Nelson Mandela Bridges
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Nelson Mandela Bridges
The Nelson Mandela Bridges (French language, French: ''Ponts Nelson-Mandela'') are two twin bridges in France, spanning the river Seine, between Ivry-sur-Seine and Charenton-le-Pont, where the Seine and the Marne (river), Marne have their confluence. Initially they were both called the "" ("Confluence Bridge"), but were renamed for Nelson Mandela, the first democratically elected President of South Africa. They now form part of the D103 road (France), D103 and the A4 autoroute. References

Bridges in France {{France-bridge-struct-stub ...
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Vue De La Seine à Ivry
Vue or VUE may refer to: Places * Vue, Loire-Atlantique, a commune in France * The Vue, a skyscraper in Charlotte, North Carolina Arts, entertainment and media * Vue (band), a rock and roll band from San Francisco, California * Vue Cinemas, a cinema company in the United Kingdom * ''Vue Weekly'', an alternative newspaper in Edmonton, Canada * PlayStation Vue, a former American streaming service from Sony Television stations * KVUE (Texas), KVUE, the ABC TV affiliate for Austin, Texas, US * WVUE (Wilmington, Delaware), a defunct TV station in Wilmington, Delaware, US * WVUE-DT, the Fox TV affiliate for New Orleans, Louisiana, US Brands and enterprises * Pearson VUE, an electronic testing company * Saturn Vue, a sport utility vehicle * Vue International, a multinational cinema holding company based in the UK * Vue Pack, single-serve coffee system by Keurig *Vue.ai, A Madstreetden brand based in the USA Science and technology * Villitis of unknown etiology, a placental injury Soft ...
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French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ...
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Seine
) , mouth_location = Le Havre/Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributaries_right = Ource, Aube, Marne, Oise, Epte The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 bridges in P ...
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Ivry-sur-Seine
Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the commune and now extends into the northern parts of Ivry. Asian commercial activity, especially Chinese and Vietnamese, has greatly increased in Ivry-sur-Seine during the past two decades. The commune contains one of the highest concentrations of Vietnamese in France, who began settling in the city in the late 1970s after the Vietnam War. Politically, Ivry-sur-Seine has historically demonstrated strong electoral support for the French Communist Party (PCF). Between 1925 and today (except for the period of German occupation in World War II), the office of mayor was held by just four individuals: Georges Marrane, Jacques Laloë, Pierre Gosnat and Philippe Bouyssou, all members of the Communist Party. Ivry-sur-Seine is twinned with Bishop ...
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Charenton-le-Pont
Charenton-le-Pont () is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris, to the north of the confluence of the Seine and Marne (river), Marne rivers; the () part of the name refers to the stone bridge across the Marne. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. The Charenton (asylum), Charenton Psychiatric Hospital is located in the neighbouring commune Charenton-Saint-Maurice, which changed its name in 1842 to Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne, Saint Maurice. History A Bronze Age hoard of weapons was found in the river Seine at Charenton in the late nineteenth century. Comprising swords, axes, spearheads and other miscellaneous objects, it is now in the British Museum. Charenton was always a point of importance for the defence of the capital, and was frequently the scene of bloody conflicts. The Fort de Charenton, fort of Charenton, located in Maisons-Alfort but intended to d ...
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Marne (river)
The Marne () is a river in France, an eastern tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. It is long. The river gave its name to the departments of Haute-Marne, Marne, Seine-et-Marne, and Val-de-Marne. The Marne starts in the Langres plateau, runs generally north then bends west between Saint-Dizier and Châlons-en-Champagne, joining the Seine at Charenton just upstream from Paris. Its main tributaries are the Rognon, the Blaise, the Saulx, the Ourcq, the Petit Morin and the Grand Morin. Near the town of Saint-Dizier, part of the flow is diverted through the artificial Lake Der-Chantecoq. This ensures both flood prevention and the maintenance of minimum river flows in periods of drought. The Marne is famous as the site of two eponymous battles during World War I. The first battle was a turning point of the war, fought in 1914. The second battle was fought four years later, in 1918. History The Celts of Gaul worshipped a goddess known as Dea Matrona ...
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Confluence
In geography, a confluence (also: ''conflux'') occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river (main stem); or where two streams meet to become the source of a river of a new name (such as the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers at Pittsburgh, forming the Ohio); or where two separated channels of a river (forming a river island) rejoin at the downstream end. Scientific study of confluences Confluences are studied in a variety of sciences. Hydrology studies the characteristic flow patterns of confluences and how they give rise to patterns of erosion, bars, and scour pools. The water flows and their consequences are often studied with mathematical models. Confluences are relevant to the distribution of living organisms (i.e., ecology) as well; "the general pattern ownstream of confluencesof increasing stream flow and decreasing s ...
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Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a Universal suffrage, fully representative democratic election. Presidency of Nelson Mandela, His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by fostering racial Conflict resolution, reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialism, socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa people, Xhosa, Mandela was born into the Thembu people, Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African ...
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D103 Road (France)
D103 is a state road branching off from D102 state road connecting it to Rijeka Airport. The road is 1.7 km long. The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company. Road junctions See also * Hrvatske ceste * Rijeka Airport Sources {{State roads in Croatia State roads in Croatia Transport in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County ...
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A4 Autoroute
The A4 Autoroute, also known as autoroute de l'Est (), is a French ''Controlled-access highway, autoroute'' that travels between the cities of Paris and Strasbourg. It forms parts of European routes European route E25, E25 and European route E50, E50. It is Autoroutes of France, France's second longest after the A10 autoroute. Its construction began in the 1970s near Paris. The first section between Paris's Porte de Bercy and Joinville-le-Pont opened in 1974 with a single carriageway. A second carriageway was added in 1975, and the following sections between Joinville and Metz were opened in 1975 and 1976. Former autoroutes A32 autoroute, A32 and A34 autoroute, A34 were integrated into the A4 in 1982. From Paris, the autoroute passes the new town of Marne-la-Vallée and Eurodisney, Disneyland Paris. It continues on to some of the major cities of France's northeast, including Rheims and Metz, before terminating in Strasbourg. Local roads provide a connection to southern Germany. ...
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