|
Nadhim Kzar
Nadhim Kzar was the first head of the Iraqi Directorate of General Security. History He joined the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region in the 1950s as a student and was one of the first Shia to hold a position of power in the regime. He was briefly imprisoned by Abdul Salam Arif in 1964/5. In 1969 he was appointed head of Directorate of General Security. He has been credited with invigorating an organisation that was failing after ten (1958–1968) years of army control yet he was despised for his sadism and his habit of conducting interrogations personally, usually involving torture. He is reputed to have personally beaten to death Islamic scholar and government opponent Abd al-Aziz al-Badri. Attempted coup In July 1973, allegedly motivated by the dominance of Sunnis in Iraq, he led an unsuccessful coup against President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. He took hostage the minister of interior Sa'adiun Gheidan and minister of defense Hamid Shehab. He had intended to assassinate Bakr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of General Security
The Directorate of General Security (DGS) also called Internal State Security, مديرية الأمن العام, secret policeHiltermann, Joost. ''Bureaucracy of Repression: The Iraqi Government in Its Own Words''. Human Rights Watch, 1994. Retrieved January 27, 2007. or some variation thereof ( ar, al-Amn al-‘Amm or simply Amn) was a domestic Iraqi intelligence agency. History The DGS was founded in 1921 during the Iraqi monarchy, and it operated under the Ministry of the Interior until 1968. Its police and army officers were charged with the "general security of the state and its property", which included the use of torture and monitoring of dissent.Hiro, Dilip. ''Neighbors, Not Friends: Iraq and Iran After the Gulf Wars''. Routledge, 2004. p. 54–55 Kzar coup Nadhim Kzar was named director by Saddam Hussein in 1969 after the DGS had deteriorated under 10 years (1958–1968) of army rule.al-Khalil, Samir. ''Republic of Fear: The Inside Story of Saddam's Iraq''. New York ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
, native_name_lang = ar , colorcode = , governing_body = Regional Command , leader1_title = Secretary , leader1_name = Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed , headquarters = Baghdad, Iraq , newspaper = ''Al-Thawra'' , founders = Fuad al-RikabiSa'dun Hammadi , founded = Late 1940s * Sheffer, Gabriel; Ma'oz, Moshe (2002). ''Middle Eastern Minorities and Diasporas''. Sussex Academic Press. p. 174. . * * Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. (2004). ''Historical Dictionary of Iraq''. The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. p. 194. . or early 1950s * Polk, William Roe (2006). ''Understanding Iraq: A Whistlestop Tour from Ancient Babylon to Occupied Baghdad''. I.B. Tauris. p. 109. . * Sheffer, Gabriel; Ma'oz, Moshe (2002). ''Middle Eastern Minorities and Diasporas''. Sussex Academic Press. p. 174. . * , wing1_title = , wing1 = National Guard Popular Army , wing2_title = Militant groups , wing2 = Al-Awda, SCJL, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his Succession to Muhammad, successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imamah (Shia doctrine), Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Companions of the Prophet, Muhammad's other companions (''ṣaḥāba'') at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, Sunnī Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before Death of Muhammad, his death and consider Abu Bakr, Abū Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first Rashidun, rightful (''rāshidūn'') caliph after Muhammad. Adherents of Shīʿa Islam are c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Salam Arif
ʿAbd al-Salam Mohammed ʿArif al-Jumayli ( ar, عبد السلام محمد عارف الجميلي'; 21 March 1921 – 13 April 1966) was the second president of Iraq from 1963 until his death in a plane crash in 1966. He played a leading role in the 14 July Revolution, in which the Hashemite monarchy was overthrown on 14 July 1958. 1958 coup and conflict with Qasim Along with Abdel Karim Qasim and other Iraqi military officers, Arif was a member of the clandestine organisation, the Free Officers of Iraq. Like Qasim, Arif served with distinction in the otherwise unsuccessful 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict, where he captured Jenin in what is now the West Bank part of Palestine. During the summer of 1958, Prime Minister Nuri as-Sa'id ordered Iraqi troops under Arif to aid Jordan, as part of an agreement of the Arab Federation. Instead, however, he led his army units into Baghdad and on 14 July launched a coup against the Hashemite monarchy. Qasim formed a government under the newl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Aziz Al-Badri
Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd al-Latif ibn Ahmed ibn Abd al-Mawla ibn Mustafa ibn Zahir ibn Othman ibn Dawlah ibn Muhammad ibn Badr (1929 – 1969) was an Iraqi Islamic scholar. He was one of the founders of the Iraqi branch of Hizb ut-Tahrir and later their leader in Iraq. He was a distant relative of future Islamic State leader Ibrahim al-Badri al-Samarrai (Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi). History He was born in Baghdad in 1929. He studied Islam under various scholars including Amjad az-Zahaawi, Muhammad al-Qazlaji and Shaykh Abdul-Qaadir al-Khateeb. He became Imaam in the Soor Masjid in 1949 and at the Khafafeen mosque in 1950. In the early 1950s, the international leadership of Hizb ut-Tahrir decided to create a branch in Iraq and approached several Islamic figures in Iraq including Abd al-Aziz. Abd al-Aziz later traveled to Jordan and met with Hizb ut-Tahrir founder Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani and returned to Iraq to form a Hizb ut-Tahrir branch. He approached the Iraqi government seeking to regis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Hassan Al-Bakr
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr ' (1 July 1914 – 4 October 1982) was the fourth president of Iraq, from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and later the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organisation Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region (the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch), which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism. Al-Bakr first rose to prominence after the 14 July Revolution, which overthrew the monarchy. In the newly established government, he was involved in improving Iraqi–Soviet relations. In 1959 al-Bakr was forced to resign from the Iraqi military; the then Iraqi government accused him of anti-government activities. Following his forced retirement, he became the chairman of the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch's Military Bureau. Through this office he recruited members to the Ba'athist cause through patronage and cronyism. Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim was overthrown in the Ramad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council
The Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council was established after the military coup in 1968, and was the ultimate decision-making body in Iraq before the American-led invasion in 2003. It exercised both executive and legislative authority in the country, with the Chairman and Vice Chairman chosen by a two-thirds majority of the council. The Chairman was also then declared the President of Iraq and he was then allowed to select a Vice President. After Saddam Hussein became President of Iraq in 1979 the council was led by deputy chairman Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, and Taha Yassin Ramadan, who had known Saddam since the 1960s. The legislature was composed of the RCC, the National Assembly and a 50-member Kurdish Legislative Council which governed the country. During his presidency, Saddam was Chairman of the RCC and President of the Republic. Other members of the RCC included Salah Omar Al-Ali who held the position between 1968 and 1970, one of Sadd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izzat Ibrahim Al-Douri
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri ( ar, عزة إبراهيم الدوري, Izzat Ibrāhīm ad-Dūrī; 1 July 1942 – 25 October 2020) was an Iraqi politician and Army Field Marshal. He served as Vice Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq and was regarded as the closest advisor and deputy under President Saddam Hussein. He led the Iraqi insurgent Naqshbandi Army. Al-Douri was the most high-profile Ba'athist official to successfully evade capture after the invasion of Iraq, and was the king of clubs in the infamous most-wanted Iraqi playing cards. Al-Douri continued to lead elements of the Iraqi insurgency such as the Naqshbandi Army against the then-occupation forces and waged an insurgency against the current regime in Baghdad. Following the execution of Saddam Hussein on 30 December 2006, al-Douri was confirmed as the new leader of the banned Iraqi Ba'ath Party on 3 January 2007. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Intelligence Agencies
Iraqi or Iraqis (in plural) means from Iraq, a country in the Middle East, and may refer to: * Iraqi people or Iraqis, people from Iraq or of Iraqi descent * A citizen of Iraq, see demographics of Iraq * Iraqi or Araghi ( fa, عراقی), someone or something of, from, or related to Persian Iraq, an old name for a region in Central Iran * Iraqi Arabic, the colloquial form of Arabic spoken in Iraq * Iraqi cuisine * Iraqi culture *The Iraqis (party), a political party in Iraq *Iraqi List, a political party in Iraq *Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, 13th-century Persian poet and Sufi. See also * List of Iraqis * Iraqi diaspora * Languages of Iraq There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Mesopotamian Arabic (Iraqi Arabic) is by far the most widely spoken in the country. Arabic and Kurdish are both official languages in Iraq. Contemporary languages The most widely spoken language ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Shia Islam in Iraq ( ar, الشيعة في العراق) has a history going back to the times of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first imam of Shia Islam and fourth caliph of Sunni Islam who moved the capital of the early caliphate from Medina to Kufa (or Najaf) two decades after the death of Muhammad. Today, Shia Muslims make up the majority of the Iraqi population. Iraq is the location of the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, pilgrimage sites for millions of Shia Muslims. Najaf is the site of Ali's tomb, and Karbala is the site of the tomb of Muhammad's grandson, third Shia imam Husayn ibn Ali. Najaf is also a center of Shia learning and seminaries. Two other holy sites for Twelver Shia in Iraq are the Al-Kadhimiya Mosque in Baghdad, which contains the tombs of the seventh and ninth Shia Imams (Mūsā al-Kādhim and Muhammad al-Taqī) and the Al-Askari Mosque in Sāmarrā, which contains the tombs of the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-‘Askarī). After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Abdul Salam Arif")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Iraqi Shia Muslims")