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Muzaffar Al-Din Hajjaj
Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a nominal Qutlughkhanid prince of Kerman, a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad and Kutlugh Turkan. Life Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a minor when his father Qutb al-Din Mohammad died in 1257. Kerman nobles assembled and asked Hulegu for Kutlugh Turkan's appointment as the ruler of the principality. Hulegu confirmed Hajjaj as the new ruler of Kerman, while Kutlugh Turkan was named a regent responsible for civil affairs. Hajjaj's brother-in-law Azad al-Din Hajji was confirmed as the supreme commander, much to Turkan's displeasure, who later obtained full sovereign rights. Hajjaj married Arghun Aqa's daughter Begi Khatun - a woman his father wanted to marry - in 1264. This was the year when Turkan was acknowledged by Hulegu as a ruler in her own right, putting Hajjaj under her shadow. Once he reached adulthood, Hajjaj began to fight at the front of the Ilkhanid army ranks, Chagataid where he achieved fame. This was confirmed when he was honored by Abaqa in 1270 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutlugh-Khanids
The Qutlugh-Khanids (otherwise known as the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty, Kirmanid dynasty, or very rarely as the Later Western Liao) was a dynasty of ethnic Khitan origin that ruled over Kirman (in present-day Kerman Province, Iran) from 1222 to 1306. It was founded by Buraq Hajib, who emigrated from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) during the collapse of the realm. Originally an independent entity, the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty subsequently ruled as vassals of the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate. The dynasty was removed from power by the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, who appointed Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan as governor of Kirman. Later Western Liao Although there was no mention of a dynasty called the "Later Western Liao" (后西辽) in traditional Chinese scholarship, Wang Zhilai wrote a paper ''On the Later Western Liao'' (关于"后西辽") in 1983, where he proposed to call the Qutlugh-Khanids the "Later Western Liao", thereby positioning the dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagataids
The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus ( xng, , translit=Čaɣatay-yin Ulus; mn, Цагаадайн улс, translit=Tsagaadain Uls; chg, , translit=Čağatāy Ulusi; fa, , translit=Xânât-e Joghatây) was a Mongol and later Turkic peoples, Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the late 13th century the khanate extended from the Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea to the Altai Mountains in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China, roughly corresponding to the area once ruled by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty). Initially, the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate recognized the supremacy of the Great Khan,Dai Matsui – A Mongolian Decree from the Chaghataid Khanate Discovered at Dunhuang. Aspects of Research into Central Asian Buddhism, 2008, pp. 159–178 but by the reign of Kublai Khan, Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq no longer obeyed the emperor's orders. During the mid-14th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1240s Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Century In Iran
In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the Musical note, note thirteen scale degrees from the root (chord), root of a chord (music), chord and also the interval (music), interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a Interval (music)#Simple and compound, compound major sixth, sixth, spanning an octave plus a sixth. The thirteenth is most commonly major or minor . A thirteenth chord is the stacking of six (major third, major or minor third, minor) thirds, the last being above the 11th of an eleventh chord. Thus a thirteenth chord is a tertian (built from thirds) chord containing the interval of a thirteenth, and is an extended chord if it includes the ninth and/or the eleventh. "The jazzy thirteenth is a very versatile chord and is used in many genres." Since 13th chords tend to become unclear or confused with other chords when Inverted chord, inverted, they are generally found in root position.Benward & Saker (2009). ''Music in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Khitan Rulers
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo resisted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar Al-Din Mohammad
Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad was the penultimate Qutlugh-Khanids, Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was the son of Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj. He succeeded Kurdujin Khatun as hereditary ruler of Kerman on the order of Ghazan in 1295/1296. One of his first orders was to bring remains of her aunt Padishah Khatun to be reburied in Kerman. His reign was troubled by rebellions of his cousins Nasrat al-Din Yulukshah, Ghiyath ad-Din Solokshah and his brother Qutb al-Din Taghishah - ruler of Sirjan. His brutal repression of them made him unpopular to the point of resignation of his vizier Fakhraddin Harawi. He was reported to be cruel to his half brothers Hasanshah and Mahmudshah too.{{Cite journal, last=Derneği, first=İranoloji, title=Târîh-i Güzîde'ye Göre Kirman Karahıtayları (According to Târîh-i Güzîde Qara Khitai of Kirman), url=https://www.academia.edu/35180383, language=en He died in 1304 from excessive drinking of wine. He was succeeded by his cousin Qutb al-Din Shah J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirjan
Sirjan ( fa, سيرجان, also Romanized as Sīrjān; formerly Sa‘īdābād) is a city and the capital of Sirjan County, Kerman Province,in the south of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population was 324,103 in 95,357 families. Sirjan is located from the Iranian capital of Tehran, and from the provincial capital of Kerman. It is known for its pistachios, Kilim and its wind towers, locally known as Bādgir-e Chopoqi (calumet louver). Climate At , it is situated in a depression between the southern Zagros Mountains to the west and the Kuh-e Bidkhan massif to the east. Once containing extensive and thick forests, at present the total area of counties forests which are scattered throughout the region in a natural reserved area is around containing trees and shrubs such as turpentines, conifers and dwarf maples amongst many others. Culture Sirjan is a historic city with culture. There are historical and cultural monuments in the city of Sirjan. Universities and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suyurghatmish
Jalal ad-Din Suyurgatmish was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad. Life His mother's identity is unknown, he had a full sister Ordu Kutlugh who was married to Baydu. He was a childhood friend with Tekuder, son of Hulagu, a connection that would prove helpful in future. An ambitious person, he went to the court of Abaqa to obtain noble rights of his step-brother Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj in 1279. Having obtained recognition, he arrived at Kerman on 19 September 1280 and forced her step-mother Kutlugh Turkan to make him a co-ruler by 19 October, had the ''khutba'' proclaimed in his name too. A number of members of the court joined Suyurgatmish, including Muiz al-Din Malekshah, a high ranking noble. However she soon "complained to her daughter Padishah Khatun and received a yarligh forbidding her stepson to meddle in the affairs of Kirman". Reign Following Abaqa's death in 1281, he obtained a great power due to his friendship with Tekuder, new Ilkhan. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).Delhi Sultanate Encyclopædia Britannica Following the invasion of by the , five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the |
House Of Ögedei
The House of Ögedei, sometimes called the Ögedeids, was an influential Mongol family and a branch of the Borjigin clan from the 12th to 14th centuries. They were descended from Ögedei (c. 1186–1241), a son of Genghis Khan who succeeded his father to become the second khagan of the Mongol Empire. Ögedei continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire. When, after the Toluid Möngke Khan's death, the Mongol Empire disintegrated into civil war, the members of the House of Ogedei were influential players in the politics of the region. From the lines of Genghis Khan's sons — Ogedei, Jochi, Chagatai, and Tolui, the House of Ögedei tended to ally with the Chagataids (descendants of Chagatai) against the House of Jochi, while seeking control for themselves within the Chagatai Khanate at first. The Ogedeids also allied with the Golden Horde against the Yuan founding emperor Kublai (son of Tolui), who was allied with his brother Hulagu, leader of the Ilkhanate in Persia. The Ogedei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Mohammad
Qutb al-Din Mohammad — was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a nephew of Buraq Hajib, founder of dynasty. Life He was a son of Hamīd Pur (or Khan Temür), thus a nephew of Buraq Hajib. His father was an emir in service of Khwarazmshah dynasty, who served as commander of Bukhara in c. 1220. First reign and exile He succeeded his uncle Buraq Hajib in 1235 and married Kutlugh Turkan on 5 September 1235. However, his reign was very short as he was quickly replaced by his cousin Rukn al-Din on the order of Ögedei Khan. He left for Mongolia through Shahdad-Zozan route and was ordered to join Mahmud Yalavach in China as soon as he arrived. He was present at Güyük Khan's election in 1246, from whom he asked to be recognized as ruler of Kirman once again. However, this was discouraged by Güyük's trusted advisor Chinqai ( 镇海) who was a tutor to Rukn al-Din previously. Second reign His aspiration to rule Kirman again was realized after Güyük's and Chinqai's subsequent d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padishah Khatun
Safwat al-Din Khatun (1256–1295), otherwise known as Padishah Khatun, was the ruler of Kirman from 1292 until 1295 as a member of the Mongol vassal Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty in Persia. Life She was born in 1256, as the youngest daughter of Qutb al-Din (d. 1257) and Kutlugh Turkan of Kirman.Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . She already had her own fiefdom in Sirjan thanks to her mother Kutlugh Turkan's visit to coronation ceremony of Abaqa in 1265. Her first spouse was Abaqa Khan to whom she was married on 22 May 1272. The marriage was arranged by her mother to secure Mongolian support for her rule. She was granted Abaqa's late mother's Yesunjin's household. She was instrumental in strengthening rule of her mother Kutlugh Turkan and was her supporter against her siblings Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj (1276) and Suyurghatmish (1280). After Abaqa's death She did not leave for Kerman after Abaqa's deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
