Mangyans
Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found on the island of Mindoro, southwest of the island of Luzon, the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. The total population may be around 280,001, but official statistics are difficult to determine under the conditions of remote areas, reclusive tribal groups and some having little if any outside world contact. The ethnic groups of the island, from north to south, are: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tawbuid (called Batangan by lowlanders on the west of the island), Buhid, and Hanunoo. An additional group on the south coast is labelled Ratagnon. They appear to be intermarried with lowlanders. The group known on the east of Mindoro as Bangon may be a subgroup of Tawbuid, as they speak the 'western' dialect of that language. They also have a kind of poetry which is called the Ambahan. Origins The Mangyans were once the only inhabitants of Mindoro. Being coastal dwellers at first, th ...
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Mangyan Dancing
Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous peoples, indigenous groups found on the Mindoro, island of Mindoro, southwest of the Luzon, island of Luzon, the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. The total population may be around 280,001, but official statistics are difficult to determine under the conditions of remote areas, reclusive tribal groups and some having little if any outside world contact. The ethnic groups of the island, from north to south, are: Iraya people, Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tawbuid (called Batangan by lowlanders on the west of the island), Buhid language, Buhid, and Hanunó'o language, Hanunoo. An additional group on the south coast is labelled Ratagnon people, Ratagnon. They appear to be interracial marriage, intermarried with lowlanders. The group known on the east of Mindoro as Bangon may be a subgroup of Tawbuid, as they speak the 'western' dialect of that language. They also have a kind of poetry which is calle ...
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Taubuid Language
The Tawbuid language is a language spoken by Tawbuid Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines. It is divided into eastern and western dialects. The Bangon Mangyans also speak the western dialect of Tawbuid. Geographic distribution The Tau-buid (or Tawbuid) Mangyans live in central Mindoro. In Oriental Mindoro, Eastern Tawbuid (also known as Bangon) is spoken by 1,130 people in the municipalities of Socorro, Pinamalayan, and Gloria. In Occidental Mindoro, Western Tawbuid (also known as Batangan) is spoken by 6,810 people in the municipalities of Sablayan and Calintaan. Phonology Western Tawbuid Vowels Consonants Historical comparison Comparison with related languages shows a gradual loss of > > . For example: : Tagalog: , > Buhid: > Tawbuid: 'I' : > > 'we' There is a residual in the 1st person singular, in the affix , usually shortened in speech to . E.g. (or ) 'I will arrive.' Glottals There are no glottal phonemes, either or , in Tawbuid. T ...
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Iraya People
Iraya can refer to: * Iraya people, an ethnic group of the Mangyan people * Iraya language, spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines. * Iraya Robles, a queercore musician with band Sta-Prest * Mount Iraya Mount Iraya, is a dormant stratovolcano on Batan Island and the highest point in the province of Batanes, Philippines. Location Iraya is located on Batan Island, one of the Batanes Islands, in the province of Batanes, in the Luzon Strait, nor ...

Iraya Language
Iraya can refer to: * Iraya people, an ethnic group of the Mangyan people * Iraya language, spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines. * Iraya Robles, a queercore musician with band Sta-Prest * Mount Iraya Mount Iraya, is a dormant stratovolcano on Batan Island and the highest point in the province of Batanes, Philippines. Location Iraya is located on Batan Island, one of the Batanes Islands, in the province of Batanes, in the Luzon Strait, nor ...

Iraya Mangyan Community Village 003
Iraya can refer to: * Iraya people, an ethnic group of the Mangyan people * Iraya language, spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines. * Iraya Robles, a queercore musician with band Sta-Prest * Mount Iraya Mount Iraya, is a dormant stratovolcano on Batan Island and the highest point in the province of Batanes, Philippines. Location Iraya is located on Batan Island, one of the Batanes Islands, in the province of Batanes, in the Luzon Strait, nor ...

Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century Hellenistic Judaism in the Roman province of Judea. Jesus' apostles and their followers spread around the Levant, Europe, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus, Ancient Carthage, Egypt, and Ethiopia, despite significant initial persecution. It soon attracted gentile God-fearers, which led to a departure from Jewish customs, and, a ...
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Glottal Consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the glottal fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have, while some do not consider them to be consonants at all. However, glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages. For example, in Literary Arabic, most words are formed from a root ''C-C-C'' consisting of three consonants, which are inserted into templates such as or . The glottal consonants and can occupy any of the three root consonant slots, just like "normal" consonants such as or . The glottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows: Characteristics In many languages, the "fricatives" are not true fricatives. This is a historical usage of the word. They instead represent transitional states of the glottis ( phonation) without a specific place of articulation, and may behave as ...
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Phoneme
In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-west of England, the sound patterns (''sin'') and (''sing'') are two separate words that are distinguished by the substitution of one phoneme, , for another phoneme, . Two words like this that differ in meaning through the contrast of a single phoneme form a ''minimal pair''. If, in another language, any two sequences differing only by pronunciation of the final sounds or are perceived as being the same in meaning, then these two sounds are interpreted as phonetic variants of a single phoneme in that language. Phonemes that are established by the use of minimal pairs, such as ''tap'' vs ''tab'' or ''pat'' vs ''bat'', are written between slashes: , . To show pronunciation, linguists use square brackets: (indicating an aspirated ''p'' in ''p ...
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Hanunó'o Script
Hanunoo (), also rendered Hanunó'o, is one of the scripts Suyat, indigenous to the Philippines and is used by the Mangyan peoples of southern Mindoro to write the Hanunó'o language. It is an abugida descended from the Brahmic scripts, closely related to Baybayin, Sulat Tagalog, and is famous for being written vertical but written upward, rather than downward as nearly all other scripts (however, it is read horizontally left to right). It is usually written on bamboo by incising characters with a knife. Most known Hanunó'o inscriptions are relatively recent because of the perishable nature of bamboo. It is therefore difficult to trace the history of the script. Structure Fifteen basic characters of the Hanunó'o script each represent one of the fifteen consonants followed by the inherent vowel . Other syllables are written by modifying each of these characters with one of two diacritics ''(kudlit)'' which change the vowel sound to /i/ or /u/. The glyph for /la/ is the s ...
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Ginger
Ginger (''Zingiber officinale'') is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spice ... and a folk medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial plant, perennial which grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall bearing narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences bear flowers having pale yellow petals with purple edges, and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoots. Ginger is in the family (taxonomy), family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (''Curcuma longa''), cardamom (''Elettaria cardamomum''), and galangal. Ginger originated in Maritime Southeast Asia and was likely domesticated first by the Austronesian peoples. It was transported with ...
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Taro
Taro () (''Colocasia esculenta)'' is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African, Oceanic, and South Asian cultures (similar to yams). Taro is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants. Names and etymology The English term ''taro'' was borrowed from the Māori language when Captain Cook first observed ''Colocasia'' plantations there in 1769. The form ''taro'' or ''talo'' is widespread among Polynesian languages:*''talo'': taro (''Colocasia esculenta'')
– entry in the ''Polynesian Lexicon Project Online'' (Pollex). in Tahitian; in < ...
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