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Mạc Tuyên Tông
Mạc Phúc Nguyên (chữ Hán: 莫福源, ? – December 1561), also known as Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗), was an emperor of Vietnam's Mạc dynasty who reigned from 1546 to 1561. Biography In July 1557, Mạc Phúc Nguyên ordered his general Mạc Kính Điển to attack rebels in Thanh Hóa Province, but the attack failed and following a rearguard attack on Sơn Tây, Tuyên Quang, Hưng Hoá, Kinh Băc, and Hải Dương provinces Mạc Phúc Nguyên had to fall back to his capital at Đông Đô. He died of smallpox four years later. He was preceded by Mạc Hiến Tông and succeeded by Mạc Mậu Hợp Mạc Mậu Hợp (莫茂洽, 1560–1593) was the fifth and effectively last reigning emperor of the Mạc dynasty from 1562 to 1593. Biography Mạc Mậu Hợp was born in 1560 at Đông Đô. He became the emperor in 1562. In 1592, the Sout ....''Lịch sử Đảng bộ huyện Thanh Thủy, 1947-2003'' 2005- Page 16 "Đến đời nhà Mạc (1527-1592), do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Vietnamese Monarchs
This article lists the monarchs of Vietnam. Under the emperor at home, king abroad system used by later List of Vietnamese dynasties, dynasties, Vietnamese monarchs would use the title of ''emperor'' (皇帝, Hoàng đế; or other equivalents) domestically, and the more common term ''sovereign'' (𤤰, Vua), ''king'' (王, Vương), or ''his/her (Imperial) Majesty'' (陛下, Bệ hạ) elsewhere. Overview Some Vietnamese monarchs declared themselves kings (''vương'') or emperors (''hoàng đế''). Imperial titles were used for both domestic and foreign affairs, except for diplomatic missions to China where Vietnamese monarchs were regarded as kingship or prince. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were figurehead rulers, with the real powers resting on feudal lords and princes who were technically their servants. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their posthumous names or temple names, while the Nguyễn dynasty, the last reigning house is known through their Vietnamese e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Hiến Tông
Mạc Hiến Tông (, ?–1546), birth name Mạc Phúc Hải (), was the third emperor of the Mạc dynasty The Mạc dynasty (; Hán-Nôm: 茹 莫/ 朝 莫) (1527–1677), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty which ruled over a unified Vietnam between 1527 and 1540, and northern Vietnam from 1540 until 1593. The M ... of Annam from 1540 to 1546. He was born in Cao Đôi village, Bình Hà district (present day Nam Tan, Nam Sach, Hai Duong). He was the oldest son of emperor Mac Thai Tong and grandson of Mac Dang Dung.Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker ''The A to Z of Vietnam'' 1461731925 2010 Page 437 "Mạc Dynasty: Mạc Thái Tổ (Mạc Đăng Dung) (1527-30), Mạc Thái Tông (Mạc Đăng Doanh) (1530-40), Mạc Hiến Tông (Mạc Phúc Hải) (1540-46), Mạc Tuyên Tông (Mạc Phúc Nguyên) (1546-64), ruler without imperial titles: Mạc Mậu Hợp (1564-92)." Sources * ''Đại Việt Thông Sử'', Lê Quý Đôn (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Mậu Hợp
Mạc Mậu Hợp (莫茂洽, 1560–1593) was the fifth and effectively last reigning emperor of the Mạc dynasty from 1562 to 1593. Biography Mạc Mậu Hợp was born in 1560 at Đông Đô. He became the emperor in 1562. In 1592, the Southern dynasty's forces under lord Trịnh Tùng conquered the capital Đông Đô along with the rest of the Northern provinces. Mạc Mậu Hợp was captured during the retreat at one pagoda of Phượng Nhỡn district ( Lạng Giang prefecture) and was cut to pieces over three days at Thảo Tân margin ( Đông Đô). However, his son Mạc Toàn and other successors continued to hold Cao Bình county during 1592–3. Firstly, his temple name Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship. The practice of honoring monarchs with temple names began during the Shang dynasty in China and had since been adopted by other dynas ... was named as Mục Tông (穆宗) the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Dynasty
The Mạc dynasty (; Hán-Nôm: 茹 莫/ 朝 莫) (1527–1677), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty which ruled over a unified Vietnam between 1527 and 1540, and northern Vietnam from 1540 until 1593. The Mạc dynasty lost control over the capital Đông Kinh (modern Hanoi) for the last time in its wars against the Later Lê dynasty and the Trịnh Lords in 1592. Subsequent members of the Mạc dynasty ruled over the province of Cao Bằng with the direct support of the Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties until 1677 (with members of the Mạc dynasty accepted as officials of the Later Lê dynasty from 1627). Mạc Đăng Dung The founder of the Mạc dynasty was a descendant of the famed Trần dynasty scholar Mạc Đĩnh Chi. Mạc Đăng Dung chose to enter the military and ascended the ranks to become the senior general in the Lê dynasty army. Later he seized power and ruled Vietnam from 1527 till his death in 1541. Mạc Đă ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đông Đô
Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red and Black Rivers). As a municipality, Hanoi consists of 12 urban districts, 17 rural districts, and 1 district-level town. The city encompasses an area of . and as of 2024 has a population of 8,718,000. Hanoi had the second-highest gross regional domestic product of all Vietnamese provinces and municipalities at US$51.4 billion in 2022, behind only Ho Chi Minh City. In the third century BCE, the Cổ Loa Capital Citadel of Âu Lạc was constructed in what is now Hanoi. Âu Lạc then fell under Chinese rule for a thousand years. In 1010, under the Lý dynasty, Vietnamese emperor Lý Thái Tổ established the capital of the imperial Vietnamese nation Đại Việt in modern-day central Hanoi, naming the city Thăng Long ( , 'ascending dragon'). In 1428, King Lê Lợi renamed the city to Đông Kinh ( , 'eastern capital'), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making smallpox the only human disease to have been eradicated to date. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was transmitted from one person to another primarily through prolonged face-to-face contact with an infected person or rarely via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medications could poten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Quý Đôn
(chữ Hán: (; 2 August 1726 – 11 June 1784), , on his pen name is Doãn Hậu , and Quế Đường was an 18th-century Vietnamese poet, encyclopedist, and government official. His pseudonym was Quế - Đường. He was a native of Duyen Ha village in present-day Thái Bình Province. He is considered one of the most outstanding and prolific Vietnamese polymaths of the early modern period. Life Lê was born in the province of Thái Bình, and lived in the reign of Emperor Lê Hiển Tông. The period of his life was marked by a split between the Trịnh lords of the north and the Nguyễn lords, in the aftermath of an examination system scandal involving his son Lê Quý Kiêt (who was sent to prison for changing examination books), had been ordered south of the Linh Giang River to serve as an official ...As a member of the Trịnh lords' bureaucracy, Lê Quý Đôn was supposed to help restore civil government in a region of Viet Nam that had been separate from the Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1561 Deaths
Year 1561 (Roman numerals, MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi is elected as the new Doge of Genoa, Doge of the Republic of Genoa, but serves for only eight months before dying in September. * January 31 **The 1562 Riots of Toulouse#Ordinance of Orléans, Ordinance of Orléans suspends the persecution of the Protestant Huguenots in Kingdom of France. **Mughal Empire General Bairam Khan is assassinated by an Afghan warrior, Mubarak Khan Lohani, while traveling through Gujarat in India. * February 13 – Elizabeth I, Queen Elizabeth of England summons the Ambassador from Spain, Álvaro de la Quadra, for a private Audience (meeting), audience to ask how the Spanish government would react if she were to marry Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, who had recently lost his wife Amy Robsart in a questionable accident. * March 23 – Lope de Aguirre, a Basque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Dynasty Emperors
Mạc (chữ Hán: 莫) is a Vietnamese surname. The name is transliterated as Ma or Mo in Chinese and Mua in Hmong language. It is unrelated to the "Mac" prefix to surnames derived from Gaelic languages. Mac / Mc is an anglicised variation of the surname Mạc. Notable people with the surname Mạc *Mạc Đĩnh Chi, Vietnamese scholar and official of the Trần dynasty (1272–1346) *Mạc Cửu, a Chinese adventurer who played a role in relations between Cambodia and the Nguyễn court *Mạc dynasty, ruled the northern provinces of Vietnam from 1527 until 1592 *Mạc Đăng Dung, Vietnamese emperor and the founder of the Mạc dynasty (1483–1541) *Mạc Đăng Doanh, Vietnamese emperor and the second emperor of the Mạc dynasty (?–1540) *Mạc Hiến Tông, Vietnamese emperor and the third emperor of the Mạc dynasty (?–1546) *Mạc Tuyên Tông, Vietnamese emperor and the fourth emperor of the Mạc dynasty (?–1561) *Mạc Mậu Hợp Mạc Mậu Hợp (莫茂 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
