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Minuscule 70
Minuscule 70 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 521 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 50. The manuscript has complex contents. Marginalia are incomplete. Description The codex contains complete text of the four Gospels on 186 leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 23 lines per page. The large initial letters in gold and colour. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, in Latin like minuscule 62. It contains the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages and there are some marginal corrections made by Budaeus and some by Hermonymus. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
The Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ("German Bible Society") is a religious foundation regulated by public law. It is involved in publishing and in spreading the message of the Bible. The Society publishes the Bible in the original languages and in translation, as well as the texts of the apocrypha and scholarly works in biblical studies. History In 1965, independent regional Bible Societies came together as the Protestant Bible Organisation. The German Bible Society was formed in 1981 when this organization joined with the German Bible Foundation, made up of the Bible Societies of the Protestant Churches of the German states. The Society is based in the Möhringen district of Stuttgart. Its origins can be traced back to, among other things, the Canstein Bible Institution, founded in 1710. ; Published books The German Bible Society's publishing operations cover more than 700 books and other products, of which 300 are Bible editions. It distributes more than 400,000 Bibles annuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novum Testamentum Graece
(''The New Testament in Greek'') is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek, forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism. It is also known as the Nestle–Aland edition after its most influential editors, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. The text, edited by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, is currently in its 28th edition, abbreviated NA28. The title is sometimes applied to the United Bible Societies (UBS) edition, which contains the same text (its fifth edition, "UBS5", contains the text from NA28). The latter edition is aimed at translators and so focuses on variants that are important for the meaning whereas the NA includes more variants. The release of a 29th edition is expected in 2024. Methodology The Greek text as presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the "critical text". The critical text is an eclectic text compiled by a committee that compares readings from a large number of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwin Nestle
Erwin Nestle (22 May 1883 in Münsingen, Germany – 1972), son of Eberhard Nestle, was a German scholar who continued editing his father's "Nestle Edition" of the New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ... in Greek, adding a full critical apparatus in the thirteenth edition. References 1883 births 1972 deaths People from Münsingen, Germany {{Authority control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eberhard Nestle
Eberhard Nestle (1 May 1851, Stuttgart – 9 March 1913, Stuttgart) was a German biblical scholar, textual critic, orientalist, editor of the ''Novum Testamentum Graece'', and the father of Erwin Nestle. Life Nestle was a son of the upper tribunal procurator (''Obertribunalprokurator'') Christian Gottlieb Nestle and his wife Sophie Beate Kleinmann. His half-brother from his father's second marriage was classical philologist Wilhelm Nestle. Nestle studied at the University of Tübingen – the Tübinger Stift – from 1869 to 1874. His studies culminated in his doctoral thesis on the Hebrew and Greek text forms of the Book of Ezekiel. Afterwards he worked in the area of orientalism and wrote, among other things, a Syriac grammar. During his later years, his focus changed to textual criticism of the New Testament. Between 1898 and 1912 he worked as professor at the Evangelical Seminaries of Maulbronn and Blaubeuren. In 1880, he married Klara Kommerell (1852–87) in Tübingen; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 120
Minuscule 120 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1202 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. It has complex contents with some marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the Gospels of Matthew, Luke, John on 183 (177 + 6) parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 30 lines per page (size of text 12 by 8 cm). The large initial letters in gold, the ink is black. The leaves 40-67 with Gospel of Mark were lost. The text of the Gospels is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and (''titles of chapters'') of these are inserted at the top of the pages. The text has also another division according to the small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Ephesinus
Codex Ephesinus, minuscule 71 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 253 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, illuminated, and elegantly written. It is dated by the colophon to 1160. In the 15th century the manuscript was prepared for liturgical use. The scribal errors are not numerous, but it has many textual divergences from the common text. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type, but the textual character of the codex is disputed by scholars since the 19th century. It has full marginalia with marks of the text's division, with liturgical notes and scholia. Only one leaf of the codex had lost. The manuscript was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne, English Chaplain at Smyrna, who made first collation of its text. The collation was corrected by Scrivener in 1845. It was called ''Codex Ephesinus'', because of place of its origin. It is currently housed in the library of the Lambeth Palace ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 48 ( Soden), before the French Revolution was called ''Codex Colbertinus 2844''. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. According to the textual critics it is one of the best minuscule manuscripts of the New Testament. Description The codex contains part of the Prophets of the Old Testament, and all the books of the New Testament (except Revelation of John), on 143 parchment leaves (), with three lacunae in Gospel of Mark, and Gospel of Luke (Mark 9:31-11:11; 13:11-14:60; Luke 21:38-23:26). The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the τίτλοι (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. It contains Prolegomena to the Catholic epistles and the Pauline epistles (folios 73-76), the Euthalian Apparatus. It is written on a parchment in minus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library, Switzerland. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as ƒ. Textual-critic Hermann von Soden calls the group I. Textual-critic Kurt Aland lists it as Category III in the Gospels and Category V for the other books in his New Testament manuscripts list. Category III manuscripts are described as having "a small but not a negligible proportion of early readings, with a considerable encroachment of yzantinereadings, and significant readings from other sources as yet unidentified." Category V is for "Manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text." Family 1 was discovered in 1902, when biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake (1872–1946) published ''Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies'', and established the existence of a new textual family. This group of manuscripts was bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Koridethi
The Codex Koridethi, also named ''Codex Coridethianus'', designated by siglum Θ or 038 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 050 ( Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century CE. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex is made of 249 parchment leaves (29 cm by 24 cm), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels, with the following lacunae: Matthew 1:1– 9, 1:21–4:4, and 4:17–5:4. The text is written in two columns per page, with 25 lines per page. The letters are written in a rough, inelegant hand. The scribe who wrote the text is believed to have been unfamiliar with Greek. Text of the codex The text-type of Matthew chapters 1- 14, Luke, and John is considered to be more or less of the Byzantine text-type, while the text of Mark has been considered to be of the Caesarean text-type. The text of Matthew chs. 14-28 has been considered to be of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus is designated as "M" or "021" in the Gregory-Aland cataloging system and as "ε 72" in the Von Soden system. It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia and was prepared for liturgical (religious) use. The text of the manuscript was held in high esteem by some 19th-century scholars, but this general opinion changed in the 20th century; as a result the manuscript is rarely cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 257 parchment leaves each approximately . The leaves are arranged in quarto and the text is written in two columns per page, 24 lines per column, in very elegant and small uncial letters, with breathings and accents (in red). The letters are similar to those from Codex Mosquensis II. The liturgical notes at the margin are written in minuscule letters. Accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
