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Neopolynoe
''Neopolynoe'' is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae, the scaleworms. ''Neopolynoe'' contains 4 species, all known from the Atlantic Ocean from shallow water to depths of about 2500 m.Loshamn, Alf-Arian 1981. Descriptions of five polynoid species (Polychaeta) from the coasts of Norway and Sweden, including three new species, one new genus and one new generic name. Zoologica Scripta, 10(1): 5-13., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1981.tb00480.xBock G, Fiege D, Barnich R (2010) Revision of Hermadion Kinberg, 1856, with a redescription of Hermadion magalhaensi Kinberg, 1856, Adyte hyalina (G.O. Sars, 1873) n. comb. and Neopolynoe acanellae (Verrill, 1881) n. comb. (Polychaeta: Polynoidae). Zootaxa 2554: 45–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2554.1.4. Description Species of ''Neopolynoe'' are long-bodied scale worms with about 60–105 segments and 15 pairs of elytra. The bilobed prostomium has a pair of cephalic peaks pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopolynoe Acanellae
''Neopolynoe acanellae'' is a scale worm known from the North Atlantic Ocean at depths about 400 to 2000 m.Verrill, A.E. 1882. Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part III.Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of southern New England. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 22: 405-409 Description ''Neopolynoe acanellae'' has up to 72 segments with 15 pairs of elytra that bear marginal fringe of papillae but no color patterning. Lateral antennae are positioned ventrally on the prostomium, directly beneath the median antenna ceratophore and almost obscured in dorsal view. The notochaetae are about as thick as neurochaetae and only possess simple tips. Biology ''Neopolynoe acanellae'' has a commensal relationship with host corals of the genus Anthomastus and Acanella, as well as with sponges Sponges, the members of the phylum Porif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopolynoe Chondrocladiae
''Neopolynoe chondrocladiae'' is a scale worm known from the north-east Atlantic Ocean at depths of about 700 to 2500 m.Fauvel, Pierre. (1943). Deux polychètes nouvelles. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. (Série 2) 15(4): 200-202, in-text figure 1., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52906546 Kirkegaard JB (2001) Deep-sea polychaetes from north-west Africa, including a description of a new species of Neopolynoe (Polynoidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81: 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004003. Description ''Neopolynoe chondrocladiae'' can have up to around 94 segments with 15 pairs of elytra that bear a marginal fringe of papillae. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally to prostomium, directly beneath the median antenna. The notochaetae are distinctly thicker than the neurochaetae and possess only simple tips.Taboada S, Silva AS, Neal L, Cristobo J, Ríos P, Alvarez-Campos P, Heste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopolynoe Antarctica
''Neopolynoe antarctica'' is a scale worm known from the Magallanes Region of the South Atlantic Ocean and from the Southern Ocean south of New Zealand at depths to about 200 m.Kinberg, J. G. H. (1857). Annulater cale worms Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befal af C.A. Virgin aren 1851–1853. Zoology. 1(2): 1–32. Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser. Almquist & Wicksells. Uppsala & Stockholm Description ''Neopolynoe antarctica'' has up to 86 segments with 15 pairs of elytra. There is a grayish-brown ovate ring and faint spots along the dorsum with the rings also on the dorsal cirri and antennae. The prostomium has a pair of acute anterior projections on its anterior margin and the lateral antennae are inserted beneath (ventrally) it. The notochaetae are distinctly thicker than the neurochaetae and possess bidentate tips. Biology ''Neopolynoe antarctica'' has a commensal relationship with other tube-building polychaetes, with them hosting ''N. antarcti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopolynoe Paradoxa
''Neopolynoe paradoxa'' is a scale worm known from the North Atlantic Ocean around Norway at depths of about 70 to 1000 m.Anon ot Storm, V.1888. Direktionens Aarsberetning for 1887. Det Kongelige Norske videnskabers selskabs skrifter 886 -1887 77-90Loshamn A-A (1981) Descriptions of five polynoid species (Polychaeta) from the coasts of Norway and Sweden, including three new species, one new genus and one new generic name. Zoologica Scripta 10: 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–6409.1981.tb00480.x Description ''Neopolynoe paradoxa'' has up to 60 segments with 15 pairs of elytra that bear marginal fringe of papillae. Lateral antennae are positioned ventrally on the prostomium, directly beneath the median antenna ceratophore and almost obscured in dorsal view. The notochaetae are distinctly thicker than the neurochaetae and only possess simple tips. Biology ''Neopolynoe paradoxa'' has a commensal relationship with host coral Corals are marine invertebrates within t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polynoidae
Polynoidae is a family of marine Polychaete worms known as "scale worms" due to the scale-like elytra on the dorsal surface. Almost 900 species are currently recognised belonging to 9 subfamilies and 167 genera. They are active hunters, but generally dwell in protected environments such as under stones. The group is widely distributed from shallow intertidal waters to hadal trenches. They are the most diverse group of polychaetes in terms of genus number and second most diverse in terms of species number which is almost 8% of all segmented worm species. Description Most Polynoidae species are short and flattened, but can reach as much as 20 cm in length and 10 cm width in ''Eulagisca gigantea'' and ''Eulagisca uschakovi''. Individuals are usually covered almost entirely by elytra, which can be shed and regenerated in many species. The elytra of some species are faintly bioluminescent, and leave glowing traces around the mouthparts of their predators, making those preda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychaeta
Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm (''Arenicola marina'') and the sandworm or clam worm ''Alitta''. Polychaetes as a class are robust and widespread, with species that live in the coldest ocean temperatures of the abyssal plain, to forms which tolerate the extremely high temperatures near hydrothermal vents. Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2- to 3-cm specimen (still unclassified) observed by the robot ocean probe ''Nereus'' at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known spot in the Earth's oceans. Only 168 species (less than 2% of all polychaetes) are known from f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the World. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and North and South America to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Atlantic Ocean is divided in two parts, by the Equatorial Counter Current, with the North(ern) Atlantic Ocean and the South(ern) Atlantic Ocean split at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elytron (Annelida)
In annelids, elytra (; from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... ἔλυτρον "sheath, cover"; singular: elytron ) are shield-like scales that are attached dorsally, one pair on each of a number of alternating segments and entirely or partly cover the dorsum. Elytra are modified dorsal cirri, and their number, size, location, and ornamentation are important taxonomic characters. The basal part of the elytra is known as the elytrophore; if (as is often the case) elytra are lost their presence is indicated by the elytrophore which is still present and visible. Annelids possessing elytra are also known as "scale worms". Possession of elytra is characteristic of the annelid suborder Aphroditiformia. Gallery File:Eunoe leiotentaculata lower res.jpg, A '' Eunoe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prostomium
The prostomium (From Ancient Greek, meaning "before the mouth"; plural: prostomia; sometimes also called the "acron") is the cephalized first body segment in an annelid worm's body at the anterior end. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. The prostomium together with the peristomium, which includes the mouth and pharynx, make up the annelid head. Description The prostomium is part of the head and holds at least part of the brain and often bears sensory structures such as the eyes, antennae and palps. It may function like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. The prostomium bears many important taxonomic characters and its shape and composition are important for annelid systematics. In addition to the eyes, antennae and palps, the prostomium can possess appendages such as tentacles or cirri. Moreover, some polychaete prostomia have a posterior extension or ridge with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapodium
In invertebrates, the term parapodium ( Gr. ''para'', beyond or beside + ''podia'', feet; plural: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae. In several groups of sea snails and sea slugs, 'parapodium' refers to lateral fleshy protrusions. __TOC__ Annelid parapodia Most species of polychaete annelids have paired, fleshy parapodia which are segmentally arranged along the body axis. Parapodia vary greatly in size and form, reflecting a variety of functions, such as gas exchange, anchorage, protection and locomotion. General description Parapodia in polychaetes can be uniramous (consisting of one lobe or ramus) but are usually biramous (two lobes or rami). In the latter case, the dorsal lobes are called notopodia and the ventral lobes neuropodia. Both neuropodia and notopodia may possess a bundle of chaetae (neurochaetae and notochaet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaeta
A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods). Polychaete annelids, ('polychaeta' literally meaning "many bristles") are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. The chaetae are epidermal extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best studied structures in these animals. Use in taxonomy and identification The ultrastructure of chaetae is fundamentally similar for all taxa but there is vast diversity in chaetal morphology. Moreover, chaetae bear precise characters for determination of species and taxonomic assessment. The shape, absolute and relative size, number, position, ornamentation and type are important taxonomic characters a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllodocida
Phyllodocida is an order of polychaete worms in the subclass Aciculata. These worms are mostly marine, though some are found in brackish water. Most are active benthic creatures, moving over the surface or burrowing in sediments, or living in cracks and crevices in bedrock. A few construct tubes in which they live and some are pelagic, swimming through the water column. There are estimated to be more than 4,600 accepted species in the order. Characteristics Phyllodocida are segmented worms and range in size from a few millimetres long to over a metre. Each segment bears a pair of paddle-like parapodia. The prostomium generally has one or two pairs of eyes, a dorsal pair of antennae, a ventral pair of sensory palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment. There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
