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Ngaatjatjarra Dialect
Ngaatjatjarra (also Ngaatjatjara, Ngaadadjarra) is an Australian Aboriginal dialect of the Western Desert language. It is spoken in the Western Desert cultural bloc which covers about 600 000 square kilometres of the arid central and central-western desert. It is very similar to its close neighbours Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Pintupi, with which it is highly mutually intelligible. Most Ngaatjatjarra live in one of the communities of Warburton, Warakurna, Tjukurla or Docker River. Origin of the name The name ''Ngaatjatjarra'' derives from the word ''ngaatja'' 'this' which, combined with the comitative suffix ''-tjarra'' means something like ' ''ngaatja''-having'. This distinguishes it from its near neighbour Ngaanyatjarra which has ''ngaanya'' for 'this'. Sign language The Ngaada have (or at one point had) a signed form of their language, though it is not clear from records that it was particularly well-developed compared to other Australian Aboriginal sign languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of . It is the List of country subdivisions by area, second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha, Sakha Republic. the state has 2.76 million inhabitants percent of the national total. The vast majority (92 percent) live in the South-West Land Division, south-west corner; 79 percent of the population lives in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. The first Europeans to visit Western Australia belonged to the Dutch Dirk Hartog expedition, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The first pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pintupi
The Pintupi are an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group and whose traditional land is in the area west of Lake Macdonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of Papunya and Haasts Bluff in the west of the Northern Territory in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert, in 1984, are a group known as the Pintupi Nine, also sometimes called the "lost tribe". Over recent decades groups of Pintupi have moved back to their traditional country, as part of what has come to be called the outstation movement. These groups set up the communities of Kintore (''Walungurru'' in Pintupi) in the Northern Territory, Kiwirrkura and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi: ''Puntutjarrpa'') in Western Australia. There was also a recent dramatic increase in Pintupi populations and speakers of the Pintupi language. Country Pintupi lands, in Tindale' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Aboriginal Sign Languages
Many Australian Aboriginal cultures have or traditionally had a manually coded language, a signed counterpart of their oral language. This appears to be connected with various speech taboos between certain kin or at particular times, such as during a mourning period for women or during initiation ceremonies for men, as was also the case with Caucasian Sign Language but not Plains Indian Sign Language, which did not involve speech taboo, or deaf sign languages, which are not encodings of oral language. There is some similarity between neighboring groups and some contact pidgin similar to Plains Indian Sign Language in the American Great Plains. Sign languages appear to be most developed in areas with the most extensive speech taboos: the central desert (particularly among the Warlpiri and Warumungu), and western Cape York. Kendon, A. (1988) ''Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manually Coded Language
Manually coded languages (MCLs) are a family of gestural communication methods which include gestural spelling as well as constructed languages which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form—that is, signed versions of oral languages. Unlike the sign languages that have evolved naturally in deaf communities, these manual codes are the conscious invention of deaf and hearing educators, and as such lack the distinct spatial structures present in native deaf sign languages. MCLs mostly follow the grammar of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in deaf education in an effort to "represent English on the hands" and by sign language interpreters in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread. History It is unknown when the first attempts were made to represent an oral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comitative Suffix
In grammar, the comitative case (; abbreviated ) is a grammatical case that denotes accompaniment. In English, the preposition "with", in the sense of "in company with" or "together with", plays a substantially similar role (other uses of "with", like in the meaning of "using" or "by means of" (I cut bread with a knife), correspond to the instrumental case or related cases). Core meaning The comitative case encodes a relationship of "accompaniment" between two participants in an event, called the "accompanier" and the "companion". In addition, there is a "relator" (which can be of multiple lexical categories, but is most commonly an affix or adposition). Use of the comitative case gives prominence to the accompanier. This Italian sentence is an example: : ''il_professore''.html" ;"title="/nowiki>''il professore''">/nowiki>''il professore''/nowiki>accompanier ''entra nell'aula'' ''con''.html" ;"title="/nowiki>''con''">/nowiki>''con''/nowiki>relator ''i_suoi_studenti''.html" ;"tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docker River
Kaltukatjara , also known as Docker River, is a remote Indigenous Australian community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is southwest of Alice Springs, west of the Stuart Highway, near the Western Australia and Northern Territory border. The township is on a wadi called the Docker Creek on the north side of the west end of the Petermann Ranges in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory of Australia. At the 2006 census, Kaltukatjara had a population of 355. History A permanent settlement at "Docker River" was established in 1968 to relieve pressure on the Warburton settlement and provide an opportunity for Aboriginal people to live closer to their homelands. PY Media states that Kaltukatjara acquired its European name "Docker River" from explorer Ernest Giles, as well as other history, as follows: The site that is now Kaltukatjara was originally named Docker River by Ernest Giles during his expedition of 1872. Pastors Duguid and Strehlow surveyed the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warakurna
Warakurna is a large Aboriginal community, located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku and is situated on the Great Central Road (part of the Outback Way ultimately connecting Perth to Cairns diagonally across Australia). It is at the western end of the Rawlinson Ranges. At the , Warakurna had a population of 268, including 237 who identified as Aboriginal Australians, most of whom speak Ngaanyatjarra at home. History In the early 1970s several factors, including the availability of government funding for outstations, easier road access, and over-crowding at Docker River (Kaltukatjara) settlement and Warburton Mission, all combined to make the location of Giles Weather Station ideal for a new community. The Warakurna community became incorporated in 1976 and a member of the Ngaanyatjarra Council in 1981. Native title The community is located within the determined Ngaanyatjarra Lands (Part A) (WAD6004/04) nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warburton, Western Australia
Warburton or Warburton Ranges is an Aboriginal Australian community in Western Australia, just to the south of the Gibson Desert and located on the Great Central Road (part of the Outback Way) and Gunbarrel Highway. At the , Warburton had a population of 576. History The settlement was established as an Aboriginal mission under the auspices of the UAM (United Aborigines Mission) in 1934 by Will Wade, his wife and his children. It was named after explorer Peter Warburton, the first European to cross the Great Sandy Desert. The Ngaanyatjarra people of the Western Desert cultural bloc were nomadic people, but with the arrival of missionaries in 1933, they were drawn to the mission. By 1954, around 500 to 700 Aboriginal people lived at the mission. There was a school where they were taught in English, and traditional culture discouraged. Domestic skills were taught to women and girls, and the men collected dingo or became shearers or builders. More people were attracted to wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitjantjatjara Language
Pitjantjatjara (; or ) is a dialect of the Western Desert language traditionally spoken by the Pitjantjatjara people of Central Australia. It is mutually intelligible with other varieties of the Western Desert language, and is particularly closely related to the Yankunytjatjara dialect. The names for the two groups are based on their respective words for 'come/go.' Pitjantjatjara is a relatively healthy Aboriginal language, with children learning it. It is taught in some Aboriginal schools. The literacy rate for first language speakers is 50–70%; and is 10–15% for second-language learners. There is a Pitjantjatjara dictionary, and the New Testament of the Bible has been translated into the language, a project started at the Ernabella Mission in the early 1940s and completed in 2002. Work continues on the Old Testament. Phonology and orthography There are slightly different standardised spellings used in the Northern Territory and Western Australia compared to So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngaatjatjarra People
The Ngaatjatjarra (otherwise spelt Ngadadjara) are an Indigenous Australian people of Western Australia, with communities located in the north eastern part of the Goldfields-Esperance region. Name The ethnonym Ngaatjatjarra, in line with a general practice in their area, combines the interrogative pronoun used by each tribe for "who", "what". In their case this yields up a combination of ''ŋa:da'' and the possessive suffix ''-t(d)jara'', is attached. The sense therefore is, "(people) using the form ''ŋa:da'' for the idea of 'who/what'". Language Ngaatjatjarra is mutually intelligible with Ngaanyatjarra, and both are treated as dialects of the one language. Country Norman Tindale assigned them traditional lands he estimated as covering roughly . The centre of their traditional life was in the Warburton Ranges and in particular at a site, Warupuju Spring, where water was always available. Their eastern frontiers lay around Fort Welcome, the Blackstone Ranges, Murray Range and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngaanyatjarra
The Ngaanyatjarra, also known (along with the Pini) as the Nana, are an Indigenous Australian cultural group of Western Australia. They are located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, as well as Northern Territory. Language Ngaanyatjarra is a Western Desert language belonging to the Wati branch of the Pama-Nyungan languages. ''Ngaanya'' literally means "this" (that is, the demonstrative pronoun) and ''-tjarra'' means "with/having" (the comitative suffix); the compound term means "those that use 'ngaanya' to say 'this'". The neighbouring Ngaatjatjarra use ''ngaatja'' for "this". Many Ngaanyatjarra are multilingual, not only speaking English but also a number of other dialects in the area. Country Ngaanyatjarra lands cover roughly 3% of the Australian landscape, a territory as large as that of the United Kingdom. Predominantly desert, they lie away from the two nearest towns of Alice Springs and Kalgoorlie. The neighbouring tribes are the Martu and the Pitjantjatjara. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
