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Noble Ranks Of The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom developed a complicated peerage system for noble ranks. King/Prince ''Wang'' (王, lit. "king" or "prince") was the highest title of nobility, often hereditary, ranked just below the Heavenly King. There were five ranks of ''wang'': Non-hereditary nobility ranks Below the king or prince, there were six ranks of nobility () in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: ''E'' (義 ''Yì''), ''An'' (安 ''Ān''), ''Fu'' (福 ''Fú''), ''Yen'' (燕 ''Yān''), ''Yü'' (豫 ''Yù'') and ''Hou'' (侯 ''Hóu''). The nobility titles were not hereditary. ''E'' and ''An'' were most highest ranks of the nobility, once they were very noble titles of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. If the Heavenly King wanted to promote someone, he gave the person either ''E'' or ''An''. However, this rule was challenged after 1860 because the nobility titles had been given too freely. Notable people *Chen Yucheng was titled Cheng Tian Yi (成天義) in 1857 * Liang Chengfu was titled Zeng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, later shortened to the Heavenly Kingdom or Heavenly Dynasty, was an unrecognised rebel kingdom in China and a Chinese Christian theocratic absolute monarchy from 1851 to 1864, supporting the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by King Hong Xiuquan and his followers. The unsuccessful war it waged against the Qing is known as the Taiping Rebellion. Its capital was at Tianjing (present-day Nanjing). A self-proclaimed younger brother of Jesus Christ and convert to Protestant Christianity, Hong Xiuquan led an army that controlled a significant part of southern China during the middle of the 19th century, eventually expanding to a size of nearly 30 million people. The rebel kingdom announced social reforms and the replacement of Buddhism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, and Islam by his form of Christianity, holding that he was the second son of God and the younger brother of Jesus. The Taiping areas were besieged by Qing forces throughout most of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Shixian
Li Shixian (; 1834 – 23 August 1865) was a pre-eminent military leader of the late Taiping Rebellion. He was the cousin of military leader Li Xiucheng and was known for being very tall for a native of Guangxi province, standing at tall. During his military tenure, he was given the title of King of Shi (侍王) (meaning "Servant Prince"). In the latter part of the Taiping rebellion, he led Taiping forces to many military victories. Later in his life, he invited an aging Wei Yuan to live in his home and was known to hold counsel with the famous scholar. He was eventually assassinated by a traitor in Guangdong. Victories Army Group Jiangnan Army Group Jiangnan (江南大營) of the Qing empire had encircled the Taiping capital of Nanjing twice, laying siege in an attempt to end the war. The second siege consisted of nearly 200,000 Qing soldiers by March 1858, but they were routed when Li Shixian's Taiping force broke out of the capital in May 1860. With the Qing routed, Li S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Noble Ranks Of The Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks. Rule of inheritance In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance. * Direct imperial princes with the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded for four generations, after which the title can be inherited without further downgrades. * Direct imperial princes without the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded until the rank of ''feng'en jiangjun'', which then became perpetual. * Cadet line imperial princes and lords were downgraded until they reached ''feng'en jiangjun'', which could be further inherited three times before the title expired completely. * For non-imperial peers, the title could be downgraded to ''en jiwei'' before becoming perpetually heritable. Occasionally, a peer could be granted the privilege of ''shixi wangti'' (; "perpetual heritability"), which allowed the title to be passed down without downgrading. Throughout the Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ye Yenlai
Ye Yunlai (, died 1861) was a military leader of the Taiping Rebellion. He began his military career in the Jintian Uprising, later becoming a general, leading Taiping forces to many military victories. He was the chief commander defending Anqing city and never surrendered, ultimately dying in battle. He was awarded the E An in 1857. Combat against the Qing military forces The Anqing city, located between Nanjing and Wuhan, was a strategically important city and transfer base of rice. The Qing military forces recovered Wuhan and they prepared to attack Anqing by the Xiang Army. The Army group of Chen Yucheng commanded over 400,000 for saving Ye Yenlai inner Anqing. Chen and Ye face faced the Xiang Army, numbered at 180,000 soldiers, commanded by general Zeng Guoquan. He later united the 90,000-strong Green Standard Army commanded by the Governor of Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan Shaoguang
Tan Shaoguang () (1835 – December 1, 1863) was a military leader of the Taiping Rebellion. During his military tenure he was known as the King of Mu (慕王) ("Seeker Prince"). As a young soldier he joined the Jintian Uprising. After several years he was promoted to general, and led the Taiping forces to many military victories. He was awarded the E An in 1861. He was murdered by traitors after an interrogation in 1863. Notable victories The Army Group Jiangnan (江南大營) were Qing soldiers who encircled Nanjing twice, in March 1858 and May 1860. The first siege used 200,000 soldiers, and was led by Li Xiucheng. It was routed in 1860, after occupying Jiangsu Province (except for Shanghai). Tan also fought in the Battle of Shanghai (1861). Death Li Xiucheng's mansion was built in Suzhou, where it is the only one from the Taiping Rebellion still existing today. In July 1863 Li ordered his son-in-law, Tan Shaoguang, to assume control of Suzhou. Li Hongzhang led the Huai Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liang Chengfu
Liang Chengfu (; died 26 June 1865) was an eminent military leader of the Taiping Rebellion, and known during his military tenure as the King of Qi (啟王). He led Taiping forces to many military victories especially at Hubei and Shaanxi in central and northwest China. He was awarded the E An in 1860. Liang was an important general for late-Taiping and broke out the Hubei Pocket in August 1864 till 1865. He later joined in the Nien Rebellion and was executed by Viceroy of Sichuan Luo Bingzhang after interrogation in 1865. Wins Western Front *Battle of Guanzhong (1861) * Hubei Pocket (1864) Loss *Defended the Longnan Longnan () is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province in China. It borders Sichuan on its south and Shaanxi on its east. As of the 2020 Chinese census, the population of the prefecture-level city was 2,855,555. Geography and ... from September 1864 to 6 June 1865 and was arrested. {{DEFAULTSORT:Liang, Chengfu 1865 deaths Military lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquess
A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness or marquise. These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan. Etymology The word ''marquess'' entered the English language from the Old French ("ruler of a border area") in the late 13th or early 14th century. The French word was derived from ("frontier"), itself descended from the Middle Latin ("frontier"), from which the modern English word ''march'' also descends. The distinction between governors of frontier territories and interior territories was made as early as the founding of the Roman Empire when some provinces were set aside for administration by the senate and more unpacified or vulnerab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henan
Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. Henan is a birthplace of Han Chinese civilization, with over 3,200 years of recorded history and remained China's cultural, economic and political center until approximately 1,000 years ago. Henan Province is home to many heritage sites, including the ruins of Shang dynasty capital city Yin and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China, Luoyang, Anyang, Kaifeng and Zhengzhou, are in Henan. The practice of tai chi also began here in Chen Jia Gou Village (Chen style), as did the later Yang and Wu styles. Although the name of the province () means "south of the ellowriver.", approximately a quarter of the province lies north of the Yellow River, also known as the Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qin Rigang
Qin Rigang (秦日綱, 1821 – 1856), né Qin Richang (秦日昌), was a Hakka people, Hakka military leader of the Taiping Rebellion, known during his military tenure as the King of Yen (燕王). He served under Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Administration and led Taiping forces to many military victories. He was executed by Hong Xiuquan in 1856 because he had killed the family and followers of Shi Dakai during the Tianjing Incident. Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng were trained and taught by Qin. Early life Born in the Guiping district of Guangxi, Qin was a miner by trade, but had studied the military arts. He began following Hong Xiuquan in the early days of the God Worshipper movement and was counted among Hong's most trusted friends. Leadership in the Taiping Rebellion Qin was entrusted with key military assignments by Hong Xiuquan and eventually became a marquis of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and its fourth most senior military officer, behind only Yang Xiuqing, Wei Changhui, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebei
Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0.3% Mongol. Three Mandarin dialects are spoken: Jilu Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jin. Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast, Liaoning to the northeast, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north. Its economy is based on agriculture and manufacturing. The province is China's premier steel producer, although the steel industry creates serious air pollution. Five UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be found in the province, the: Great Wall of China, Chengde Mountain Resort, Grand Canal, Eastern Qing tombs, and Western Qing tombs. It is also home to five National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities: Handan, Baoding, Chengde, Zhengding and Shanhaiguan. Historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi (philosophy)
In Chinese philosophy, ''yi'' () refers to righteousness, justice, morality, and meaning. Confucianism In Confucianism, ''yi'' involves a moral disposition to do good, and also the intuition and sensibility to do so competently. ''Yi'' represents moral acumen which goes beyond simple rule following, involving a balanced understanding of a situation, and the "creative insight" and decision-generating ability necessary to apply virtues properly and appropriately in a situation with no loss of sight of the total good. ''Yi'' resonates with Confucian philosophy's orientation towards the cultivation of benevolence (''ren'') and ritual propriety (''li''). In application, ''yi'' is a "complex principle" which includes: # skill in crafting actions which have moral fitness according to a given concrete situation; # the wise recognition of such fitness; # the intrinsic satisfaction that comes from that recognition. Daoism The ''Zhuangzi'' discusses the relationship between ''yi'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Xiucheng
Li Xiucheng (; 1823 – August 7, 1864) was a military rebel commander opposing the Qing dynasty during the Taiping Rebellion. He was born to a peasant family. In 1864, he was captured and interrogated following the third and final Battle of Nanjing. He was then executed by Zeng Guofan. Name He was sometimes called the Loyal King, or Zhong Wang (). This title was bestowed after he refused a bribe from a Qing general officer to kill Hong Xiuquan, the founder and leader of the rebellion. Biography Second rout of the Jiangnan Army Group Army Group Jiangnan (江南大營) was an important Qing army barracks in Nanjing. Forces led by Li Xiucheng besieged the barracks in an attempt to force its occupants to surrender. Beginning from March 1858 during the second encirclement, the Qing army commanded 200,000 soldiers to fight with Taiping forces , but they were routed by Li Xiucheng in May 1860. After that, Li went on to occupy all of Jiangsu provinces except Shanghai. Nanking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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