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North Pole-2
North Pole-2 (russian: Северный полюс-2) was a Soviet drifting ice station. It was established on April 2, 1950 and drifted for about a year between the Bering Strait and the North Pole. It was closed on April 11, 1951, after the piece of ice it was based on broke into two. The commander of the station was Mikhail Somov, who was made the Hero of the Soviet Union for his role in the expedition. North Pole-2 became the first Soviet staffed drifting station after North Pole-1 launched in 1937, and established a series of polar expeditions. The station was staffed by 17 people, and was equipped by ten tents and a truck. Supplies were transported by cargo planes on a regular basis. The information on the launch and the drift of the station were classified and the details did not appear in the media until the 1990s. The station carried out Arctic research, including depth measurements and studying chemical and biological properties of Arctic sea water. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drifting Ice Station
A drifting ice station is a temporary or semi-permanent facility built on an ice floe. During the Cold War the Soviet Union and the United States maintained a number of stations in the Arctic Ocean on floes such as Fletcher's Ice Island for research and espionage, the latter of which were often little more than quickly constructed shacks. Extracting personnel from these stations proved difficult and in the case of the United States, employed early versions of the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system. Overview Soviet and Russian staffed drifting ice stations are research stations built on the ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean. They are important contributors to exploration of the Arctic. The stations are named North Pole (NP; russian: Северный полюс, translit=Severny polyus, ), followed by an ordinal number: North Pole-1, etc. NP drift stations carry out the program of complex year-round research in the fields of oceanology, ice studies, meteorology, ae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distinguish from the Magnetic North Pole. The North Pole is by definition the northernmost point on the Earth, lying antipodally to the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. No time zone has been assigned to the North Pole, so any time can be used as the local time. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about away, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Somov
Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov (russian: Михаил Михайлович Сомов; , in Moscow – 30 December 1973, in Leningrad) was a Soviet oceanologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1954). Somov graduated from the Moscow Hydrometeorological Institute in 1937. In 1939, he was appointed senior researcher at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1950–1951, Mikhail Somov headed a drift-ice station ''North Pole-2''. In 1955–1957, he became the commander of the first Soviet Antarctic Expedition. Mikhail Somov was also the first Soviet delegate to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. The Somov Sea north of Victoria Land and a glacier in Queen Maud Land (both East Antarctica) bear Mikhail Somov's name, as well as a scientific icebreaker. A minor planet 3334 Somov discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos in 1981 is named after him. Somov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1952. Awards * Hero of the Soviet Union (195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hero Of The Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. Overview The award was established on 16 April 1934, by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. The first recipients of the title originally received only the Order of Lenin, the highest Soviet award, along with a certificate (грамота, ''gramota'') describing the heroic deed from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Because the Order of Lenin could be awarded for deeds not qualifying for the title of hero, and to distinguish heroes from other Order of Lenin holders, the Gold Star medal was introduced on 1 August 1939. Earlier heroes were retroactively eligible for these items. A hero could be awarded the title again for a subsequent heroic feat with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Pole-1
North Pole-1 (russian: Северный полюс-1) was the world's first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research. North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted by aviation units under the command of Mark Shevelev. "NP-1" operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe travelled . The commander of the station was Ivan Papanin. On 19 February 1938 the Soviet ice breakers '' Taimyr'' and '' Murman'' took four polar explorers off the station close to the eastern coast of Greenland. They arrived in Leningrad on 15 March on board the icebreaker ''Yermak''. The expedition members, hydrobiologist Pyotr Shirshov, geophysicist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radioman Ernst Krenkel, and the commander Ivan Papanin, were awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The Western Bloc was led by the United States as well as a number of other First W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exploration Of The Arctic
Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions and journeying through these perils by sight, boat, and foot has proven difficult. Ancient history Indo-European Hypothesis A controversial hypothesis, often regarded as pseudohistory, sets the home of the mythical people Hyperboreans in the Arctic. The scientist and author John G. Bennett talked about it in his research paper "The Hyperborean Origin of the Indo-European Culture" (1963). The theory was originally put forth by William F. Warren, the first President of Boston University, in hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polar Exploration By Russia And The Soviet Union
Polar may refer to: Geography Polar may refer to: * Geographical pole, either of two fixed points on the surface of a rotating body or planet, at 90 degrees from the equator, based on the axis around which a body rotates *Polar climate, the climate common in polar regions * Polar regions of Earth, locations within the polar circles, referred to as the Arctic and Antarctic Places *Polar, Wisconsin, town in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States **Polar (community), Wisconsin, unincorporated community in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States People * Polar (musician), Norwegian electronic music producer Arts, entertainment and media Music Labels and studios * Polar Music, a record label * Polar Studios, music studio of ABBA in Sweden Albums * ''Polar'' (album), second album by the High Water Marks * ''Polars'' (album), an album by the Dutch metal band, Textures Other uses in arts, entertainment and media * ''Polar'' (webcomic), a webcomic and series of graphic novel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1950 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin * Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Nikolay Shvernik * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin Events January * 5 January – 1950 Sverdlovsk air disaster February * 14 February – The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance is concluded. March * 12 March – Soviet Union legislative election, 1950 April * 2 April – Drifting ice station North Pole-2 is established. June * 28 June – 4 July – The Pavlovian session is held. August * 13 August – The steamer ''Mayakovsky'' sinks in Riga, killing 147 people in the deadliest peacetime Soviet shipping disaster. Births * 12 May – Viktor Ivanov, director of the Federal Narcotics Control Service * 11 August – Gennadiy Nikonov, weapons de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1951 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin * Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Nikolay Shvernik * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin Events Births * 17 September – Mārtiņš Brauns, Latvian composer (died 2021) * 21 October – Dmitry Gayev, Russian civil servant (died 2012) Deaths * 31 December – Maxim Litvinov Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (; born Meir Henoch Wallach; 17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat. A strong advocate of diplomatic agreements leading towards disarmament, Litvinov wa ... See also * 1951 in fine arts of the Soviet Union * List of Soviet films of 1951 {{USSR-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Research
Arctic studies may include: *Arctic ecology *Geology *Meteorology *Pedology *Oceanography See also * List of Arctic research programs * List of research stations in the Arctic A number of governments maintain permanent research stations in the Arctic. Also known as Arctic bases, polar stations or ice stations, these bases are widely distributed across the northern polar region of Earth. Historically few research st ... References Earth sciences Arctic research {{arctic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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