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Naosuke Ii
was ''daimyō'' of Hikone (1850–1860) and also Tairō of the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858, until his death, assassinated in the Sakuradamon Incident on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony, in the Sekishūryū style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony. Under Ii Naosuke’s guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa shogunate to the last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the Meiji period. Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamon incident by a group of 17 Mito and 1 Satsuma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hikone Domain
was a '' fudai'' feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in eastern Ōmi Province, in the Kansai region of central Honshu. The domain was centered at Hikone Castle, located in what is now the city of Hikone in Shiga Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Ii clan. History Ii Naomasa, one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's closest advisors and most capable generals, was ''daimyō'' of Takasaki Domain with a ''kokudaka'' of 120,000 ''koku''. This was increased to 180,000 ''koku'' after the Battle of Sekigahara, and he was transferred to Sawayama Castle, on the shores of Lake Biwa, which was the former home domain of Ishida Mitsunari. The domain was thus originally named . Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric. (2005). "Ii Naomasa" in Ii Naomasa disliked living at Sawayama as it had been the home of his enemy, and planned the construction of a new castle, Hikone Castle, but died before it could be completed. His successor, Ii Naokatsu, completed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura period, shoguns were themselves figureheads, with real power in hands of the Shikken of the Hōjō clan. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, though over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. The title was originally held by military commanders during Heian period in the eighth and ninth centuries. When Minamoto no Yoritomo gained political ascendency over Japan in 1185, the title was revived to regularize his position, making him the first shogun in the usually understood sense. The shogun's officials were collectively referred to as the ; they were the ones who carried out the actual duties of administration, while the Imperial court retained only nominal authority.Beasley, William G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Kōmei
was the 121st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 (121)/ref> Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999) ''Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit'', p. 186./ref> During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of Japan's first major contact with the United States, which occurred under Commodore Perry in 1853 and 1854, and the subsequent forced re-opening of Japan to western nations, ending a 220-year period of national seclusion. Emperor Kōmei did not care much for anything foreign, and he opposed opening Japan to Western powers. His reign would continue to be dominated by insurrection and partisan conflicts eventually culminating in the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate shortly after his death and the Meiji Restoration in the beginning of the reign of his son and successor Emperor Meiji. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Nariaki
Tokugawa Nariaki (徳川 斉昭, April 4, 1800 – September 29, 1860) was a prominent Japanese ''daimyō'' who ruled the Mito Domain (now Ibaraki Prefecture) and contributed to the rise of nationalism and the Meiji Restoration. Biography Clan leader Nariaki was the 3rd son of Tokugawa Harutoshi, the seventh-generation ''daimyō'' of Mito. The family headship first passed to Harutoshi's eldest son Narinobu, before being passed on to Nariaki in 1829. Nariaki was also leader of the '' Jōi'' (expel the barbarian) party and made a Bakufu adviser on national defence. His childhood name was Torasaburo (虎三郎) later changed to Keisaburo (敬三郎). Bakufu official Nariaki was put in charge of Bakufu efforts to defend the country against encroaching foreigners. His own view was that the bakufu should strengthen its military and fight the foreigners, and was at odds with Ii Naosuke on the issue. He was pro-emperor and favored imperial restoration. Nariaki also greatly expand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitotsubashi Keiki
Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned of his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming at keeping some political influence. After these efforts failed following the defeat at the battle of Toba-Fushimi in early 1868, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the public eye for the rest of his life. Early life Tokugawa Yoshinobu was born in Edo as the seventh son of Tokugawa Nariaki, ''daimyō'' of Mito. Mito was one of the ''gosanke'', the three branch families of the Tokugawa clan which were eligible to be chosen as ''shōgun''. His birth name was Matsudaira Shichirōmaro (七郎麻呂) His mother, Princess Arisugawa Yoshiko, was a member of the Arisugawa-no-miya, a cadet branch of the imperial family; through her, he was a third cousin (once removed) of the then-Emperor Ninkō. Shichirōmaro was brought up under stric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosankyō
The were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan. They were descended from the eighth of the fifteen Tokugawa shōguns, Yoshimune (1684–1751). Yoshimune established the ''Gosankyo'' to augment (or perhaps to replace) the ''Gosanke'', the heads of the powerful ''han'' (fiefs) of Owari, Kishū, and Mito. Two of his sons, together with the second son of his successor Ieshige, established the Tayasu, Hitotsubashi, and Shimizu branches of the Tokugawa. Unlike the ''Gosanke'', they did not rule a ''han''. Still, they remained prominent until the end of Tokugawa rule, and some later shōguns were chosen from the Hitotsubashi line. Heads of Gosankyo Tayasu House 田安家 # Munetake (1716–1771, r. 1731–1771) # Haruaki (1753–1774, r. 1771–1774) # Narimasa (1779–1846, r. 1787–1836) # Naritaka (1810–1845, r. 1836–1839) # Yoshiyori (1828–1876, r. 1839–1863) # Takachiyo (1860–1865, r. 1863–1865) # Kamenosuke (1863–1940, r. 1865–1868) # Yoshiyori (2n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Townsend Harris
Townsend Harris (October 4, 1804 – February 25, 1878) was an American merchant and politician who served as the first United States Consul General to Japan. He negotiated the "Harris Treaty" between the US and Japan and is credited as the diplomat who first opened Shogunate Japan to foreign trade and culture in the Edo period. He was portrayed by John Wayne in the 1958 historical adventure drama film ''The Barbarian and the Geisha.'' In New York Harris was born in the village of Sandy Hill (now Hudson Falls), in Washington County in upstate New York. He moved early to New York City, where he became a successful merchant and importer from China. In 1846 Harris joined the New York City Board of Education, serving as its president until 1848. He was an avid and critical reader and also taught himself French, Italian and Spanish. He founded the Free Academy of the City of New York, which later became the City College of New York, to provide education to the city's workin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinpan
was a class of ''daimyō'' in the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan who were certain relatives of the ''Shōgun''. While all ''shinpan'' were relatives of the ''shōgun'', not all relatives of the shōgun were ''shinpan''; an example of this is the Matsudaira clan of the Okutono Domain. Non-''daimyō'' relatives, such as the ''Gosankyō'', were also known as ''kamon'' – thus the ''shinpan'' lords were alternatively known as ''kamon daimyō'' (家門大名). ''Shinpan'' included the Gosanke, the Matsudaira clan of Aizu and the Matsudaira clan of the Fukui Domain. See also * ''Fudai daimyō'' * ''Tozama daimyō'' References * Japanese Wiki article on Shinpan (15 September 2007) Further reading *Totman, Conrad. (1967). ''Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600–1843''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ii Naosuke Portrait By Ii Naoyasu
II is the Roman numeral for 2. II may also refer to: Biology and medicine *Image intensifier, medical imaging equipment *Invariant chain, a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II protein *Optic nerve, the second cranial nerve Economics * Income inequality, or the wealth gap, in economics * Internationalization Index, used by the UN to rank nations and companies in evaluating their degree of integration with the world economy * ''Institutional Investor'' (magazine), an American finance magazine Music * Supertonic, in music * ''ii'', a 2018 song by CHVRCHES Albums * ''II'' (2 Unlimited album), 1998 * ''II'' (Aquilo album), 2018 * ''II'' (Bad Books album), 2012 * ''II'' (Boyz II Men album), 1994 * ''II'' (Capital Kings album), 2015 * ''II'' (Charade album), 2004 * ''II'' (The Common Linnets album), 2015 * ''II'' (Compact Disco album), 2011 * ''II'' (Cursed album), 2005 * ''II'' (Darna album), 2003 * ''II'' (Espers album), 2006 * ''II'' (Fuzz albu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matsudaira Yoritoshi
(September 6, 1834 – October 17, 1903) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period, who ruled the Takamatsu Domain. Yoritoshi was the son-in-law of Ii Naosuke. His court title was '' Sanuki no kami''. Yoritoshi was adopted as heir to Matsudaira Yoritane, the incumbent lord of Takamatsu, in 1853, and succeeded Yoritane as lord in 1861. Under his leadership, Takamatsu forces supported the security operations of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Kyoto area. During the Kinmon Incident, Takamatsu troops helped defend the imperial palace. His forces took part in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, and in response, the imperial court stripped him of rank and title. Yoritoshi then put himself under domiciliary confinement, and had a senior retainer executed; this led to an imperial pardon. Yoritoshi became a count (''hakushaku'') in the kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotta Masayoshi
was the 5th Hotta ''daimyō'' of the Sakura Domain in the Japanese Edo period, who served as chief ''rōjū'' in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa shogunate, where he played an important role in the negotiations of the Ansei Treaties with various foreign powers.Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Hotta Masayoshi" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Early life Hotta Masayoshi was the younger son of the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Sakura, Hotta Masatoki, and was born at the domain's Edo residence. On the death of his father in 1811, he was adopted by his elder brother, the 4th daimyo of Sakura, Hotta Masachika, to secure the family succession. Masachika was of sickly physique and by 1824 there was a movement by the senior line of the Hotta clan to have him removed from office, and replaced by the son of Hotta Masatsu, the daimyo of Katada Domain and a ''wakadoshiyori'' in the government. This was str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
