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Nepenthes Singalana
''Nepenthes singalana'' (; after Mount Singgalang, West Sumatra) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the island of Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2900 m above sea level.McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. It is most closely allied to '' N. diatas'' and '' N. spathulata''. Taxonomy In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the ''Nepenthes'' species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is part of the resultant cladogram, showing "Clade 3", which comprises ''N. singalana'' and three other related species.Clarke, C.M. 2001. ''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. Natural hybrids The following natural hybrids involving ''N. singalana'' have been recorded. *'' N. aristolochioides'' × ''N. singalana'' *'' N. bongso'' × ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Belirang
Mount Kunyit (, "Turmeric Mountain"; also known as ''Bukit Belerang'') is a fumarolic stratovolcano on Talang Kemuning Village, Gunung Raya District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. The summit contains two craters; the uppermost is a crater lake. See also * List of volcanoes in Indonesia The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatoa for its globa ... References Kunyit Kunyit Kunyit Kunyit Pleistocene stratovolcanoes {{Jambi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitcher Plants Of The Old World
''Pitcher Plants of the Old World'' is a two-volume monograph by Stewart McPherson on the pitcher plants of the genera ''Nepenthes'' and ''Cephalotus''. It was published in May 2009 by Redfern Natural History Productions and covers all species known at the time.McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. The work was edited by Alastair Robinson and Andreas Fleischmann. The monograph was followed in 2011 by '' New Nepenthes: Volume One'', a supplementary work covering the many ''Nepenthes'' taxa documented in the preceding few years.McPherson, S.R. 2011. '' New Nepenthes: Volume One''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. Background In an interview with ''The Hoopoe'', McPherson explained his reasons for writing the book and the extensive field work that it involved: I prepared ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World'' in response to the lack of available information on dozens of species of ''Nepenthes''. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes Inermis
''Nepenthes inermis'' is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The specific epithet ''inermis'' is Latin for "unarmed" and refers to the upper pitchers of this species, which are unique in that they completely lack a peristome. Botanical history ''Nepenthes inermis'' was first collected on September 7, 1918, by H. A. B. Bünnemeijer on Mount Talang, at an altitude of above sea level. Two further collections were made by Bünnemeijer on Bukit Gombak on November 16, 1918, at and A fourth specimen was taken on April 26, 1920, from an elevation of on Mount Kerintji. This final specimen, ''Bünnemeijer 9695'', was later designated as the lectotype of ''N. inermis'' by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek.Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae). ''Blumea'' 42(1): 1–106. ''Nepenthes inermis'' was first illustrated in an issue of ''De Tropische Natuur'' published in 1927. A year later, B. H. Danser formal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes Aristolochioides
''Nepenthes aristolochioides'' is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of 1800–2500 m above sea level. It has an extremely unusual pitcher morphology, having an almost vertical opening to its traps.McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. It is critically endangered by overcollection. The specific epithet ''aristolochioides'' is formed from the genus name ''Aristolochia'' and the Latin ending ''-oides'', meaning "resembling". It refers to the similarity that the pitchers of this species bear, in both shape and pigmentation, to the specialised flowers of ''Aristolochia''. Botanical history ''Nepenthes aristolochioides'' was first collected by Willem Meijer on August 5, 1956. The holotype, ''Meijer 6542'', was collected on that date from Mount Tujuh (Tudjuh) in Jambi at an elevation of 2000 m. It is deposited at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands (L) in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in blending inheritance), but can show hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridisation, which include genetic and morphological differences, differing times of fertility, mating behaviors and cues, and physiological rejection of sperm cells or the developing embryo. Some act before fertilization and others after it. Similar barriers exist in plants, with differences in flowering tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes Of Sumatra And Peninsular Malaysia
''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia'' is a monograph by Charles Clarke on the tropical pitcher plants of Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and their minor surrounding islands. It was published in 2001 by Natural History Publications (Borneo). Clarke described it as "intermediate between an ecological monograph and a taxonomic one".Clarke, C.M. 2001. ''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. Background The work was conceived in late 1997Clarke, C.M. 2000. ''Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society'': 9. and represents the culmination of 3 years of intensive research that included 15 field trips and numerous herbarium visits. The project encountered a number of difficulties and setbacks, including a "severe drought" in 1997 and political unrest in the following two years. Of the species covered in the book, Clarke observed all but three in the field. ''Nepenthes lavicola'' co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peninsular Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: سمننجڠ مليسيا), or the States of Malaya ( ms, Negeri-negeri Tanah Melayu; Jawi: نڬري-نڬري تانه ملايو), also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, is the part of Malaysia that occupies the southern half of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia and the nearby islands. Its area totals , which is nearly 40% of the total area of the country; the other 60% is in East Malaysia. For comparison, it is slightly larger than England (130,395 km2). It shares a land border with Thailand to the north and a maritime border with Singapore to the south. Across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the island of Sumatra, and across the South China Sea to the east lie the Natuna Islands of Indonesia. At its southern tip, across the Strait of Johor, lies the island country of Singapore. Peninsular Malaysia accounts for the majority (roughly 81.3%) of Malaysia's population and economy; as of 2017, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic Analysis
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. Radi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Clarke (botanist)
Dr. Charles M. Clarke (born in Melbourne, Australia) is an ecologist and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genus ''Nepenthes'', for which he is regarded as a world authority.Ellison, A. & Adamec, L. eds., 2018. Contributing Author Information. ''Carnivorous Plants: Physiology, ecology, and evolution''. Oxford University Press. . Clarke has an honours degree in Botany from Monash University in Melbourne, and a Ph.D. in Ecosystem management at the University of New England, in Armidale, New South Wales. Clarke first travelled to Borneo in search of pitcher plants in 1987. In 1989 and 1990 he lived in Brunei, studying the ecology of ''Nepenthes''. In between travels, Clarke has taught Ecology and Biometrics at James Cook University in Queensland, and worked as a horticultural consultant in Hong Kong. He now works at the Cairn's Botanic Garden. Clarke has written five books and guides on ''Nepenthes'', which present a synthesis of the research performed on his trav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes Diatas
''Nepenthes diatas'' (; from Indonesian ''diatas'' "above, on top") is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of above sea level. ''Nepenthes diatas'' was formally described in 1997 by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek in their monograph " A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae)", published in the botanical journal ''Blumea''. However, the name ''N. diatas'' had already been in use since at least 1994.Jebb, M. 1994NEPENTHES revision for Flora Malesiana Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, 9 September 1994. No forms or varieties of ''N. diatas'' have been described. Taxonomy In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the ''Nepenthes'' species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is part of the resultant cladogram, showing "Clade 3", which comprises ''N. diatas'' and three other related species.Clarke, C.M. 2001. ''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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