|
Minuscule 291
Minuscule 291 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 377 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 290 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 20 lines per page. The headpieces and large initials are ornamented with silver. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is no division according to the Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') are placed before each Gospel, incipits, (''lessons''), Synaxarion, and marginal notes. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 235
Minuscule 235 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 456 ( Soden), known as ''Codex Havniensis 2'' is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1314. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 280 paper leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 23 lines per page (size of column 15.2 by 9.5 cm), the capital letters in red. The initials at the beginning of Matthew and Mark are the same as in Lectionary 6. The text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are given at the margin. It contains tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin, and incipits. The words are often ill divided and the stops misplaced (as in minuscule 80). Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. Accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 1235
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing systems that distinguish between the upper and lowercase have two parallel sets of letters, with each letter in one set usually having an equivalent in the other set. The two case variants are alternative representations of the same letter: they have the same name and pronunciation and are treated identically when sorting in alphabetical order. Letter case is generally applied in a mixed-case fashion, with both upper and lowercase letters appearing in a given piece of text for legibility. The choice of case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun (ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 597
Minuscule 597 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 340 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 82. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labeled by Scrivener as 464. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 259 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 20-21 lines per page. The lists of the (''chapters'') are placed before each Gospel, numerals of the are given at the left margin, and their (''titles'') at the top. It contains lectionary markings, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of were added by a later had. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. According to Scrivener it has remarka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 449
Minuscule 449 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 330 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels in two volumes on 317 (146 + 171) parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 23-24 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 Sections - the last in 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains prolegomena, lists of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (''for liturgical use''), Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and pictures. It was clearly carefully written. Text The Greek text of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 371
Minuscule 371 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1003 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. It contains marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 315 parchment leaves (). It is written in one column per page, in 20-21 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 Sections, the last section in 16:8), whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, and pictures. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx. Aland placed it i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 139
Minuscule 139 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A202 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon to 1173.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 55. Description The codex contains the text of the Gospel of Luke and Gospel of John on 233 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena. It is believed the date 1173 was added by a later hand, though according to Gregory it is correct date. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster 291 in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 no profile was made. History According to the colophon it was written in 1173, but the colophon was not wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Π
Family Π is a group of New Testament manuscripts. Belonging to the Byzantine text-type, it is one of the textual families of this group. The name of the family, "Π" (pronounced in English as "pie"), is drawn from the symbol used for the Codex Petropolitanus. One of the most distinct of the Byzantine sub-groups, it is very old and the third largest. The oldest Byzantine manuscripts belong to this family. Hermann von Soden designated this group by the symbol "Ka". According to him, its text is not purely Byzantine. Codices and manuscripts Soden included the following in this group of codices: Cyprius (K), Petropolitanus (Π), 72, 114, 116, 178, 265, 389, 1008, 1009, 1079, 1154, 1200, 1219, 1346, and 1398. Lake added to this group of manuscripts: 489, 537, 652, 775, 796, 904, 1478, 1500, 1546, 1561, 1781, 1816. Soden also associated Codex Alexandrinus with this group. Wisse lists about 150 witnesses of the family, but the majority of them belong to this family only in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claremont Profile Method
The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classification of the manuscript evidence of any ancient text with large manuscript attestation, and to present an adequate basis for the selection of balanced representatives of the whole tradition. The work of Wisse is limited only to three chapters in Luke: 1, 10, and 20. Wisse's profiles The word before the bracket is the reading of the UBS edition. The profile of a manuscript is formed by noting the numbers of those test readings where the manuscript agrees with the bold reading. The readings which are not bold are those of the Textus Receptus. Luke 1 * Luke 1:2 (1 reading) — ] * Luke 1:7 (2 reading) — ην η ελισαβετ ] η ελισαβετ ην * Luke 1:7 (3 reading) — η ] omit * Luke 1:8 (4 reading) — ] εναντ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William B
William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the given name ''Wilhelm'' (cf. Proto-Germanic ᚹᛁᛚᛃᚨᚺᛖᛚᛗᚨᛉ, ''*Wiljahelmaz'' > German ''Wilhelm'' and Old Norse ᚢᛁᛚᛋᛅᚼᛅᛚᛘᛅᛋ, ''Vilhjálmr''). By regular sound changes, the native, inherited English form of the name should b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the '' Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) in Münster and served as its first director from 1959 to 1983. He was one of the principal editors of '' Nestle–Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece'' for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and ''The Greek New Testament'' for the United Bible Societies. Life Aland was born in Berlin- Steglitz. He started studying theology in 1933 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin (he also studied philology, archaeology, and history). On 23 March that year, he was examined before the ''Bruderrat'' (council of brothers) in the ''Bekennende Kirche'' (Confessing Church). During his studies, he worked for the journal of the Confessing Church, ''Junge Kirche'' (Young Church). In an ideological brochure, ''Wer fälscht?'' (Who is lying? ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Minuscule 1235")
