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Nbaṭ
In Mandaeism, Nbaṭ ( myz, ࡍࡁࡀࡈ, lit=Sprout) is an uthra (angel or guardian) who is described as the "King of Air" or the "first great Radiance." He is also called Nbaṭ Rba ("the Great Nbaṭ" or "Great Sprout") or Nbaṭ Ziwa ("the Radiant Nbaṭ" or literally "Radiance Burst Forth"). In ''The 1012 Questions'', he is also known as Kušṭa Yaqra ("Solemn Truth"). Nbaṭ is associated with fertility and life. In Mandaean scriptures In chapter 3 of the ''Mandaean Book of John'', Nbaṭ and the uthras Gubran, Yawar, Bihram, and Yukabar lead a rebellion against Yushamin and his 21 sons, who are led by ʿtinṣib Ziwa ("Transplant") and his elder brother Sam. Yawar slays 12 of Yushamin's sons, while Bihram slays 9 of them. ''Right Ginza'' Book 14 is named after Nbaṭ and is called the ''Book of the Great Nbaṭ''. The book considers Nbaṭ to be the initial "sprout" that had sprung out during the beginning of the creation of the universe, and also depicts the uthra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ʿtinṣib Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Etinṣib Ziwa or Ītinṣib Ziwa ( myz, ࡏࡕࡉࡍࡑࡉࡁ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ, transl=ʿtinṣib Ziwa, lit=Splendid Transplant) is an uthra who starts a battle against Nbaṭ. Etinṣib Ziwa only appears in a few chapters of the ''Mandaean Book of John''. Battle against Nbaṭ In Chapter 3 of the ''Mandaean Book of John'', when Etinṣib Ziwa starts a battle against Nbaṭ, he unsuccessfully attempted to strike Nbaṭ with a sword three times. Nbaṭ then calls the 21 sons of Yushamin, led by Gubran, to fight against Etinṣib Ziwa. Etinṣib Ziwa proceeds to shoot arrows at Gubran. On the first three attempts, Gubran was able to catch the arrows with his right hand, but on the fourth shot, an arrow struck the forelimb of Paraheil, Gubran's vehicle who is a heavenly steed or warhorse. This provokes an all-out war in which Yawar, Bihram, and Yukabar slaughter all the sons of Yushamin. According to Chapter 3 of the ''Mandaean Book of John'', Bihrath-Anana is the mother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yukabar
An uthra or ʿutra ( myz, ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡀ; plural: ʿutri) is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn J. Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras (sing.: 'utra 'wealth', but meaning 'angel' or 'guardian')." p8 Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the ''yazata'' of Zoroastrianism. According to Ethel S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life." Uthras are benevolent beings that live in ''škinas'' ( myz, ࡔࡊࡉࡍࡀ, celestial dwellings) in the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') and communicate with each other via telepathy. Uthras are also occasionally mentioned as being in ''anana'' ("clouds"; e.g., in ''Right Ginza'' Book 17, Chapter 1), which can also be interpreted as female consorts. Many uthras also serve as guardians (''naṭra''); for instance, Shilmai and Nidbai are the guardians of Piriawis, the Great Jordan (''yardna'') of Life. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthra
An uthra or ʿutra ( myz, ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡀ; plural: ʿutri) is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn J. Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras (sing.: 'utra 'wealth', but meaning 'angel' or 'guardian')." p8 Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the ''yazata'' of Zoroastrianism. According to Ethel S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life." Uthras are benevolent beings that live in '' škinas'' ( myz, ࡔࡊࡉࡍࡀ, celestial dwellings) in the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') and communicate with each other via telepathy. Uthras are also occasionally mentioned as being in ''anana'' ("clouds"; e.g., in '' Right Ginza'' Book 17, Chapter 1), which can also be interpreted as female consorts. Many uthras also serve as guardians (''naṭra''); for instance, Shilmai and Nidbai are the guardians of Piriawis, the Great Jordan (''yardna'') of Life. Etymol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right Ginza
The Right Ginza is one of the two parts of the Ginza Rabba, the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism. The other part of the Ginza Rabba is the Left Ginza. Summaries of each book (or tractate), based mostly on Häberl (2007), are provided below.Häberl, Charles G. (2007). Introduction to the New Edition, in The Great Treasure of the Mandaeans, a new edition of J. Heinrich Petermann's Thesaurus s. Liber Magni, with a new introduction and a translation of the original preface by Charles G. Häberl'. Gorgias Press, LLC. Translated excerpts are from Gelbert (2011), while Mandaic transliterations are derived from Gelbert (2011, 2021). Book 1 Book 1 contains a history of creation and of Mandaeism. The book begins with the opening line (also in Chapter 2 of Book 1): :Praised be Thou, my Lord, with a pure heart (), :thou Lord of all worlds (). Book 2 Book 2 also contains a history of creation and of Mandaeism. It has a total of four sections, since it also contai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Thousand And Twelve Questions
''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' ( myz, ࡀࡋࡐ ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡔࡅࡉࡀࡋࡉࡀ ) is a Mandaean religious text. The ''1012 Questions'' is one of the most detailed texts on Mandaean priestly rituals. The text contains detailed commentaries on Mandaean religious rituals, such as death masses (''masiqta'') to help guide souls into the World of Light, and the Mandaean wedding ceremony. It is written as a scroll. A detailed overview of the contents can be found in Drower (1941). Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the text was published by E. S. Drower in 1960, which was based on manuscript 36 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 36). DC 6 is an incomplete manuscript of ''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' in the Drower Collection missing books 1-2, but DC 36 is the complete version with all 7 books included. Contents Contents of the 7 parts of the ''1012 Questions'': *Book 1 **Part 1: The Questions which Shishlam-Rba and Hibil-Ziwa asked of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gubran
In Mandaeism, Gubran ( myz, ࡂࡅࡁࡓࡀࡍ) is an uthra (angel or guardian). He is also referred to as Gubran Uthra. Guban is the female consort of Gubran. In Mandaean scriptures In the ''Mandaean Book of John'', Gubran Uthra helps Nbaṭ lead a rebellion against Yushamin and his 21 sons. Chapter 3 mentions Gubran's vehicle as Paraheil, a heavenly steed or warhorse. Gubran is also mentioned in ''Right Ginza'' 5.1 as one of the uthras appointed over the north by Yawar Ziwa to watch over Ur. See also *Nbat *Nsab In Mandaeism, Nṣab ( myz, ࡍࡑࡀࡁ, lit=Plant) is an uthra (angel or guardian). He is also called Nṣab Rba ("the Great Nṣab") or Nṣab Ziwa ("the Radiant Nṣab" or "Splendid Plant"). Nṣab and Anan-Nṣab ('cloud of Nṣab', a female ... References Uthras Individual angels Guardians of the directions {{Mandaeism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bihram
In Mandaeism, Bihram ( myz, ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ) or Bihram Rabba ( myz, ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ ࡓࡁࡀ, "Bihram the Great") is an uthra (angel or guardian) who presides over the ''masbuta'', or baptism ritual. Bihram is mentioned in Mandaean texts such as the ''Qolasta''. Many Mandaean masbuta ritual prayers invoke the name of Bihram. Etymology The name Bihram may have originally been derived from the Persian name Bahram, in reference to one or several of the Sasanian kings of the third century A.D. Uthra of baptism Mandaeans consider Bihram to be the uthra of baptism. Similarly, in Sethianism, Micheus, Michar, and Mnesinous are three heavenly guardian spirits presiding over the baptism of the Living Water (see also Five Seals). Mandaean name Bihram is also a Mandaean male baptismal name (as opposed to Mandaean birth names). Notable Mandaeans with the name include Yahya Bihram. In the colophons of Mandaean texts, the name Bihram is also often mentioned for different priests and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The 1012 Questions
''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' ( myz, ࡀࡋࡐ ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡔࡅࡉࡀࡋࡉࡀ ) is a Mandaean religious text. The ''1012 Questions'' is one of the most detailed texts on Mandaean priestly rituals. The text contains detailed commentaries on Mandaean religious rituals, such as death masses (''masiqta'') to help guide souls into the World of Light, and the Mandaean wedding ceremony. It is written as a scroll. A detailed overview of the contents can be found in Drower (1941). Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the text was published by E. S. Drower in 1960, which was based on manuscript 36 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 36). DC 6 is an incomplete manuscript of ''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' in the Drower Collection missing books 1-2, but DC 36 is the complete version with all 7 books included. Contents Contents of the 7 parts of the ''1012 Questions'': *Book 1 **Part 1: The Questions which Shishlam-Rba and Hibil-Ziwa asked of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yushamin
In Mandaeism, Yushamin ( myz, ࡉࡅࡔࡀࡌࡉࡍ) and also known as the 'Second Life', is the primal uthra (angel or guardian) and a subservient emanation who was created by the Mandaean God 'The Great Life' (''Hayyi Rabbi'' or 'The First Life'), hence beginning the creation of the material world. Yushamin is the father of Abatur. Jorunn J. Buckley identifies Yushamin as "both a Lightworld utra beyond reproach and the prototype of a priest who has made mistakes in ritual." Name and epithets The name may be derived from Iao ''haš-šammayim'' (in Hebrew: Yahweh "of the heavens"). In the ''Diwan Masbuta d-Hibil Ziwa'', he is called the "pure Yušamin", "Yušamin the Peacock", and "Yušamin, son of Dmut-Hiia", where Dmut-Hiia/Dmuth-Hayyi ("Likeness/Image of Life") refers to Yushamin's mother. Role Rebellion Yushamin and his sons set in motion the events leading to creating the material world (''tibil''), due to deciding to participate in creation without consulting the First Lif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Of Light
In Mandaeism, the World of Light or Lightworld ( myz, ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡖࡍࡄࡅࡓࡀ, translit=alma ḏ-nhūra) is the primeval, transcendental world from which Tibil and the World of Darkness emerged. Description *The Great Life (''Hayyi Rabbi'' or Supreme God/Monad) is the ruler of the World of Light. *Countless uthras dwell in '' škinas'' in the World of Light. (A ''škina'' is a celestial dwelling where uthras, or benevolent celestial beings, live in the World of Light.) *The World of Light is the source of the Great ''Yardena'' (or Jordan River) of Life, also known as Piriawis. *Ether ( myz, ࡀࡉࡀࡓ, ), which can be thought of as heavenly breath or energy, permeates the World of Light. *The Mshunia Kushta (''Mšunia Kušṭa'') is a part of the World of Light considered to be the dwelling place of heavenly or ideal counterparts (''dmuta''). *In some Mandaean texts, Tarwan is a part of the World of Light that is described as a "pure land." Ascension When a Mandaean per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanomachy
In Greek mythology, the Titanomachy (; grc, , , Titan battle) was a ten-year series of battles fought in Ancient Thessaly, consisting of most of the Titans (the older generation of gods, based on Mount Othrys) fighting against the Twelve Olympians, Olympians (the younger generations, who would come to reign on Mount Olympus) and their allies. This event is also known as the War of the Titans, Battle of the Titans, Battle of the Gods, or just the Titan War. The war was fought to decide which generation of gods would have dominion over the universe; it ended in victory for the Olympian gods. Greeks of the Classical Age knew of several poems about the war between the gods and many of the Titans. The dominant one, and the only one that has survived, is the ''Theogony'' attributed to Hesiod. The Titans also played a prominent role in the poems attributed to Orpheus. Although only scraps of the Orphism (religion), Orphic narratives survive, they show differences from the Hesiodic trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nsab
In Mandaeism, Nṣab ( myz, ࡍࡑࡀࡁ, lit=Plant) is an uthra (angel or guardian). He is also called Nṣab Rba ("the Great Nṣab") or Nṣab Ziwa ("the Radiant Nṣab" or "Splendid Plant"). Nṣab and Anan-Nṣab ('cloud of Nṣab', a female consort) are frequently mentioned together as a pair in the ''Right Ginza'' and Qolasta. In the ''Mandaean Book of John'' In chapters 3 to 10 of the ''Mandaean Book of John'', Nṣab is a son of Yushamin. In the fourth chapter, Nṣab Ziwa ( myz, ࡍࡑࡀࡁ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ, lit=Splendid Plant) admonishes his father Yushamin over his rebellion. The eighth chapter gives an account of Nṣab bringing a petition for forgiveness for Yushamin to the King of Light (''malka ḏ-nhura''), who accepts it against the wishes of Manda d-Hayyi, and cautions the latter for hating Yushamin for refusing him a wife. The ninth is a dialogue between Yushamin, Manda d-Hayyi and Nṣab; the tenth is a monologue by Yushamin. In other Mandaean scriptures N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
