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Nawazish Muhammad Khan
Nawazish Muhammad Khan ( fa, ; died 1755), also known as Mirza Muhammad Raza, was a Mughal aristocrat and the deputy governor of Dhaka in the 18th century. Biography Mirza Muhammad Raza was the son of Haji Ahmad, the elder brother of Alivardi Khan. Raza's paternal grandfather Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either Arab or Turkic descent, was the son of a foster-brother of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Raza had two brothers, Sayed Ahmed Khan and Mirza Muhammad Hashim. Career Nawazish Muhammad Khan had arrived at the Bengal Subah accompanied by his father Haji Ahmad and uncle Alivardi Khan. He worked under his cousin Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, the Naib Nazim of Orissa, as a petty officer. After Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan became Nawab of Bengal, Nawazish was made the paymaster of the Nawab's army. He was also made the superintendent of customs based in Murshidabad. After Alivardi Khan became the Nawab of Bengal, Nawazish was appointed Dewan of crown lands. He was also nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murshidabad
Murshidabad fa, مرشد آباد (, or ) is a historical city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located on the eastern bank of the Bhagirathi River, a distributary of the Ganges. It forms part of the Murshidabad district. During the 18th century, Murshidabad was a prosperous city. It was the capital of the Bengal Subah in the Mughal Empire for seventy years, with a jurisdiction covering modern-day Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It was the seat of the hereditary Nawab of Bengal and the state's treasury, revenue office and judiciary. Bengal was the richest Mughal province. Murshidabad was a cosmopolitan city. Its population peaked at 10,000 in the 1750s. It was home to wealthy banking and merchant families from different parts of the Indian subcontinent and wider Eurasia, including the Jagat Seth and Armenians. European companies, including the British East India Company, the French East India Company, the Dutch East India Compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dewan
''Dewan'' (also known as ''diwan'', sometimes spelled ''devan'' or ''divan'') designated a powerful government official, minister, or ruler. A ''dewan'' was the head of a state institution of the same name (see Divan). Diwans belonged to the elite families in the history of Mughal and post-Mughal India and held high posts within the government. Etymology The word is Persian in origin and was loaned into Arabic. The original meaning was "bundle (of written sheets)", hence "book", especially "book of accounts," and hence "office of accounts," "custom house," "council chamber". The meaning of the word, ''divan'' "long, cushioned seat" is due to such seats having been found along the walls in Middle Eastern council chambers. It is a common surname among Sikhs in Punjab. Council The word first appears under the Caliphate of Omar I (A.D. 634–644). As the Caliphate state became more complicated, the term was extended over all the government bureaus. The ''divan of the Sublime P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarfaraz Khan
Sarfarāz Khān ( bn, সরফরাজ খান, fa, ; c. 1700 – 29 April 1740), born ''Mīrza Asadullāh'', was a Nawab of Bengal. Sarfaraz Khan's maternal grandfather, Nawab Murshid Quli Khan of Bengal (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa) nominated him as the direct heir to him as there was no direct heir. After Murshid Quli's death in 1727, Sarfaraz ascended to the ''Masnad'' (throne) of the Nawab. Sarfaraz's father, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, then the ''Subahdar'' of Orissa, getting to know it arrived at Murshidabad, the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal with a huge army. To avoid a conflict in the family the dowager ''Begum'' of the Nawab asked Shuja-ud-Din to ascend to the ''Masnad'' after Sarfaraz abdicated in favour of his father. However, circumstances led Shuja-ud-Din to nominate Sarfaraz as his heir and after Shuja-us-Din's death in 1739, Sarfaraz Khan again ascended to the ''Masnad'' as the Nawab of Bengal (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa). Early life and succession Born Mirza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar Gosain II
Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (unit), a unit of pressure * BAR domain, a protein domain * Bar stock, of metal * Sandbar Computing * Bar (computer science), a placeholder * Base Address Register in PCI * Bar, a mobile phone form factor * Bar, a type of graphical control element Law * Bar (law), the legal profession * Bar association * Bar examination Media and entertainment * ''Bar'' (Croatian TV series) * Bar (Czech TV series) * Bar (dance), Turkey * Bar (music), a segment * Bar (Polish TV series) * Bar (Slovenian TV series) * '' Bay Area Reporter'', a newspaper * '' Biblical Archaeology Review'', a magazine Places * Bar (Martian crater) * Bar, Rutog County, Tibet, China * Bar (river), France * Bar, Corrèze, France, a commune * Bar-le-Duc, France, a commune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaintia Kingdom
The Jaintia Kingdom was a matrilineal kingdom in present-day Bangladesh's Sylhet Division and India's Meghalaya state. It was partitioned into three in 630 AD by Raja Guhak for his three sons, into the Jaintia Kingdom, Gour Kingdom and Laur Kingdom. It was annexed by the British East India Company in 1835. All the Khasi (Pnar) Rajahs of the Jaintiapur Kingdom are from the Syiem Sutnga clan, a Pnar clan of the Khasi tribe which claims descent from Ka Li Dohkha, a divine nymph. Etymology One theory says that the word "Jaintia" is derived the shrine of Jayanti Devi or Jainteswari, an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Durga. Another theory says that the name is derived via Pnar (the language of the rulers) from ''Sutnga'', a settlement in the modern day Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. The Pnars (also called Jaintia by outsiders) and War, speak Mon-Khmer languages that are related to Khasi. Extent The Jaintia Kingdom extended from the east of the Shillong Plateau of present- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syed Murtaza Ali
Syed Murtaza Ali (1 July 1902 – 9 August 1981) was a Bangladeshi writer. He was the elder brother of writer and linguist Syed Mujtaba Ali. He is noted for his works relating to the histories of Chittagong, Sylhet and Jaintia. Background and education Ali's ancestral residence was at Uttarsur, Habiganj District. His father, Khan Bahadur Sikandar Ali, was a Sub-Registrar. He traced his paternal descent from Shah Ahmed Mutawakkil, a local holy man and a Syed of Taraf, though apparently unrelated to the region's ruling Syed dynasty. Ali's mother, Amtul Mannan Khatun, was a Chowdhury of Bahadurpur, an Islamised branch of the Pal family of Panchakhanda. Ali passed his matriculation examination from Sylhet Government School in 1921 and passed his ISc from Murari Chand College in 1923. He earned his bachelor's in Physics from Presidency College, Calcutta. Career In 1926, he became the Magistrate of Maulvi Bazar subdivision. He was Sub-divisional Officer in 1940. Later he became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amina Begum
Amina Begum ( bn, আমিনা বেগম, fa, ) was a Bengali aristocrat from the Nawab family of Bengal and mother of Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal. Early life and background Amina Begum was the youngest daughter of Nawab Alivardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, and Princess Sharfunnisa, the paternal aunt of Mir Jafar. Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either Arab or Turkic descent, the son of a foster-brother of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Her paternal grandmother belonged to the Turkic Afshar tribe of Khorasan. Through her, she was a relative of Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, the two having shared a common ancestor in Nawab Aqil Khan. She married Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan, who was appointed as the Naib Nazim (governor) of Patna by her father, Nawab Alivardi Khan. They had two sons, Ikram ud-Daulah and Siraj ud-Daulah. Later life In contrast to her elder sister Ghaseti Begum, Amina Begum was not very much involved in polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University (abbreviated as AMU) is a Public University, public Central University (India), central university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act. It has three off-campus centres in AMU Malappuram Campus (Kerala), AMU Murshidabad centre (West Bengal), and Kishanganj Centre (Bihar). The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance as declared under seventh schedule of the Constitution of India at its commencement. The university has been ranked 801–1000 in the ''QS World University Rankings'' of 2021, and 10 among universities in India by the ''National Institutional Ranking Framework'' in 2021. Various clubs and societies function under the aegis of the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jami Mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (, ''masjid jāmi‘'', or simply: , ''jāmi‘''; ), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (, ''jāmi‘ kabir''; ), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as ''jumu'ah''.* * * * * * * * * It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no ''musalla'' or ''eidgah'' available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. Etymology The full Arabic term for this kind of mosque is ''masjid jāmi‘'' (), which is typically translated as "mosque of congregation" or "congregational mosque". "Congregational" is used to translate ''jāmi‘'' (), which comes from the Arabic root "ج - م - ع" which has a meaning ‘to bring together’ or ‘to unify’ (verbal form: and ). In Arabic, the term is typically simplifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Language
Bengali ( ), generally known by its endonym Bangla (, ), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia. It is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and the second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India. With approximately 300 million native speakers and another 37 million as second language speakers, Bengali is the List of languages by number of native speakers, fifth most-spoken native language and the List of languages by total number of speakers, seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world. Bengali is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language. Bengali is the official language, official and national language of Bangladesh, with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. Within India, Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam. It is also a second official lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farsi
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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