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New Zealand Constitutional Crisis, 1984
The New Zealand constitutional crisis of 1984 arose following the 1984 general election, and was caused by a major currency crisis. The crisis led the incoming government to review New Zealand's constitutional structures, which resulted in the Constitution Act 1986. Background Prior to 1985 the New Zealand dollar was controlled centrally by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand at an exchange rate fixed to the United States dollar. In early 1984 the Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank, Roderick Deane, became concerned that the New Zealand dollar had become significantly overvalued and was vulnerable to currency speculation on the financial markets in the event of a "significant political event". Currency crisis At the time, New Zealand was led by Prime Minister Sir Robert Muldoon and his National Party government. Media speculation followed a leak that a potential incoming Labour government would be likely to significantly devalue the dollar upon election. The Reserve Bank advised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muldoon 1978
Muldoon ( ga, Ó Maoldúin) is an Irish family name. It is represented throughout the world where descendants of emigrants of people bearing that name have settled; e.g. U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries. ''Muldoon'' is an anglicisation of the Irish surname ''Ó Maoldúin'', meaning "descendant of the disciple of St. Dúin". It first appears in the ''Lebor na hUidre'' or the ''Book of the Dun Cow''. Another Máel Dúin was one of the Kings from Mag Rath in ''Dál Riata'', a Gaelic 'kingdom' that covered parts of north-eastern Ulster and south-western Scotland (see List of the kings of Dál Riata), Máel Dúin mac Conaill (died c. 689). According to ''The Surnames of Ireland'' by Edward MacLysaght, there are three distinct septs of Muldoon: Galway (around ''Uí Maine''), Clare (whose names were generally Anglicised to Malone), and in Co. Fermanagh where the name is most common. The family motto is , Latin for "For Faith and Country". Famous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snap Election
A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Generally, a snap election in a parliamentary system (the dissolution of parliament) is called to capitalize on an unusual electoral opportunity or to decide a pressing issue, under circumstances when an election is not required by law or convention. A snap election differs from a recall election in that it is initiated by politicians (usually the head of government or ruling party) rather than voters, and from a by-election in that a completely new parliament is chosen as opposed to merely filling vacancies in an already established assembly. Early elections can also be called in certain jurisdictions after a ruling coalition is dissolved if a replacement coalition cannot be formed within a constitutionally set time limit. Since the power to call snap elections (the dissolution of parliament) usually lies with the incumbent, they often result in increased majorities for the party alread ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Harman (journalist)
Richard Harman is a New Zealand political journalist and broadcaster. Career Harman studied English, Architecture, and Economics at Auckland University, but was as heavily involved in student journalism and politics as with study. Harman started his professional career as a reporter with The Dominion, where he worked as a reporter from 1972 to 1977. From here, he moved to Television New Zealand, where he was a news and current affairs reporter and political editor, working on current affairs series ''Eye Witness News'' and ''Assignment''.Front Page - The Team , FrontPage.co.nz. Retrieved 3 May 2013. Since 1999 he has founded and headed the political news production company Front Page. Front Page, under Harman, produced the weekly TVNZ programme '' |
Wellington
Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by metro area, and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region. It is the world's southernmost capital of a sovereign state. Wellington features a temperate maritime climate, and is the world's windiest city by average wind speed. Legends recount that Kupe discovered and explored the region in about the 10th century, with initial settlement by Māori iwi such as Rangitāne and Muaūpoko. The disruptions of the Musket Wars led to them being overwhelmed by northern iwi such as Te Āti Awa by the early 19th century. Wellington's current form was originally designed by Captain William Mein Smith, the first Surveyor General for Edward Wakefield's New Zealand Company, in 1840. The Wellington urban area, which only includes urbanised ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohakea
RNZAF Base Ohakea is an operational base of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Opened in 1939, it is located near Bulls, 25 km north-west of Palmerston North in the Manawatu. It is also a diversion landing point for civilian aircraft. The base's motto is ''Defensio per vires'' (Latin for defence through strength). Early days An air base was originally proposed in the area in 1927, when Ohakea was selected as the most suitable site for a mooring mast for airships of the British Imperial Airship service. It was proposed to build one mast for a demonstration flight, with the potential for expansion to a full airship base with three masts, airship sheds and hydrogen production. However, there was no point in going ahead with the development of the site without a commitment from the Australian Government to build masts to provide bases in that country. When the Australian Government declined to build masts, the New Zealand Government declined likewise. 1930s development In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auckland International Airport
Auckland Airport is the largest and List of the busiest airports in New Zealand, busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 21 million passengers in the year ended March 2019. The airport is located near Māngere, a residential suburb, and Airport Oaks, a service hub suburb south of the Auckland Auckland CBD, city centre. It is both a domestic and international hub for Air New Zealand, and the New Zealand hub of Jetstar. The airport is one of New Zealand's most important infrastructure assets, providing thousands of jobs for the region. It handled 71 per cent of New Zealand's international air passenger arrivals and departures in 2000. It is one of only two commercial airports in New Zealand (the other being Christchurch International Airport, Christchurch) capable of handling Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 aircraft. The airport has a single runway, 05R/23L, which is Category III approach, Cat IIIb capable (at a reduced rate of movements) in the 23L direction. It has a capacity o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Caygill
David Francis Caygill (born 15 November 1948) is a former New Zealand politician. Caygill was born and raised in Christchurch. He entered politics in 1971 as Christchurch's youngest city councillor at the age of 22. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1978 New Zealand general election, 1978 to 1996 New Zealand general election, 1996, representing the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party. A supporter of Rogernomics, he served as Minister of Finance (New Zealand), Minister of Finance between 1988 and 1990. From 2010 to 2019, he was one of the government-appointed commissioners at Environment Canterbury. Early life and family Caygill was born in Christchurch on 15 November 1948, the son of Gwyneth Mary Caygill (née Harris) and Bruce Allot Caygill. He was educated at St Albans Primary School and Christchurch Boys' High School, and then studied at the University of Canterbury, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1971 and Bachelor of Laws in 1974. In 1971 Caygill was Presiden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoffrey Palmer (politician)
Sir Geoffrey Winston Russell Palmer (born 21 April 1942) is a New Zealand lawyer, legal academic, and former politician, who was a member of Parliament from 1979 to 1990. He served as the 33rd prime minister of New Zealand for a little over a year, from August 1989 until September 1990, leading the Fourth Labour Government. As Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1989, Palmer was responsible for considerable reforms of the country's legal and constitutional framework, such as the creation of the Constitution Act 1986, New Zealand Bill of Rights, Imperial Laws Application Act, and the State Sector Act. He served as president of the New Zealand Law Commission, from 2005 to 2010. Early life and education Palmer was born in Nelson and attended Nelson Central School, Nelson Intermediate School and Nelson College. At Victoria University of Wellington, he studied both political science and law. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1964 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1965. After w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Douglas
Sir Roger Owen Douglas (born 5 December 1937) is a retired New Zealand politician who served as a minister in two Labour governments. He became arguably best known for his prominent role in New Zealand's radical economic restructuring in the 1980s, when the Fourth Labour Government's economic policy became known as "Rogernomics". Douglas served as a Labour Member of Parliament from 1969 to 1990. During his time as Minister of Finance (1984 to 1988), the government floated the New Zealand dollar, introduced corporate practices to state services, sold off state assets, and removed a swathe of regulations and subsidies. Some Labour Party supporters regarded Douglas's economic policies as a betrayal of Labour's left-wing policy-platform, and the moves became deeply unpopular with the public and with ordinary party members. His supporters defended the reforms as necessary to revive the economy, which had been tightly regulated under National's Muldoon (Minister of Finance from 1975 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerald Hensley
Gerald Christopher Philip Hensley (born 4 December 1935) is a former New Zealand diplomacy, diplomat and public servant. Biography Born in Christchurch, Hensley was educated at St Bede's College, Christchurch and University of Canterbury, Canterbury University College where he took an MA with first-class honours in history. He joined the Department of External Affairs (now the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade) in 1958 and served in Samoa, at the New Zealand Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, and in 1965 was appointed Special Assistant to the Commonwealth Secretary-General when the Commonwealth Secretariat was established in London. He then served as Counsellor at the New Zealand Embassy in Washington, DC, Washington. While in Washington, in April 1973, the Black September (group), Black September group painted slogans on the wall of his house and fired several shots through the windows. This was tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montreal Gazette
The ''Montreal Gazette'', formerly titled ''The Gazette'', is the only English-language daily newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Three other daily English-language newspapers shuttered at various times during the second half of the 20th century. It is one of the French-speaking province's last two English-language dailies; the other is the ''Sherbrooke Record'', which serves the anglophone community in Sherbrooke and the Eastern Townships southeast of Montreal. Founded in 1778 by Fleury Mesplet, ''The Gazette'' is Quebec's oldest daily newspaper and Canada's oldest daily newspaper still in publication. The oldest newspaper overall is the English-language ''Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph'', which was established in 1764 and is published weekly. History Fleury Mesplet founded a French-language weekly newspaper called ''La Gazette du commerce et littéraire, pour la ville et district de Montréal'' on June 3, 1778. It was the first entirely French-language newspaper i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caretaker Government
A caretaker government is a temporary ''ad hoc'' government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it usually consists of either randomly selected or approved members of parliament or outgoing members until their dismissal. Caretaker governments in representative democracies are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the '' status quo'', rather than truly govern and propose new legislation. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate mandate (electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions. Definition Caretaker governments may be put in place when a government in a parliamentary system is defeated in a motion of no confidence, or in the case when the house to which the government is responsible is dissolved, to be in place for an interim period until an election is held and a new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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