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Mukandi Lal
Mukandi Lal (14 October 1885 - 10 January 1982) was an Indian advocate, judge, freedom fighter, politician, writer and art critic from Garhwal. Early life Mukandi Lal was born in Patali village, Malla Nagpur patti in Chamoli, Garhwal in the later Indian state of Uttarakhand. His early education was in Pauri and Almora, followed by higher education in Allahabad, Calcutta and Oxford. As a student of Muir central college, Allahabad, Lal accompanied Lala Lajpat Rai in his tour of Kumaon and Garhwal during the famine of 1913. He studied law at Oxford University. His education at Oxford was sponsored by Ghanananad Khanduri, a local philanthropist. Career Lal was an advocate in the Allahabad High Court beginning in 1919 and served as a Judge of the High Court in Tehri-Garhwal State. He was the founder and editor of the newspaper ''Tarun Kumaun'' (''Young Kumaun''). In 1921, Garhwali and Kumaoni youth rallied against the coolie beggar system and Lal met Garhwali students from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garhwal Kingdom
Garhwal Kingdom was an independent Himalayan kingdom in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India, founded in 688 CE by Kanak Pal, the progenitor of the Panwar dynasty that ruled over the kingdom uninterrupted until 1803 CE. The kingdom was divided into two parts during the British Raj, namely: the princely state ''of Garhwal and'' the ''Garhwal District'' of British India. During this period, the princely state of Garhwal was one of the States of the Punjab Hills which became part of the Punjab Hill States Agency although it was not under the Punjab Province administration. The princely state of Garhwal or Independent Garhwal consisted of the present day Tehri Garhwal district and most of the Uttarkashi district. This former state acceded to the Union of India in August 1949 CE. Etymology The exact origin of the word 'Garhwal' is unknown, though it is believed to be derived from the title ‘''Garh-wala''’ (Owner of Forts) given to the ruler A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Govind Ballabh Pant
Govind Ballabh Pant (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961) was an Indian freedom fighter and the first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. Alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabh Bhai Patel, Pant was a key figure in the movement for India's Independence and later a pivotal figure in the Indian Government. He was one of the foremost political leaders of Uttar Pradesh (then known as United Provinces) and a key player in the unsuccessful movement to establish Hindi as the official language of Indian Union. Today, several Indian hospitals, educational institutions and foundations bear his name. Pant received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1957. Early life Govind Ballabh Pant was born on 10 September 1887 in Chweencha village near Pauri Garhwal. He was born in a Marathi Karhade Brahmin family that had migrated from the present day northern Karnataka to Kumaon region. His mother's name was Govindi Bai. His father Manorath Pant was a government o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Chamoli District
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All India Fine Arts And Crafts Society
The All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS) is an independent arts organisation in India, founded in Delhi in 1928. In the decade after Indian independence, many of its functions were transferred to three national academies: Lalit Kala Akademi, Sangeet Natak Akademi and Sahitya Akademi for the fields of visual arts, theatre arts and literature. AIFACS organises art exhibitions and makes awards to artists across the country. Among the most prominent artists exhibited in the 1940s were Amrita Sher-Gil, Sailoz Mookherjea and Manishi Dey Manishi Dey (22 September 1909 – 31 January 1966) was an Indian painter of the Bengal School of Art. Manishi Dey was the younger brother of Mukul Dey, a pioneering Indian artist and dry point etcher.Satyasri Ukil: "Mukul Dey: Pioneering Indi .... Many other followed in the long history of the AIFACS. Its most prestigious awards include the Kala Shree, Kala Vibhushan and Kala Ratna, inaugurated in 1988. Twelve awards are given in ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mola Ram
Mola Ram or Maula Ram ( deva, मौला राम) (1743–1833), p.119 was an Indian art, Indian painter, who originated the Garhwal division, Garhwal branch of the Kangra painting, Kangra school of painting., pp.75–76 He was also a poet, historian and diplomat., p.25 Much research about him was done by Mukandi Lal. Life and career He was born in Srinagar, Uttarakhand, Srinagar (now in Uttarakhand) to Mangat Ram and Rami Devi and worked for the Garhwal Kingdom from 1777 until its annexation first by the Gorkha Kingdom, Gorkhas in 1803 followed by the British Raj in 1815. It is said, p.129 that two miniature painters of the Mughal Empire, Mughal imperial court at Delhi, Sham Das and his son Har Das (or Kehar Das), accompanied Sulaiman Shikoh, the son of Dara Shikoh, when he escaped from his uncle Aurangzeb in 1658 and sought refuge from Prithvi Shah of the Garhwal Kingdom, which had its capital in Srinagar. The painters remained in Srinagar as the royal ''tasbirdar'' (pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahari Painting
Pahari painting (literally meaning a painting from the mountainous regions: ''pahar'' means a mountain in Hindi) is an umbrella term used for a form of Indian painting, done mostly in miniature forms, originating from Himalayan hill kingdoms of North India, during 17th-19th century, notably Basohli, Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, Mandi and Garhwal. Nainsukh was a famous master of the mid-18th century, followed by his family workshop for another two generations. The central theme of Pahari painting is depiction of eternal love of Hindu deities Radha and Krishna. Origin and area The Pahari school developed and flourished during 17th-19th centuries stretching from Jammu to Garhwal, in the sub- Himalayan India, through Himachal Pradesh. Each created stark variations within the genre, ranging from bold intense Basohli Painting, originating from Basohli in Jammu and Kashmir, to the delicate and lyrical Kangra paintings, which became synonymous to the style before o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacha Khan
Abdul Ghaffār Khān (; 6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988), also known as Bacha Khan () or Badshah Khan (), and honourably addressed as Fakhr-e-Afghan (), was a Pakistani Pashtuns, Pashtun, List of Indian independence activists, independence activist, and founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against British Raj, British colonial rule in India. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition and lifelong pacifism; he was a devout Muslims, Muslim and an advocate for Hindu–Muslim unity in the Indian subcontinent, subcontinent Due to his similar ideologies and close friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, Khan was nicknamed Sarhadi Gandhi (). In 1929, Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar, an anti-colonial nonviolent resistance movement. The Khudai Khidmatgar's success and popularity eventually prompted the colonial government to launch numerous crackdowns against Khan and his supporters; the Khudai Khidmatgar experienced some of the most severe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khudai Khidmatgar
Khudai Khidmatgar ( ps, خداۍ خدمتګار; literally "servants of God") was a predominantly Pashtun nonviolent resistance movement known for its activism against the British Raj in colonial India; it was based in the country's North-West Frontier Province (now in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan). Also called ''Surkh Posh'' or "Red Shirts" or "red-dressed", this was originally a social reform organisation focusing on education and the elimination of blood feuds; it was known as the ''Anjuman-e-Islah-e Afghania'' (society for the reformation of Afghans/Pashtoons). The movement was led by Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known locally as Bacha Khan, Badshah Khan, or Sarhadi Gandhi."Red Shirt Movement".(2008) ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 14 September 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: ww.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/494519/Red-Shirt-Movement/ref> It gradually became more political as its members were being targeted by the British Raj. By 1929 its leadership was exiled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satyagraha
Satyagraha ( sa, सत्याग्रह; ''satya'': "truth", ''āgraha'': "insistence" or "holding firmly to"), or "holding firmly to truth",' or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practises ''satyagraha'' is a satyagrahi. The term ''satyagraha'' was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), who practised satyagraha in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as well as Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa and many other social justice and similar movements. Origin and meaning of name The terms originated in a competition in the news-sheet ''Indian Opinion'' in South Africa in 1906. Mr. Maganlal Gandhi, grandson of an uncle of Mahatma Gandhi, came up with the word "Sadagrah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qissa Khwani Bazaar
The Qissa Khwani Bazaar ( ps, قصه خوانۍ بازار, ur, ; ''"Story-tellers market'') is a bazaar in Peshawar, the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Background The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (then North-West Frontier Province) province Gazetteer, traveller Lowell Thomas and Peshawar's British commissioner Herbert Edwardes called it "the Piccadilly of Central Asia". History On 23 April 1930, nearly 400 unarmed protesters were shot dead by soldiers of the British colonial government in the Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre. While the British acknowledged killing 179 people. The massacre triggered protests across British India and catapulted the newly formed ''Khudai Khidmatgar'' movement into prominence. In 2010, 25 people were killed in a bomb attack at a protest against electricity shortages. The market was again targeted by militants in 2013, who used a 220 kg bomb to carry out an attack that killed over 40 people, and damaged a nearby mosque as well as s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Garhwal Rifles
The Garhwal Rifles, formerly known as the Royal Garhwal Rifles, are an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It was originally raised in 1887 as the 39th (Garhwal) Regiment of the Bengal Army. It then became part of the British Indian Army, and after the Independence of India, it was incorporated into the Indian Army. It served during the frontier campaigns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well in both World Wars and the wars fought after independence. It is mainly made up of Rajput and Brahmin Garhwali people from seven districts of Uttarakhand's Garhwal region: Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal and Haridwar. Today it has more than 25,000 soldiers, organized into twenty one regular battalions (2nd to 22nd), two battalions of the Territorial Army (121 Inf Bn TA and 127 Inf Bn TA (Eco)) and three Rashtriya Rifles Battalions (14 RR, 36 RR, 48 RR). The 1st Battalion has since been converted to mechanized infantry and forms part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-cooperation Movement
The Non-cooperation movement was a political campaign launched on 4 September 1920, by Mahatma Gandhi to have Indians revoke their cooperation from the British government, with the aim of persuading them to grant self-governance.Noncooperation movement " ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', December 15, 2015. Retrieved 2021-08-10.Wright, Edmund, ed. 2006. non-cooperation (in British India) " ''A Dictionary of World History'' (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192807007. This came as result of the |
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