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Nederlandse Landwacht
The Nederlandse Landwacht was a Dutch paramilitary organization founded by the German occupation forces in Holland on November 12, 1943. It should not be confused with the military volunteer corps 'Landwacht Nederland', which was established in March 1943 and renamed 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland, Landstorm Nederland in October, and which became part of the Waffen-SS. Characteristics and conduct The Landwacht was first seen on the street in March 1944. The Landwacht mostly was made up of National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands, Dutch National Socialist movement (NSB) members equipped with shotguns. The populace nicknamed them the "Jan-Hagel", Dutch slang for a rabble but also related to the Dutch word for a shotgun (hagelgeweer). The Landwacht was mainly used to guard buildings, check identity cards, and carry out arrests, house searches, and raids. They did not wear a uniform initially, but were identified by a red bracelet. The Landwacht was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland
The 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland" (german: 34. SS-Freiwilligen Grenadier-Division "Landstorm Nederland")Official designation in German language as to „Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv“ in Freiburg im Breisgau, stores of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS. was a division in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was formed by converting the SS Volunteer Brigade Landstorm Nederland into a division. It comprised volunteers of Dutch background and saw action on the Western Front, but its strength never reached more than a brigade. The unit fought various actions of the Eastern and Western fronts. It took part in fighting in the Netherlands, then Pomerania, and then on the Seelow heights. In the latter action, Panzerjagdbrigade "Dora", equipped with Jagdtigers was attached to the formation, and both were destroyed attempting counterattacks. Commanders * Martin Kohlroser (5 November 1944 – 8 May 1945) See also *List of German divisions i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanic SS
The Germanic SS () was the collective name given to paramilitary and political organisations established in parts of German-occupied Europe between 1939 and 1945 under the auspices of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). The units were modeled on the '' Allgemeine SS'' in Nazi Germany and established in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway whose populations were considered in Nazi ideology to be especially "racially suitable". They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the Gestapo, ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD), and other departments of the German Reich Security Main Office. Establishment The Nazi idea behind co-opting additional Germanic people into the SS stems to a certain extent from the '' Völkisch'' belief that the original Aryan-Germanic homeland rested in Scandinavia and that, in a racial-ideological sense, people from there or the neighbouring northern European regions were a human reservoir of Nordic/Germanic blood. Conquest of Western Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driebergen
Driebergen is a former village and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is first mentioned as Thriberghen in 1159. The former municipality of Driebergen existed until 1931, when it merged with Rijsenburg, to create the new municipality of Driebergen-Rijsenburg.Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, "Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten", KNAW, 2006. In later years, due to growth of the villages of Driebergen and Rijsenburg, the villages themselves also merged, to become the single town of Driebergen-Rijsenburg. Since 2006, Driebergen-Rijsenburg has been part of the new municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug. Transport *Driebergen-Zeist railway station Driebergen-Zeist is a railway station located between Driebergen-Rijsenburg and Zeist, Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug. The station was opened on 17 June 1844 and is located on the Amsterdam–Arnhem railway. ... References External links * Former populated places in the Nethe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
Karl Eberhard Schöngarth (22 April 1903 – 16 May 1946) was a German SS officer during the Nazi era. He was a war criminal who perpetrated mass murder and genocide in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. After the war, Schöngarth and six others were tried for murdering a single downed Allied pilot, Americo S. Galle, in 1944. They were all found guilty. Five of them, including Schöngarth, were sentenced to death. They were all executed in 1946. Early life Karl Georg Schöngarth was born on 22 April 1903 in Leipzig, Germany. His father was a master brewer. Schöngarth began high school at the age of 11, but soon dropped out in order to work at a garden center to support the war effort. On 7 March 1918 Schöngarth was awarded a “Young Men's Iron Medal”. After the war, he was to go back to high school to complete his education, but instead joined a Freikorps paramilitary group in Thuringia. This eventually led to Schöngarth joining a local Nazi group in Erfurt on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicherheitsdienst
' (, ''Security Service''), full title ' (Security Service of the ''Reichsführer-SS''), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence organization and the Gestapo (formed in 1933) was considered its sister organization through the integration of SS members and operational procedures. The SD was administered as an independent SS office between 1933 and 1939. That year, the SD was transferred over to the Reich Security Main Office (''Reichssicherheitshauptamt''; RSHA), as one of its seven departments. Its first director, Reinhard Heydrich, intended for the SD to bring every single individual within the Third Reich's reach under "continuous supervision". Following Germany's defeat in World War II, the tribunal at the Nuremberg trials officially declared that the SD was a criminal organisation, along with the rest of Heydrich's RSHA (including the Gestapo) both individually and as branch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanns Albin Rauter
Johann Baptist Albin Rauter (4 February 1895 – 24 March 1949) was a high-ranking Austrian-born SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He was the highest SS and Police Leader in the occupied Netherlands and therefore the leading security and police officer there during the period of 1940–1945. Rauter reported directly to the Nazi SS chief, Heinrich Himmler, and also to the Nazi governor of the Netherlands, Arthur Seyss-Inquart. After World War II, he was convicted in the Netherlands of crimes against humanity and executed by firing squad. Early life and career Born in Klagenfurt, Rauter graduated from High school in 1912 and started training as an Engineer at the Graz University of Technology. At the outbreak of World War I Rauter volunteered for service in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He served with a ''Gebirgsschützenregiment'' and was discharged in 1919, having reached the rank of Oberleutnant. Rauter took part in the Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waffen-SS
The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and unoccupied lands. The grew from three regiments to over 38 division (military), divisions during World War II, and served alongside the German Army (Wehrmacht), German Army (''Heer''), ''Ordnungspolizei'' (uniformed police) and other security units. Originally, it was under the control of the (SS operational command office) beneath Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS. With the start of World War II, tactical control was exercised by the (OKW, "High Command of the Armed Forces"), with some units being subordinated to (Command Staff Reichsführer-SS) directly under Himmler's control. Initially, in keeping with the racial policy of Nazi Germany, membership was open only to people of Germanic origin (so-called "Nazi racial theor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Seyss-Inquart
Arthur Seyss-Inquart (German: Seyß-Inquart, ; 22 July 1892 16 October 1946) was an Austrian Austrian National Socialism, Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria in 1938 for two days before the ''Anschluss''. His positions in Nazi Germany included "deputy governor to Hans Frank in the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), General Government of Occupied Poland, and ''Reichskommissar, Reich commissioner'' for the German-occupied Netherlands" including shared responsibility "for the The Holocaust in the Netherlands, deportation of Dutch Jews and the shooting of hostages". During World War I, Seyss-Inquart fought for the Austro-Hungarian Army with distinction. After the war he became a successful lawyer, and went on to join the governments of Chancellor of Austria, Chancellors Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. In 1938, Schuschnigg resigned in the face of a German invasion, and Seyss-Inquart was appointed his successor. The newly installed Nazis proceeded to transfer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornelis Van Geelkerken
Cornelis "Kees" van Geelkerken (''Van'' in isolation: . 19 March 1901 – 29 March 1976) was a Dutch fascist political leader and Nazi collaborator. Van Geelkerken was born in 1901 to a Dutch family in Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, Belgium, and grew up in Utrecht. He gravitated toward fascism in the 1920s while working as a municipal employee in Zeist and Utrecht. Van Geelkerken co-founded the far-right National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) with Anton Mussert in 1931. He was made the leader of the ''Nationale Jeugdstorm'', the party's youth corps. In 1943, during the German occupation of the Netherlands, Van Geelkerken was appointed Inspector-General of the '' Nederlandse Landwacht'', a collaborationist paramilitary created by the Germans to combat the Dutch resistance. He was expelled from the NSB in early 1945 after a falling out with Mussert. After the war, he was tried in the ''Bijzonder Gerechtshof'' ("Special Court of Justice") and sentenced to life imprisonment, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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