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National Trust Party (Iran)
National Trust Party ( fa, حزب اعتماد ملی, Ḥezb-e Eʿtemād-e Mellī, also translated as National Confidence Party) is an Iranian political party based on reformist and populist message. It was established in 2005 by former Parliament speaker Mehdi Karroubi following his defeat in 2005 presidential election. National Trust Party cooperates with the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policymaking. Platform The party has opposed dictating the state religion in Iran and called for an amendment for the constitution of Iran that would limit absolute power of Supreme leader, while endorsing Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. In foreign policy, it wants détente with the United States. The party regards itself as being committed to the political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini. Writing in ''Iranian Studies'', Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji states that the party projects a more moderate-reformist platform than the mainstream reformist current associated with Mohammad Khatami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Hazrati
Elias Hazrati (born 13 March 1961, Hashtrud) is an Iranian politician, journalist and former military officer. He served as a member of the Parliament of Iran from 1989 until 2004. He is currently editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper ''Etemad''. Career He left the army in 1984 and was elected as a member of the parliament from Rasht in 1988 Iranian legislative election, 1988 election. He was also reelected in 1992 Iranian legislative election, 1992, 1996 Iranian legislative election, 1996 and 2000 Iranian legislative election, 2000 but was not seek for reelection in 2004 Iranian legislative election, 2004 election. after reaching the 2016 Iranian legislative election, tenth parliament spoke in Islamic Association of Gilan province, Gilan Iranian Azerbaijanis, Azeris. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') was December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum, adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution has been called a "Hybrid regime, hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements". Articles One and Two vest sovereignty in God; but article Six "mandates popular elections for the presidency and the Majlis, or parliament." However, main democratic procedures and rights are subordinate to the Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader, whose powers are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107–112). History It is said that an early draft was written in Paris by Ruhollah Khomeini during his exile there before the overthrow of the Pahlavi d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
To Be Determined
To be announced (TBA), to be confirmed (TBC), to be determined or decided or declared (TBD), and other variations, are placeholder terms used very broadly in event planning to indicate that although something is scheduled or expected to happen, a particular aspect of that remains to be fixed or set. TBA versus TBC versus TBD These phrases are similar, but may be used for different degrees of indeterminacy: *To be announced (TBA) or to be declared (TBD) – details may have been determined, but are not yet ready to be announced. *To be confirmed (TBC), to be resolved (TBR), or to be provided (TBP) – details may have been determined and possibly announced, but are still subject to change prior to being finalized. *To be arranged, to be agreed (TBA), to be determined (TBD) or to be decided – the appropriateness, feasibility, location, etc. of a given event has not been decided. Other similar phrases sometimes used to convey the same meaning, and using the same abbreviations, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasoul Montajabnia
Rasoul Montajabnia ( fa, رسول منتجبنیا; born 13 July 1948 in Shiraz) is an Iranian reformist politician, jurist, vice president and founding member of the National Trust Party (Iran). He is also a former member of the Assembly of Combatant Clergymen and director of the University of jurisprudence controls. Rasoul Montajabnia was representative first three periods of parliament, head of the parliamentary defense committee Third, the representative of the Islamic Republic Imam Khomeini and the head of the national Iran police, an adviser to President Khatami, vice president of Command Seal of Command and General Staff of Defense, a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the representative of the Supreme Leader Iran's Islamic community were teachers. References External links Rasul Montajabnia's personal web site National Trust Party (Iran) politicians Living people People from Shiraz 1948 births Association of Combatant Clerics politicians Islamic Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehdi Karoubi
Mehdi Karroubi ( fa, مهدی کروبی, Mehdi Karrubi, born 26 September 1937) is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician leading the National Trust Party. Following 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house arrest in February 2011 – reportedly ordered by the Supreme Leader of Iran – without officially being charged, although he is accused of being a "seditionist" and "traitor". As of 2021, he is still confined to his house. He was the speaker of the parliament from 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a presidential candidate in the 2005 and 2009 presidential elections. He has been described as a "moderate" with a "mostly rural" base of support. Karroubi considers himself a pragmatic reformist and now is one of the leaders of the Iranian Green Movement. He is a founding member and former secretary-general of the Association of Combatant Clerics party. Karroubi is a critic of the Guardian Council and Iran's Judicial System. By appointment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executives Of Construction Party
The Executives of Construction of Iran Party ( fa, حزب کارگزاران سازندگی ایران, Hezb-e Kārgozārān-e Sāzandegi-ye Irān) is a reformist political party in Iran, founded by 16 members of the cabinet of the then President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in 1996. The party is a member of Council for coordinating the Reforms Front. Views and factions Economically, the party supports free markets and industrialization; with a high emphasis on progress and development. The party takes the view that economic freedom is fundamentally linked to cultural and political freedom, but it should not be allowed to conflict with development. The party is divided into two factions in constant struggle, the more conservative "Kermani faction" led by Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hossein Marashi and the more liberal "Isfahani faction" led by Mohammad Atrianfar and Gholamhossein Karbaschi. Members Founders The party was formed in 1996. The following sixteen people were its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mojahedin Of The Islamic Revolution Of Iran Organization
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (MIRO; fa, سازمان مجاهدین انقلاب اسلامی ایران, Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi-e Irān) is a reformist political organization in Iran. It is a small yet influential organization, and participates in political activities similar to a political party. Historian Ervand Abrahamian referred to the group as "a circle of intellectuals and technocrats radical in economic policies but relatively liberal in cultural matters." Platform The organization's platform has socialist tendencies. Its charter explicitly states that those who are in politics must be pious and the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist is the best system of governance during the occultation. According to Muhammad Sahimi, "One main weakness of the IRMO is perhaps its somewhat rigid ideological thinking. Its members view most issues, even membership in the organization, from an ideological perspective. In the author's opinio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Iran Participation Front
The Islamic Iran Participation Front ( fa, جبهه مشارکت ایران اسلامی; ''Jebheye Mosharekate Iran-e Eslaami'') was a reformist political party in Iran. It was sometimes described as the most dominant member within the 2nd of Khordad Front. The party took 189 of the 290 seats (65%) in the Sixth Majlis. In the aftermath of the Green Movement protests, its license was revoked and the party was subsequently barred from contesting elections. History and profile Founded in late 1998, the main motto of the IIPF is "Iran for all Iranians" ( fa, ایران برای همه ایرانیان). While still backing Islam, the state religion of Iran, the party is among the evangelizers of democracy in Iran. Some members of the front however belong to different factions and ideologies, as described by Saeed Hajjarian it is "''the party of between the two Abbas''" ( fa, حزب بینالعباسین, referring to the gap between right-winger Abbas Duzduzani and left-winger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Sahimi
Muhammad Sahimi ( fa, محمد سهیمی; born 22 January 1954) is a Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and holds the NIOC (National Iranian Oil Company) Chair in petroleum engineering at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles. He is also active in journalism, writing frequently on Iranian politics. Career Sahimi received his B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Tehran in 1977. After briefly working for the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), he received a scholarship from the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and travelled to the US in 1978 (where he has since remained), completing his PhD at the University of Minnesota in 1984. He then moved to the University of Southern California, becoming Chairman of his department from 1999 to 2005. Since then he has held the NIOC Chair. He has also been a visiting professor in Australia and a consultant to many industrial corporations. Political views Sahimi writes in b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Khatami
Sayyid Mohammad Khatami ( fa, سید محمد خاتمی, ; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to 1992. Later, he was critical of the government of subsequent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Little known internationally before becoming president, Khatami attracted attention during 1997 Iranian presidential election, his first election to the presidency when he received almost 70% of the vote. Khatami had run on a platform of liberalization and reform. During his election campaign, Khatami proposed the idea of Dialogue Among Civilizations as a response to Samuel P. Huntington, Samuel P. Huntington's 1992 theory of a Clash of Civilizations. The United Nations later proclaimed the year 2001 as the United Nations' ''Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations'', on Khatami's suggestion. During his two terms as president, Khatami advocated freedom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Studies (journal)
''Iranian Studies'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Iranian and Persianate history, literature, and society published by Routledge on behalf of the Association for Iranian Studies (formerly known as the International Society for Iranian Studies). It is published 6 times a year and was established in 1967. The editor-in-chief is Sussan Siavoshi. Retrieved 2020-23-07. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the MLA International Bibliography
The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is wide ...
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Political Thought And Legacy Of Ruhollah Khomeini
Khomeinism refers to the religious and political ideas of the leader of the Iranian Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini. Khomeinism also refers to the ruling clerical class of Iran after 1979. It can also be used to refer to the radicalization of segments of Shia populations of Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and the recruitment by the Iranian government of Shia minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Africa. The word Khomeinist and Khomeinists, derived from Khomeinism, are also used to describe members of Iran's clerical rulers and differentiate them from regular Shia Muslim clerics. Under Khomeini's leadership, Iran replaced its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Khomeini brought about a major paradigm shift in Shia Islam. He declared Islamic jurists the true holders of not only religious authority but political authority, who must be obeyed as "an expression of obedience to God", and whose rule has "precedence over all secondary ordinances in Islam such as pray ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
