Nitrosopumilus Maritimus
''Nitrosopumilus maritimus'' is an extremely common archaeon living in seawater. It is the first member of the Group 1a Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) to be isolated in pure culture. Gene sequences suggest that the Group 1a Nitrososphaerota are ubiquitous with the oligotrophic surface ocean and can be found in most non-coastal marine waters around the planet. It is one of the smallest living organisms at 0.2 micrometers in diameter. Cells in the species ''N. maritimus'' are shaped like peanuts and can be found both as individuals and in loose aggregates. They oxidize ammonia to nitrite and members of ''N. maritimus'' can oxidize ammonia at levels as low as 10 nanomolar, near the limit to sustain its life. Archaea in the species ''N. maritimus'' live in oxygen-depleted habitats. Oxygen needed for ammonia oxidation might be produced by novel pathway which generates oxygen and dinitrogen. ''N. maritimus'' is thus among organisms which are able to produce oxygen in dark. ...
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Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ...
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