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Moscow Treaty (1970)
The Treaty of Moscow was signed on 12 August 1970 between the Soviet Union and West Germany. It was signed by Willy Brandt and Walter Scheel for West Germany's side and by Alexei Kosygin and Andrei Gromyko for the Soviet Union. Description In the 1970s, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's ''Ostpolitik'' was a policy that "abandoned, at least for the time being, its claims with respect to German self-determination and reunification, recognising de facto the existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Oder–Neisse line".The Federal Republic of Germany's ''Ostpolitik'' on CVCE website (Centre for European Studies). Both sides expressed their ambition to strive for a normalisation of the relations between the European sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Moscow (other)
The Treaty of Moscow may refer to *Treaty of Moscow (1920), a non-aggression pact between Soviet Russia and Georgia *Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty (1920) also known as ''Moscow Peace Treaty'', a treaty between the Soviet Russia and Lithuania *Treaty of Moscow (1921), a friendship treaty between Soviet Russia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) *Treaty of Moscow (1939), also known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact or the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union *Moscow Peace Treaty (1940), a treaty between the Soviet Union and Finland, ending the Winter War. *Moscow Treaty (1963), also known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty, banned nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water> *Treaty of Moscow (1970), a treaty between the Soviet Union and West Germany * Russia–Chechen Peace Treaty (1997) also known as ''Moscow Peace Treaty'', a treaty between the Russia and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria *Treaty of Moscow (2002) T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boundary Treaties
Boundary or Boundaries may refer to: * Border, in political geography Entertainment * ''Boundaries'' (2016 film), a 2016 Canadian film * ''Boundaries'' (2018 film), a 2018 American-Canadian road trip film *Boundary (cricket), the edge of the playing field, or a scoring shot where the ball is hit to or beyond that point *Boundary (sports), the sidelines of a field Mathematics and physics *Boundary (topology), the closure minus the interior of a subset of a topological space; an edge in the topology of manifolds, as in the case of a 'manifold with boundary' *Boundary (graph theory), the vertices of edges between a subgraph and the rest of a graph * Boundary (chain complex), its abstractization in chain complexes * Boundary value problem, a differential equation together with a set of additional restraints called the boundary conditions * Boundary (thermodynamics), the edge of a thermodynamic system across which heat, mass, or work can flow Psychology and sociology *Personal bounda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Concluded In 1970
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1970 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Leonid Brezhnev * Premier of the Soviet Union: Alexei Kosygin * Chairman of the Russian SFSR: Mikhail Yasnov Events * May 24 – The scientific drilling of the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins. * June 1 – The two-man spacecraft ''Soyuz 9'' is launched. * June 15 – Operation Wedding: Fifteen refuseniks try to escape from the Soviet Union by hijacking a plane. * October 6 – French President Georges Pompidou visits the Soviet Union. * October 8 – Soviet author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. * October 15 – The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey. * October 20 – The ''Zond 8'' lunar probe is launched. * November 9 – ''Luna 17'' is launched. * November 12 – Soviet author Andrei Amalrik is sentenced to three years imprisonment for ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Soviet Union
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War Treaties
Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. In common usage, cold is often a subjective perception. A lower bound to temperature is absolute zero, defined as 0.00K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. This corresponds to on the Celsius scale, on the Fahrenheit scale, and on the Rankine scale. Since temperature relates to the thermal energy held by an object or a sample of matter, which is the kinetic energy of the random motion of the particle constituents of matter, an object will have less thermal energy when it is colder and more when it is hotter. If it were possible to cool a system to absolute zero, all motion of the particles in a sample of matter would cease and they would be at complete rest in the classical sense. The object could be described as having zero thermal energy. Microscopically in the description of quantum mechanics, however, matter still has zero-point energy even at absolute zero, because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Review
''The Russian Review'' is an independent peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary academic journal devoted to the history, literature, culture, fine arts, cinema, society, and politics of the Russian Federation, former Soviet Union and former Russian Empire. The journal was established in 1941 and is published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell for the Contact Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies at the University of Kansas. The former editor is Dr. Eve Levin, University of Kansas who retired and was Replaced by Erik R. Scott in 2020. The journal's board of trustees is not aligned with any national, political, or professional association. External links''The Russian Review''@ Wiley-Blackwell''The Russian Review''@ JSTOR JSTOR (; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library founded in 1995 in New York City. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of j ... Area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time (magazine)
''Time'' (stylized in all caps) is an American news magazine based in New York City. For nearly a century, it was published Weekly newspaper, weekly, but starting in March 2020 it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been published by Time USA, LLC, owned by Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. History ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923, by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce. It was the first weekly news magazine in the United St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basic Treaty, 1972
The Basic Treaty (german: Grundlagenvertrag) is the shorthand name for the ''Treaty concerning the basis of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic'' (german: Vertrag über die Grundlagen der Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik). The Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic (GDR) recognized each other as sovereign states for the first time, an abandonment of West Germany's Hallstein Doctrine in favor of ''Ostpolitik''. After the entry into force of the Four-Power Agreement from 1971, the two German states began negotiations over a Basic Treaty. As for the Transit Agreement of 1972, the discussions were led by the Under-Secretaries of State Egon Bahr (for the Federal Republic of Germany) and Michael Kohl (for the German Democratic Republic). As part of the ''Ostpolitik'' of Chancellor Willy Brandt, the treaty was signed on 21 December 1972 in East Berlin. The tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Power Agreement On Berlin
The Four Power Agreement on Berlin, also known as the Berlin Agreement or the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin, was agreed on 3 September 1971 by the four wartime Allied powers, represented by their ambassadors. The four foreign ministers, Alec Douglas-Home of the United Kingdom, Andrei Gromyko of the Soviet Union, Maurice Schumann of France, and William P. Rogers of the United States signed the agreement and put it into force at a ceremony in Berlin on 3 June 1972. The agreement was not a treaty and required no formal ratification. Overview By reconfirming the post-1945 existence of the rights and responsibilities of the Four Powers for the future of Berlin and Germany as a whole, which the Soviets had earlier claimed to have abrogated (as a result of the Berlin crisis of 1959–1962), the Agreement laid the foundation for a series of East-West agreements which ushered in the period usually known as Détente. It also re-established ties between East and West Berlin, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
