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Málaga–Almería Road Massacre
The Málaga–Almería road massacre, also known as the ''Desbandá'', was an attack on the republican-dominated city of Málaga, Spain and its citizens on 8 February 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. The city was penetrated by Nationalist forces and their fascist supporters. An estimated 5,000–15,000 civilians attempted to evacuate the besieged city via the N-340 coastal road connecting Málaga to the city of Almería. Background On 12 April 1931, Spain had its first democratic elections since the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. The elections resulted in the formation of the Spanish Second Republic. Consequently, a great divide was created among two of the more prevalent political ideologies of the time. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Terror (Spain)
In the history of Spain, the White Terror ( es, Terror Blanco; also known as the Francoist Repression, ''la Represión franquista'') describes the political repression, including executions and rapes, which were carried out by the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), as well as during the first nine years of the regime of General Francisco Franco. In the 1936–1975 period, Francoist Spain had many official enemies: Loyalists to the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), Liberals, socialists of different stripes, Protestants, intellectuals, homosexuals, Freemasons, Romanis, Jews, and Basque, Catalan, Andalusian and Galician nationalists. The Francoist Repression was motivated by the right-wing notion of a '' limpieza social'', a cleansing of society. This meant that the killing of people viewed as enemies of the state began immediately upon the Nationalists' capture of a place. Ideologically, the Roman Catholic Church legitimized the killing by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackshirts
The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the ''Arditi'', Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the ''Duce'' (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.Bosworth, R. J. B, ''Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Terror (Spain)
The Red Terror in Spain ( es, Terror Rojo) is the name given by historians to various acts of violence committed from 1936 until the end of the Spanish Civil War by sections of nearly all the leftist groups. News of the rightist military uprising in July 1936 unleashed a politicidal response, and no Republican controlled region escaped systematic and anticlerical violence, although it was minimal in the Basque Country. The violence consisted of the killing of tens of thousands of people (including 6,832 priests, the vast majority in the summer of 1936 in the wake of the military coup), attacks on the Spanish nobility, business owners, industrialists, and politicians and supporters of the conservative parties, as well as the desecration and burning of monasteries, convents, and churches. A process of political polarisation had already characterized the Second Spanish Republic; party divisions became increasingly embittered and whether an individual continued practicing Catholi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres In Spain
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Spain (numbers may be approximate): Ancient history Germanic Kingdoms Reconquista Habsburg Spain Bourbon Spain (1701–1808) Independence War, Kingdom of Spain and First Republic (1808–1875) Restoration (1875–1931) Second Republic (1931–1936) Civil War (1936–1939) Francoism (1939–1975) Transition (1975–1982) }). The targets were a group of off-duty civil guards who were having lunch in a bar. Four civil guards were killed. , - , September 1982 Rentería attack , 14 September 1982 , Errenteria , 4 , ETA , Ambush by the Basque separatist organisation ETA near the town of Errenteria. The targets were several national police officers, four of whom were killed in the attack, with the fifth seriously injured.. , - Contemporary Spain (1982–) References {{Europe topic , List of massacres in Spain Massacres * Massacres A massacre is the killing of a large number of people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torre Del Mar
Torre del Mar is a locality on the southern coast of Spain, part of the municipality of Vélez-Málaga, Axarquía, located in the province of Málaga. It is a popular summer tourist resort for Spanish people. History There is archaeological evidence of a 7th-century Phoenician necropolis located in the farmhouse of Casa de la Viña; there was also once a Punic-Roman city called Maenoba or Menoba (Cerro del Mar), at the mouth of the river Velez, which was a production and distribution centre for the famous Roman garum. Despite this, we can consider Torre del Mar a relatively new settlement, founded at the start of the 16th century, a settlement protected by a small castle from the Nasrid dynasty, known as Alcozaiba Tower. This was renamed "Torre de la Mar" (tower of the sea) in 1487 when it was taken by the Catholic Monarchs The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the ''de facto'' unificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homenaje Malaga 7-2-15
''Homenaje'' ( es, Tribute) is a 1996 live album, recorded during the "Metal Rock Festival" at Obras Sanitarias. The concert was a reunion of the first line-up of the Argentine heavy metal band V8, with the exception of its original bass player Ricardo Iorio. Background V8 was a 1980s Argentine heavy metal band whose most famous line-up included Ricardo Iorio (bass), Osvaldo Civile (guitar), Alberto Zamarbide (vocals) and Gustavo Rowek (drums), which recorded the band's first two studio albums. Civile and Rowek left in 1985, and the band broke up in 1987. All four members created new bands, all of which were among the most influential in Argentine heavy metal. Civile created Horcas, and Rowek joined Walter Giardino (another former V8 member) in Rata Blanca. Iorio created Hermética, and then Almafuerte when Hermética broke up in 1995. Zamarbide and the remaining members of the last line-up of V8 (including guitarist Miguel Roldán) formed the band Logos. Reunion of V8 Logos pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Republican Air Force
The Spanish Republican Air Force was the air arm of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic, the legally established government of Spain between 1931 and 1939. Initially divided into two branches: Military Aeronautics ('' Aeronáutica Militar'') and Naval Aeronautics ( ''Aeronáutica Naval''), the Republican Air Force became the Air Forces of the Spanish Republic, ''Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española'' (FARE), also known as ''Arma de Aviación'', after it was reorganized following the restructuring of the Republican Armed Forces in September 1936, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. This defunct Air Force is largely known for the intense action it saw during the Civil War, from July 1936 till its disbandment in 1939. The Spanish Republican Air Force was popularly known as ''"La Gloriosa"'' (The Glorious One). But, according to some historians, the command structure of the Spanish loyalist forces was marred by ineptitude and lack of decision-making througho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Cruiser Baleares
''Baleares'' was a heavy cruiser of the Spanish Navy whose control was taken by the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War. The two ships of the class were built upon a British design and were a modified version of the Royal Navy′s . ''Baleares'' was constructed in Spain by the Vickers-Armstrongs subsidiary Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval, and saw service during the Spanish Civil War, when she was torpedoed and sunk by destroyers of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Battle of Cape Palos. History In December 1936, ''Baleares'' was commissioned in an incomplete state, not mounting the fourth turret. The turret was installed by June 1937.Chesneau, p. 401 Spanish Civil War On February 1937, takes part together with '' Canarias'' and '' Almirante Cervera'' in the battle of Málaga. It fired bombs against those escaping through the only exit of the city —the road from Málaga to Almería— in the sad episode that will be known as "La Desbandá" or M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Cruiser Almirante Cervera
''Almirante Cervera'' was a light cruiser and lead ship of the of the Spanish Navy. She was named after the Spanish admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete, commander of the Spanish naval forces in Cuba during the Spanish–American War. She was part of the Spanish Republican Navy between 1931 and 1936, year in which she became a key player of the Nationalist Fleet in the Spanish Civil War. Features Her construction was authorized by the so-called Miranda law of 17 February 1915. The cruiser was launched in Ferrol in 1925 and scrapped in 1965. The ship was in length, in beam, and a draught of . Equipped with a main armament of eight guns of , mounted in three twin turrets and two single mountings, and crewed by a complement of 566, ''Almirante Cervera'' belonged to the same class of two other cruisers of the Spanish Navy of her time, ''Galicia'' (''Libertad'' from 1931 to 1939) and ''Miguel de Cervantes''. Operational history Civil War Blockade of Northern Spain Starting in Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Cruiser Canarias
''Canarias'' was a Canarias-class heavy cruiser of the Spanish Navy. She was built in Spain by the Vickers-Armstrongs subsidiary Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval based on a British design, being a modified version of the Royal Navy′s County class. ''Canarias'' saw service during the Spanish Civil War. History ''Canarias'' was the flagship of the Nationalist Navy and sank 34 ships, including the Spanish Republican Navy destroyer during the Battle of Cape Espartel, and the Soviet merchant ''Komsomol'' off Oran, both in the second half of 1936. ''Canarias'' was the main player of the Battle of Cape Machichaco on 5 March 1937, when the Basque Auxiliary Navy naval trawler ''Nabarra'' was destroyed. She also damaged the destroyer , forcing her to seek refuge at Gibraltar on 29 August 1938. ''Canarias'' captured the Republican liner ''Mar Cantábrico'', which was later converted to an auxiliary cruiser An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baetic System
The Baetic System or Betic System ( es, Sistema Bético) is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. Located in the southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula, it is also known as the Cordilleras Béticas (Baetic Mountain Ranges) or Baetic Mountains. The name of the mountain system derives from the ancient Roman region of Baetica, one of the Imperial Roman provinces of ancient Hispania. Geography The Baetic System is made up of multiple mountain ranges that reach from western Andalusia to the Region of Murcia, southern Castile-La Mancha and the Land of Valencia. To the north, the Baetic Ranges are separated from the Meseta Central and the Sierra Morena by the basin of the Guadalquivir. The Iberian System rises north of the eastern part of the Prebaetic System, the northernmost prolongation of the Baetic System. Generally the mountain ranges that are part of this system are aligned in a southwest-northeast direction. The most well-known range of the Baetic System is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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