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Makomanai River
is a tributary of the Toyohira River in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It has a length of and has a watershed of . Flowing from in the mountains, the Makomanai River's upper course is called , too. Its middle course flows through a narrow valley about wide in the area. Running north, it merges with the Toyohira River at Makomanai area. The Toyohira River flows through the Sapporo city's center. Makomanai means ''rear river'' in the Ainu language. Edwin Dun, an Oyatoi gaikokujin, began development of Makomanai in the 1870s with a pioneer stock farm. The valley of Tokiwa remained undeveloped for a long time. Flood control projects were begun in the later half of 20th century; straightening the river course in the 1960s.Makomanai-Gawa ni okeru Chisui Jigyō. Now a residential zone exists along the northern half of Tokiwa along National Route 453. Houses cover the surrounding hilltops around Makomanai. At the confluence with the Toyohira River is Makomanai Park. Cherry salmon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city in Japan. It is the capital city of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture. Sapporo lies in the southwest of Hokkaido, within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, which is a tributary stream of the Ishikari. It is considered the cultural, economic, and political center of Hokkaido. As with most of Hokkaido, the Sapporo area was settled by the indigenous Ainu people, beginning over 15,000 years ago. Starting in the late 19th century, Sapporo saw increasing settlement by Yamato migrants. Sapporo hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, the first Winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the second Olympic games held in Japan after the 1964 Summer Olympics. Sapporo is currently bidding for the 2030 Winter Olympics. The Sapporo Dome host ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokkaidō
is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaidō is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only ordinance-designated city. Sakhalin lies about 43 kilometers (26 mi) to the north of Hokkaidō, and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, though the four most southerly are claimed by Japan. Hokkaidō was formerly known as ''Ezo'', ''Yezo'', ''Yeso'', or ''Yesso''. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hokkaidō" in Although there were Japanese settlers who ruled the southern tip of the island since the 16th century, Hokkaido was considered foreign territory that was inhabited by the indigenous people of the island, known as the Ainu people. While geographers such as Mogami Tokunai and Mamiya Rinzō explored the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyohira River
The is a river in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan. It is 72.5 km in length and has drainage area of 894.7 km². It is a tributary of the Ishikari River. It supplies water to Sapporo city, the capital of Hokkaidō built on the alluvial fan formed by the river. Jōzankei is a popular attraction with onsen (hot springs) along the upper Toyohira. Course From the mountain Oizaridake, the Toyohira River flows northwards into . The created the lake. The river runs through the gorge. After exiting the gorge it is joined by several more rivers before turning East. Two smaller dams block the course of the Toyohira as it moves into the suburbs of Sapporo. The river flows north and east through the middle of the Toyohira Ward of Sapporo. As it leaves the urban area it forms the border between Sapporo and Ebetsu before emptying into the Ishikari River. History The Ainu knew this river as ''Sapporo Pet'' (Sapporo River). ''Toyopira'' was originally the name of a crossing point of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ainu Language
Ainu (, ), or more precisely Hokkaido Ainu, is a language spoken by a few elderly members of the Ainu people on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. It is a member of the Ainu language family, itself considered a language family isolate with no academic consensus of origin. It is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Until the 20th century, the Ainu languages – Hokkaido Ainu and the now-extinct Kuril Ainu and Sakhalin Ainu – were spoken throughout Hokkaido, the southern half of the island of Sakhalin and by small numbers of people in the Kuril Islands. Due to the colonization policy employed by the Japanese government, the number of Hokkaido Ainu speakers decreased through the 20th century, and it is now moribund. A very few elderly people still speak the language fluently, though attempts are being made to revive it. According to P. Elmer, the Ainu languages are a contact language, having strong influences from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Dun
Edwin Dun (June 19, 1848 – May 15, 1931) was a rancher from Ohio who was employed as an ''o-yatoi gaikokujin'' in Hokkaidō by the Hokkaidō Development Commission (''Kaitakushi'') and advised the Japanese government on modernizing agricultural techniques during the Meiji modernization period. Dun was a native of Chillicothe, Ohio and had studied at Miami University. After he inherited his father's ranch, he raised beef cattle and race horses, and wrote a number of papers on scientific methods in ranching. Agricultural adviser Dun was hired in 1873 by Albert Capron, son of former United States Commissioner of Agriculture Horace Capron, the chief foreign adviser to the Meiji government's Hokkaidō Development Commission. Dun's task was to create a new cattle and dairy industry out of largely undeveloped island of Hokkaido. When he came to Japan, he brought with him around 50 head of cattle, 100 head of sheep, and a number of agricultural implements to be used as sample ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyatoi Gaikokujin
The foreign employees in Meiji Japan, known in Japanese as ''O-yatoi Gaikokujin'' (Kyūjitai: , Shinjitai: , "hired foreigners"), were hired by the Japanese government and municipalities for their specialized knowledge and skill to assist in the modernization of the Meiji period. The term came from ''Yatoi'' (a person hired temporarily, a day laborer), was politely applied for hired foreigner as ''O-yatoi gaikokujin''. The total number is over 2,000, probably reaches 3,000 (with thousands more in the private sector). Until 1899, more than 800 hired foreign experts continued to be employed by the government, and many others were employed privately. Their occupation varied, ranging from high salaried government advisors, college professors and instructor, to ordinary salaried technicians. Along the process of the opening of the country, the Tokugawa Shogunate government first hired, German diplomat Philipp Franz von Siebold as diplomatic advisor, Dutch naval engineer Hendrik Hardes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flood Control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water levels. Flooding can be caused by a mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff. Though building hard infrastructure to prevent flooding, such as flood walls, can be effective at managing flooding, increased best practice within landscape engineering is to rely more on soft infrastructure and natural systems, such as marshes and flood plains, for handling the increase in water. For flooding on coasts, coastal management practices have to not only handle changes water flow, but also natural processes like tides. Flood control and relief is a particularly important part of climate change adaptation and climate resilience, both sea level rise and changes in the weather (climate cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan National Route 453
National Route 453 is a National highways of Japan, national highway of Japan connecting Toyohira-ku, Sapporo and Date, Hokkaido in Japan. History *1 April 1993 - General National Highway 453 (from Sapporo to Date, Hokkaido, Date) Overlapping sections *From Chitose to Date : Route 276 (Japan), Route 276 Municipalities passed through *Ishikari Subprefecture **Sapporo, Hokkaido, Sapporo - Eniwa, Hokkaido, Eniwa - Chitose, Hokkaido, Chitose *Iburi Subprefecture **Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Tomakomai - Date, Hokkaido, Date - Sobetsu, Hokkaido, Sobetsu - Date References National highways in Japan Roads in Hokkaido {{Japan-road-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makomanai Park
Makomanai Park (真駒内公園) is a city park in Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. It is home to attractions such as Makomanai Open Stadium, Makomanai Ice Arena and the Sapporo Salmon Museum. It also contains a small gymnasium, restaurant and a shop. The area where the park is now located was the main site of the Sapporo 1972 Winter Olympic Games. History The current Makomanai Park was originally the site of a former dairy factory and farm. For the 1972 Winter Olympics it was designated as the main area for the Games, where most facilities, including the main stadium, were to be built. After the Olympics, construction of the Park began and in 1975 it was officially opened to the public. Overview Located in the southern part of the city, along the Toyohira riverside, in the confluence with the Makomanai River, the park contains coniferous and broad-leaved trees. The park includes over 10 km of walking paths. It is used from spring to autumn as a walk or jogging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncorhynchus Masou
The masu salmon (''Oncorhynchus masou''), also known as masu ( ja, マス, , trout) or in Japan, is a species of salmon belonging to the genus ''Oncorhynchus'', found in the North Pacific along Northeast/East Asian coasts from the Russian Far East ( Primorsky, Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands) to south through Korea, Japan and Taiwan. A number of subspecies are known, including the widespread nominate subspecies ''yamame'' (''O. m. masou''), the critically endangered Formosan salmon (''O. m. formosanus'') found in certain landlocked freshwater systems of Taiwan, the Biwa trout (''O. m. rhodurus'') endemic of Lake Biwa, and the anadromous or stream-dwelling '' amago'' (''O. m. macrostomus'') restricted to western Japan. On average, this salmon prefers a temperate climate around the latitude of 65-58°N, and in the sea, it prefers a depth of . Appearance A masu salmon which has reached sexual maturity has a darkened back, and the stripes on the body sides become b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
