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Merited Military Navigator Of The Russian Federation
The Honorary Title of "Honoured Military Navigator of the Russian Federation" (russian: Заслуженный военный штурман Российской Федерации) is a state award of the Russian Federation. Award History The honorary title of "Honoured Military Navigator" traces its history to the Soviet Era. It was initially established on January 26, 1965 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet № 3230-VI as the honorary title of "Honoured Military Navigator of the USSR" (russian: Заслуженный военный штурман СССР). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the title was retained by the Law of the Russian Federation 2555-1 dated March 20, 1992 and renamed "Honoured Military Navigator of the Russian Federation". Award Statute The honorary title of "Honoured Military Navigator of the Russian Federation" is awarded to members of military flying units, military agencies, military schools, military organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airmanship
Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation, similar to seamanship in maritime navigation. Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator. It is not simply a measure of skill or technique, but also a measure of a pilot’s awareness of the aircraft, the environment in which it operates, and of his\her own capabilities. :Airmanship is defined by the US FAA as: :*A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight, :*The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air, and :*The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency. The United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority describes airmanship as "a somewhat controversial and vague expression intended to convey a measure of understanding; experience; or, more succinctly, aviation 'common-sense'. What can be said is that 'Airmanship' is something gained from exposure to the experiences and sage adv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombac
Tombac, or tombak, is a brass alloy with high copper content and 5–20% zinc content. Tin, lead or arsenic may be added for colouration. It is a cheap malleable alloy mainly used for medals, ornament, decoration and some munitions. In older use, the term may apply to brass alloy with a zinc content as high as 28–35%. Etymology The term ''tombak'' is derived from ''tembaga'', an Indonesian/ Malay word of Javanese origin meaning copper. ''Tembaga'' entered Dutch usage concurrent with their colonisation of Indonesia. Likely, the term was used generically to describe Indonesian high-copper brass items, including gamelan gongs. It is one of the very few Indonesian loan words used in English or German. Common types * Modern CuZn15 (DIN: CuZn15 ; UNS: C23000 ; BS: CW 502L (CZ 102) ; ISO: CuZn15) - tombak with a gold colour, very good for cold forming, suitable for pressing, hammering, or embossing * modern CuZn12 (not standardized) - same characteristics and applications as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orders, Decorations, And Medals Of Russia
The State Award System of the Russian Federation has varied and distinct origins. The first being pre-1917 orders of the Russian Empire re-established after the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the second is from former Soviet orders that were slightly modified and retained post 1991, we also find many completely new awards resembling Imperial awards in basic design since the reintroduction of Russian heraldry. Originally set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation No. 2557-I of March 20, 1992, the statutes of all state awards was later ratified in Presidential Decree No. 442 of March 2, 1994. The entire state awards' system of the Russian Federation was amended on September 7, 2010 by presidential decree No. 1099, this all encompassing decree distanced modern Russian awards from their Soviet roots. Presidential Decree No. 1631 of December 16, 2011 amended and finalized the order of precedence of all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorary Titles Of Russia
Honorary titles of the Russian Federation (russian: Почётные звания Российской Федерации) are titles given to citizens of the Russian Federation for professional and/or social achievements, but can be revoked by a vote in the State Duma. Rejection of honorary titles cannot be veto'd by the President. The word russian: "Заслуженный" translates as "Honoured". During the period of the Soviet Union, a system of professional honorary titles was created to be used across the USSR to recognize outstanding personal professional achievements. The awards were also used in some other Eastern bloc states and communist countries. Post-Soviet states modelled some of their awards on the Soviet award system. On 30 December 1995, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed Presidential Decree № 1341 on the establishment of the system of honorary titles of the Russian Federation. Prior to that, the legal acts referred to honorary titles of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Air Force
"Air March" , mascot = , anniversaries = 12 August , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = , decorations = , battle_honours = , battle_honours_label = , flying_hours = , website = , commander1 = President Vladimir Putin , commander1_label = Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Defence Forces , commander2 = Army General Sergei Surovikin , commander2_label = Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces , commander3 = Lieutenant general , commander3_label = Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force , notable_commanders = , identification_symbol = , identification_symbol_label = Flag , identification_symbol_2 = , identification_symbol_4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awards And Decorations Of The Russian Federation
The State Award System of the Russian Federation has varied and distinct origins. The first being pre-1917 orders of the Russian Empire re-established after the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the second is from former Soviet orders that were slightly modified and retained post 1991, we also find many completely new awards resembling Imperial awards in basic design since the reintroduction of Russian heraldry. Originally set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation No. 2557-I of March 20, 1992, the statutes of all state awards was later ratified in Presidential Decree No. 442 of March 2, 1994. The entire state awards' system of the Russian Federation was amended on September 7, 2010 by presidential decree No. 1099, this all encompassing decree distanced modern Russian awards from their Soviet roots. Presidential Decree No. 1631 of December 16, 2011 amended and finalized the order of precedence of all mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honoured Military Pilot Of The USSR
The Honorary Title "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" (russian: Заслуженный военный лётчик СССР) was a state military award of the Soviet Union established on January 26, 1965, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet No. 3230-VI to recognise and reward excellence in military aviation. It was abolished on August 22, 1988, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet No. 9441-XI. Award statute The honorary title "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" was awarded to members of military flying units, military agencies, military schools, military organizations and other military or federal authorities, having qualified military pilots 1st class or military pilot-instructors 1st class, for outstanding achievements in the development of aviation technology, high performance in education and training of flight personnel and long-term trouble-free flight operations in military aviation. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence Of The Russian Federation
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces. The President of Russia is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and directs the activity of the Ministry. The Defence Minister exercises day-to-day administrative and operational authority over the armed forces. The General Staff executes the president's and the defence minister's instructions and orders. The main building of the ministry, built in the 1940s, is located on Arbatskaya Square, near Arbat Street. Other buildings of the ministry are located throughout the city of Moscow. The supreme body responsible for the Ministry's management and supervision of the Armed Forces is The National Defense Management Center (Национальный центр управл� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honoured Military Pilot Of The Russian Federation
The Honorary Title of "Merited Military Pilot of the Russian Federation" (russian: Заслуженный военный лётчик Российской Федерации) is a state award of the Russian Federation that can trace its history to the Soviet Era. It was initially established on January 26, 1965 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet № 3230-VI as the honorary title of "Merited Military Pilot of the USSR" (russian: Заслуженный военный лётчик СССР). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the title was retained by the Law of the Russian Federation 2555-1 dated March 20, 1992 and renamed "Merited Military Pilot of the Russian Federation". Award statute The honorary title of "Merited Military Pilot of the Russian Federation" is awarded to members of military flying units, military agencies, military schools, military organizations and other military or federal authorities, having qualified military pilots 1st cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Russian Federation
The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government of Russia and is the commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces. It is the highest office in Russia. The modern incarnation of the office emerged from the president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). In 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected president of the RSFSR, becoming the first non Communist Party member to be elected into Soviet politics. He played a crucial role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union which saw the transformation of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation. Following a series of scandals and doubts about his leadership, violence erupted across Moscow in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. As a result, a new constitution was implemented and the 1993 Russian Constitution remains in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics alr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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