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Islamic Iran Participation Front
The Islamic Iran Participation Front ( fa, جبهه مشارکت ایران اسلامی; ''Jebheye Mosharekate Iran-e Eslaami'') was a reformist political party in Iran. It was sometimes described as the most dominant member within the 2nd of Khordad Front. The party took 189 of the 290 seats (65%) in the Sixth Majlis. In the aftermath of the Green Movement protests, its license was revoked and the party was subsequently barred from contesting elections. History and profile Founded in late 1998, the main motto of the IIPF is "Iran for all Iranians" ( fa, ایران برای همه ایرانیان). While still backing Islam, the state religion of Iran, the party is among the evangelizers of democracy in Iran. Some members of the front however belong to different factions and ideologies, as described by Saeed Hajjarian it is "''the party of between the two Abbas''" ( fa, حزب بینالعباسین, referring to the gap between right-winger Abbas Duzduzani and left-winger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohsen Mirdamadi
Mohsen Mirdamadi ( fa, محسن میردامادی, born 1955 in Najafabad, Isfahan) is an Iranian academic and politician. He is the Deputy Secretary General of "Ettehad-e Mellat", the largest pro-reform political party in Iran. After the 2009 Iranian Presidential Elections, he was sentenced to and put to 6 years of prison, among other leaders of reformist party. Previously, he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Iran (the 6th Majlis) from 2000 until 2004, during which time he chaired the parliament's Commission of National Security and Foreign Policy. He received his PhD from Cambridge University in 1997 in Foreign Relations. He has served in various political roles since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, including serving as the governor of Khuzestan Province in the last years of the Iran-Iraq war. He was among the organizers of the 1979 Iran hostage crisis. Biography He was among the organizers of the 1979 Iran hostage crisis. He was the governor of the bordered Khuzesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durham University
, mottoeng = Her foundations are upon the holy hills (Psalm 87:1) , established = (university status) , type = Public , academic_staff = 1,830 (2020) , administrative_staff = 2,640 (2018/19) , chancellor = Sir Thomas Allen , vice_chancellor = Karen O’Brien , city = Durham and Stockton-on-Tees , state = , country = England , campus_size = , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , free_label = Student newspaper , free = '' Palatinate'' , colours = Palatinate , endowment = £98.2 million , budget = £393.2 million , academic_affiliations = Russell Group ACU Coimbra Group EUA N8 Group Matariki Network of Universities University of the ArcticUniversities UK Virgo Consortium , sporting_affiliations = BUCS, Wallace Group , sports_free_label = Sports team , sports_free = Team Durham , website = , logo = , embedded = Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reza Khatami
Mohammad-Reza Khatami ( fa, محمدرضا خاتمی, born 1959) is an Iranian politician and nephrologist. Early life and education Khatami was born in Ardakan, Iran, in 1959. He is younger brother of former president Mohammad Khatami. Khatami is educated in medicine and before entering politics, he was a practicing nephrologist (kidney specialist) for a number of years. He is a faculty member of Tehran University of Medical sciences. Career Khatami was the first Secretary-General of the Islamic Iran Participation Front, the largest Iranian reformist party. He is now a member of the central council of the party. He is also the former deputy speaker of the Iranian parliament. He entered politics in 1997 after his brother's victory and was appointed deputy minister of health. He was elected in March 2000 for the sixth term of the Islamic Republic's parliament's election as the first representative of Tehran with 1,794,365 votes from the people of Tehran. He has also acted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary-General
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word , "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle () meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word ''secret.'' A was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.). The official title of the leader of most communist and socialist political parties is the "General Secretary of the Central Committee" or "First Secretary of the Central Committee". When a communist party is in power, the general secretary is usually the country's ''de facto'' leader (though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions to monopolize power, such as a presidency or premiership ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Abdi
Abbas Abdi (; fa, عباس عبدی; born 1 October 1956) is one of Iran's most influential reformists, journalist, self-taught sociologist and social activist. Biography Abdi was born in 1956. He studied polymer engineering at Tehran Polytechnic. He worked briefly in the foreign intelligence department of the prime minister's office of research and information, and served as the cultural deputy in the Center for Strategic Research under the president's office. He was a member of editorial board of the daily '' Salam''. Abdi was a member of central council of Iran Participation Front, and is currently the chairman of the Association of Iranian Journalists. He was the first person to storm the United States embassy in Tehran, along with other students, during the early years of the Iranian Revolution in 1979. In the following years, he became a critic of the political establishment of Iran. In 1993, he was imprisoned for eight months due to his critical writings in the reform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Duzduzani
Abbas Duzduzani ( fa, عباس دوزدوزانی) was an Iranian politician who served in Mohammad-Ali Rajai cabinet. He was a founder and a first commander of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; fa, سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enghelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution also Sepāh or Pasdaran for short) is a branch o .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Duzduzani, Abbas 1942 births 2018 deaths People from Tabriz Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps personnel of the Iran–Iraq War Deputies of Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr Government ministers of Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps officers Deputies of Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr Members of the 1st Islamic Consultative Assembly Members of the 2nd Islamic Consultative Assembly Members of the 3rd Islamic Consultative Assembly Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran politicians Chairmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saeed Hajjarian
Saeed Hajjarian ( fa, سعید حجاریان, born 1954) is an Iranian reformist political strategist, journalist, pro-democracy activist and former intelligence officer. He was a member of Tehran's city council, and advisor to president Mohammad Khatami. On 12 March 2000, he was shot in the face by an assailant and severely disabled, an act many Iranians believe was in retaliation for his help in uncovering the chain murders of Iran and his significant help to the Iranian reform movement in general, according to the BBC.Analysis: Who wanted Hajjarian dead? BBC Early life and education Hajjarian was born in neighborhood of |
Democracy
Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation (" direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy"). Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries. Features of democracy often include freedom of assembly, association, property rights, freedom of religion and speech, inclusiveness and equality, citizenship, consent of the governed, voting rights, freedom from unwarranted governmental deprivation of the right to life and liberty, and minority rights. The notion of democracy has evolved over time considerably. Throughout history, one can find evidence of direct democracy, in which communities make decisions through popular assembly. Today, the dominant form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Religion
A state religion (also called religious state or official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state. A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state), while not secular state, secular, is not necessarily a theocracy. State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the state does not need to be under the control of the religion (as in a theocracy) nor is the state-sanctioned religion necessarily under the control of the state. Official religions have been known throughout human history in almost all types of cultures, reaching into the Ancient Near East and prehistory. The relation of Cult, religious cult and the state was discussed by the Ancient Rome, ancient Latin scholar Marcus Terentius Varro, under the term of ''theologia civilis'' (). The first state-sponsored Church (congregation), Christian church was the Armenian Apostolic Church, established in 301 CE. In Christianity, as the ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009–2010 Iranian Election Protests
After incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared victory in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests broke out in major cities across Iran in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi. The protests continued until 2010, and were titled the Iranian Green Movement ( fa, جنبش سبز ''Jonbesh-e Sabz'') by their proponents, reflecting Mousavi's campaign theme, and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) Protests began on the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President (government title), President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won nearly 63 percent of the vote, despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, with Rezaee and Mousavi lodging official complaints. Mousavi announced he "won't surrender to this manipula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The most recent election took place on 21 February 2020 and the new parliament convened on 28 May 2020. History Islamic Republic of Iran After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and was effectively replaced by the Guardian Council thus the Iranian legislature remained bicameral. In the 1989 revision of the constitution, the ''National Consultative Assembly'' became the ''Islamic Consultative Assembly''. The Parliament of Iran has had six chairmen since the Iranian Revolution. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was the first chairman, from 1980 to 1989. Then came Mehdi Karroubi (1989– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council For Coordinating The Reforms Front
The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front or the Reformist Front Coordination Council ( fa, شورای هماهنگی جبهه اصلاحات) is the umbrella organization, coalition and council of main political groups within the Iranian reform movement. Since 2015, it is overseen by the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policy-making. Formation On 13 November 1999, eighteen groups came together to form the "Council for coordinating of 2nd of Khordad Front" ( fa, شورای هماهنگی جبهه دوم خرداد) with the aim of laying down a unified reformist strategy. The coalitions's namesake, 2nd of Khordad, corresponds to 23 May on the Iranian calendar, is the day of Mohammed Khatami's landslide victory in the 1997 presidential election. The 18 groups were later nicknamed "2nd of Khordad Front G-18" ( fa, گروههای هیجدهگانه جبهه دوم خرداد). Loose coalition in reform era The coalition was able to gain a supermajority in the Irani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
