is a tributary of the
Toyohira River
The is a river in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan. It is 72.5 km in length and has drainage area of 894.7 km². It is a tributary of the Ishikari River.
It supplies water to Sapporo city, the capital of Hokkaidō built on the alluvial fan ...
in
Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous cit ...
,
Hokkaidō,
Japan. It has a length of and has a watershed of .
Flowing from in the mountains, the Makomanai River's upper course is called , too. Its middle course flows through a narrow valley about wide in the area. Running north, it merges with the
Toyohira River
The is a river in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan. It is 72.5 km in length and has drainage area of 894.7 km². It is a tributary of the Ishikari River.
It supplies water to Sapporo city, the capital of Hokkaidō built on the alluvial fan ...
at Makomanai area. The Toyohira River flows through the Sapporo city's center. Makomanai means ''rear river'' in the
Ainu language.
Edwin Dun
Edwin Dun (June 19, 1848 – May 15, 1931) was a rancher from Ohio who was employed as an ''o-yatoi gaikokujin'' in Hokkaidō by the Hokkaidō Development Commission (''Kaitakushi'') and advised the Japanese government on modernizing agricu ...
, an
Oyatoi gaikokujin
The foreign employees in Meiji Japan, known in Japanese as ''O-yatoi Gaikokujin'' (Kyūjitai: , Shinjitai: , "hired foreigners"), were hired by the Japanese government and municipalities for their specialized knowledge and skill to assist in the ...
, began development of Makomanai in the 1870s with a pioneer stock farm. The valley of Tokiwa remained undeveloped for a long time.
Flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water level ...
projects were begun in the later half of 20th century; straightening the river course in the 1960s.
[Makomanai-Gawa ni okeru Chisui Jigyō.] Now a residential zone exists along the northern half of Tokiwa along
National Route 453. Houses cover the surrounding hilltops around Makomanai. At the confluence with the Toyohira River is
Makomanai Park.
Cherry salmon
The masu salmon (''Oncorhynchus masou''), also known as masu ( ja, マス, , trout) or in Japan, is a species of salmon belonging to the genus ''Oncorhynchus'', found in the North Pacific along Northeast/East Asian coasts from the Russian Far Eas ...
migrate to and spawn in the park every year.
References
Bibliography
*Sapporo-shi Kyōiku Iinkai (Educational Committee of Sapporo City) edited ''Oyatoi Gaikokujin'', Hokkaidō Shinbunsha, Sapporo, 1981. 札幌市教育委員会編『お雇い外国人』、さっぽろ文庫第19巻、北海道新聞社、1981年。
*Sapporo-shi Kyōiku Iinkai (Educational Committee of Sapporo City) edited ''Kawa no Fuukei (Landscapes of rivers)'', Hokkaidō Shinbunsha, Sapporo, 1988. 札幌市教育委員会編『川の風景』、さっぽろ文庫第44巻、北海道新聞社、1988年。
*OKADA Asuka,
Makomanai-Gawa ni okeru Chisui Jigyō (Flood Control Projects in Makomanai River), 1999 or 2000. 岡田明日香「真駒内川における治水事業」、1999年か2000年。
{{Rivers of Japan
Rivers of Hokkaido
Minami-ku, Sapporo
Rivers of Japan