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Model-free (reinforcement Learning)
In reinforcement learning (RL), a model-free algorithm (as opposed to a model-based one) is an algorithm which does not use the ''transition probability distribution'' (and the ''reward function'') associated with the Markov decision process (MDP), which, in RL, represents the problem to be solved. The transition probability distribution (or transition model) and the reward function are often collectively called the "model" of the environment (or MDP), hence the name "model-free". A model-free RL algorithm can be thought of as an "explicit" trial-and-error algorithm. An example of a model-free algorithm is Q-learning ''Q''-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the value of an action in a particular state. It does not require a model of the environment (hence "model-free"), and it can handle problems with stochastic transitions an .... Key 'Model-Free' reinforcement learning algorithms {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 96%;" !Algo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge). The environment is typically stated in the form of a Markov decision process (MDP), because many reinforcement learning algorithms for this context use dynamic programming techniques. The main difference between the classical dynamic programming methods and reinforcement learning algorithms is that the latter do not assume knowledge of an exact mathematica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trial And Error
Trial and error is a fundamental method of problem-solving characterized by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the practicer stops trying. According to W.H. Thorpe, the term was devised by C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936) after trying out similar phrases "trial and failure" and "trial and practice". Under Morgan's Canon, animal behaviour should be explained in the simplest possible way. Where behavior seems to imply higher mental processes, it might be explained by trial-and-error learning. An example is a skillful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behavior. Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it. Edward Lee Thorndike was the initiator of the theory of trial and error learning based on the findings he sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Q-learning
''Q''-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the value of an action in a particular state. It does not require a model of the environment (hence "model-free"), and it can handle problems with stochastic transitions and rewards without requiring adaptations. For any finite Markov decision process (FMDP), ''Q''-learning finds an optimal policy in the sense of maximizing the expected value of the total reward over any and all successive steps, starting from the current state. ''Q''-learning can identify an optimal action-selection policy for any given FMDP, given infinite exploration time and a partly-random policy. "Q" refers to the function that the algorithm computes – the expected rewards for an action taken in a given state. Reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning involves an agent, a set of ''states'' , and a set of ''actions'' per state. By performing an action a \in A, the agent transitions from state to state. Executing an action i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Deep or The Deep may refer to: Places United States * Deep Creek (Appomattox River tributary), Virginia * Deep Creek (Great Salt Lake), Idaho and Utah * Deep Creek (Mahantango Creek tributary), Pennsylvania * Deep Creek (Mojave River tributary), California * Deep Creek (Pine Creek tributary), Pennsylvania * Deep Creek (Soque River tributary), Georgia * Deep Creek (Texas), a tributary of the Colorado River * Deep Creek (Washington), a tributary of the Spokane River * Deep River (Indiana), a tributary of the Little Calumet River * Deep River (Iowa), a minor tributary of the English River * Deep River (North Carolina) * Deep River (Washington), a minor tributary of the Columbia River * Deep Voll Brook, New Jersey, also known as Deep Brook Elsewhere * Deep Creek (Bahamas) * Deep Creek (Melbourne, Victoria), Australia, a tributary of the Maribyrnong River * Deep River (Western Australia) People * Deep (given name) * Deep (rapper), Punjabi rapper from Houston, Texas * Ravi Deep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic Algorithm
Asynchrony is the state of not being in synchronization. Asynchrony or asynchronous may refer to: Electronics and computing * Asynchrony (computer programming), the occurrence of events independent of the main program flow, and ways to deal with such events ** Async/await * Asynchronous system, a system having no global clock, instead operating under distributed control ** Asynchronous circuit, a sequential digital logic circuit not governed by a clock circuit or signal ** Asynchronous communication, transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal * Asynchronous cellular automaton, a mathematical model of discrete cells which update their state independently * Asynchronous operation, a sequence of operations executed out of time coincidence with any event Other uses * Asynchrony (game theory), when players in games update their strategies at different time intervals * Asynchronous learning, an educational method in which the teacher and student are separated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trust Region Policy Optimization
Trust often refers to: * Trust (social science), confidence in or dependence on a person or quality It may also refer to: Business and law * Trust law, a body of law under which one person holds property for the benefit of another * Trust (business), the combination of several businesses under the same management to prevent competition Arts, entertainment, and media * The Trust, a fictional entity in the ''Stargate'' franchise Books * ''Trust'' (novel), 2022 novel by Hernan Diaz Films * ''The Trust'' (1915 film), a lost silent drama film * ''Trust'' (1976 film), a Finnish-Soviet historical drama * ''Trust'' (1990 film), a dark romantic comedy * ''The Trust'' (1993 film), an American drama about a murder in 1900 * ''Trust'' (1999 film), a British television crime drama * ''Trust'', a 2009 film starring Jamie Luner and Nels Lennarson * ''Trust'' (2010 film), a drama film directed by David Schwimmer * ''The Trust'' (2016 film), a film starring Nicolas Cage and Elijah Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proximal Policy Optimization
Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a family of model-free reinforcement learning algorithms developed at OpenAI in 2017. PPO algorithms are policy gradient methods, which means that they search the space of policies rather than assigning values to state-action pairs. PPO algorithms have some of the benefits of trust region policy optimization (TRPO) algorithms, but they are simpler to implement, more general, and have better sample complexity. It is done by using a different objective function. See also * Reinforcement learning * Temporal difference learning * Game theory Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. Myerson, Roger B. (1991). ''Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict,'' Harvard University Press, p.&nbs1 Chapter-preview links, ppvii–xi It has appli ... References External links Announcement of Proximal Policy Optimization by OpenAIGitHub repo {{compu-AI-stub Machine learning algorithms Reinfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of TwinLast Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or ''dizygotic'' ('non-identical' or 'fraternal'), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. Since identical twins develop from one zygote, they will share the same sex, while fraternal twins may or may not. In rare cases twins can have the same mother and different fathers (heteropaternal superfecundation). In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb (the much more common case, in humans) is called a ''singleton'', and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is a ''multiple''. Unrelated look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to as doppelgängers. Statistics The human twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soft Actor-Critic
Soft may refer to: * Softness, or hardness, a property of physical materials Arts and entertainment * ''Soft!'', a 1988 novel by Rupert Thomson * Soft (band), an American music group * Soft (album), ''Soft'' (album), by Dan Bodan, 2014 * Softs (album), by Soft Machine, 1976 * "Soft", a song by Kings of Leon on the 2004 album ''Aha Shake Heartbreak'' * Soft/Rock, "Soft"/"Rock", a 2001 single by Lemon Jelly Other uses * Sorgenti di Firenze Trekking (SOFT), a system of walking trails in Italy * Soft matter, a subfield of condensed matter * Magnetically soft, material with low coercivity * Soft skills, a person's people, social, and other skills * Soft commodities, or softs *A flaccid penis, the opposite of "hard" See also * * * Softener (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
