft plants, as it would have been unable to chew tough, fib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagopelta
''Patagopelta'' (meaning "Patagonian shield") is an extinct genus of nodosaurine dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, ''P. cristata'', known from a partial skeleton. ''Patagopelta'' is a very small ankylosaur, comparable in size to the dwarf nodosaurid '' Struthiosaurus'', about long. Discovery and naming The ''Patagopelta'' fossil material was found in sediments of the Allen Formation (Salitral Moreno locality) near General Roca, Río Negro Province, Argentina. This locality is dated to the upper Campanian to lower Maastrichtian ages of the Late Cretaceous period. The first remains were described in 1996 and often appeared in the literature as the "Argentinian ankylosaur". The fossil material consists of various osteoderms, a tooth, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, and femora. The ''Patagopelta'' holotype specimen, MPCA-SM-78, is represented by a cervical half-ring element. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankylosaur
Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the order Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to turtles. Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and persisted until the end of the Cretaceous Period. The two main families of Ankylosaurs, Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere, but the more basal Parankylosauria are known from southern Gondwana during the Cretaceous. Ankylosauria was first named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1923.Osborn, H. F. (1923). "Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia." ''American Museum Novitates'', 95: 1–1/ref> In the Linnaean classification system, the group is usually considered either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group Thyreophora, which also includes the stegosaurs, armored dinosaurs known for their combination of plate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peloroplites
''Peloroplites'' (meaning “monstrous heavy one”) is a monospecific genus of nodosauridae, nodosaurid dinosaur from Utah that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to lower Turonian stage, 98.2 to 93 Ma) in what is now the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. The type and only species, ''Peloroplites cedrimontanus'', is known from a partial skull and postcrania, postcranial skeleton. It was named in 2008 by Kenneth Carpenter and colleagues. ''Peloroplites'' was 6 metres (20 feet) long and weighed 2 tonnes (4,410 lbs), making it one of the largest known nodosaurids, and came from a time when ankylosauridae, ankylosaurids and nodosaurids were attaining large sizes.Paul, G.S., 2016, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 2nd Edition'', Princeton University Press Discovery and Naming In 2001, a skeleton of a large nodosauridae, nodosaurid from the Cedar Mountain Formation in Emery County, Utah, Emery County, Utah was mentioned by Burge and Bird in a publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahshislepelta
''Ahshislepelta'' (meaning "Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash shield") is a monotypic taxon, monospecific genus of ankylosauria, ankylosaur dinosaur from New Mexico that lived during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian stage, 74.5 Ma) in what is now the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation. The type and only species, ''Ahshislepelta minor'', is known only from an incomplete postcrania, postcranial skeleton of a small subadult or adult individual. It was named in 2011 in archosaur paleontology, 2011 by Michael Burns and Robert M. Sullivan. Based on the size of the humerus, ''Ahshislepelta'' is larger than ''Pinacosaurus, Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus'' but smaller than ''Talarurus'' and ''Pinacosaurus, Pinacosaurus grangeri''. Discovery and naming In 2005, a partial postcranial skeleton of an ankylosauria, ankylosaur was discovered from the Hunter Wash Member in the lower part of the Kirtland Formation, New Mexico at the Ah-shi-sle-pah Wilderness Study Area. The specimen was later colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hierosaurus
''Hierosaurus'' (meaning "sacred lizard") is an extinct genus of nodosaurid ankylosaur which lived during the Late Cretaceous 87 to 82 million years ago. Its fossils were found in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation, in western Kansas, which would have been near the middle of the Western Interior Sea during the Late Cretaceous. It was a nodosaurid, an ankylosaur without a clubbed tail. The only species of this genus, ''Hierosaurus sternbergii'', was described by George Wieland on the basis of cranial and postcranial osteoderms collected by Charles Hazelius Sternberg in the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. Nowadays, ''Hierosaurus'' is considered a ''nomen dubium'', and a second species, ''H. coleii'', was reassigned to the new genus ''Niobrarasaurus'' in 1995.M. K. Vickaryous, T. Maryanska, and D. B. Weishampel. 2004. Ankylosauria. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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