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Mosaic Virus
A mosaic virus is any virus that causes infected plant foliage to have a mottled appearance. Such viruses come from a variety of unrelated lineages and consequently there is no taxon that unites all mosaic viruses. All the symptoms of each virus or complex appear the same, so the only way to know exactly which viral subtype is infecting a plant is to send it to a local extension service. Alternatively, commercial testing kits exist for settings like greenhouses. Examples Virus species that contain the word 'mosaic' in their English language common name, as of March 2019, are listed below. However, not all viruses that may cause a mottled appearance belong to species that include the word "mosaic" in the name. See also * Mosaic A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdoviridae
''Rhabdoviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, plants, fungi and protozoans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from Ancient Greek , meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. The family has 40 genera, most assigned to three subfamilies. Structure The individual virus particles (virions) of rhabdoviruses are composed of RNA, protein, carbohydrate and lipid. They have complex bacilliform or bullet-like shapes. All these viruses have structural similarities and have been classified as a single family. The virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long. Rhabdoviruses are enveloped and have helical nucleocapsids and their genomes are linear, around 11–15 kb in length. Rhabdoviruses c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyploviricotina
''Polyploviricotina'' is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum ''Negarnaviricota''. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being '' Haploviricotina'', which is also in ''Negarnaviricota''. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ... for 'complex', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'. References External links Invasion of the Body Snatchers: Viruses Can Steal Our Genetic Code to Create New Human-Virus Genes on: SciTechDaily, Source: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; August 9, 2020 * Jessica Sook Yuin Ho, Matthew Angel, Yixuan Ma, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Edward Hutchinson, Ivan Marazzi, ''et al.''Hybrid Gene Origination Creates Human-Virus Chimeric Proteins during Infection in: Cell Volume 181, Issue 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellioviricetes
''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavirales'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' was first discovered. ''Ellioviricetes'' is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyavirales
''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavirales'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' was first discovered. ''Ellioviricetes'' is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fimoviridae
''Emaravirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. The plant virus group is the sole genus in the family ''Fimoviridae''. The genus has 21 species. Structure Virions of this genus are between 80 and 100 nm and consists of an enveloped ribonucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. Genome The genomes are segmented, consisting of four strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA. Phylogenetics ''Emaravirus'' has the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genera '' Orthotospovirus'' and ''Orthobunyavirus''. The 3' and 5' ends of the genomic RNAs are complementary (similar to viruses of the ''Bunyavirales'' order), with the sequence 5'-AGUAGUGUUCUCC-3' at the 5' terminus and 5'-GGAGUUCACUACU-3' at the 3' terminus. However, the number of genome segments and gene sequences distinguishes emaraviruses from bunyaviruses and tenuivirus ''Tenuivirus'' is a plant virus genus belonging to ''Phenuiviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emaravirus
''Emaravirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. The plant virus group is the sole genus in the family ''Fimoviridae''. The genus has 21 species. Structure Virions of this genus are between 80 and 100 nm and consists of an enveloped ribonucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. Genome The genomes are segmented, consisting of four strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA. Phylogenetics ''Emaravirus'' has the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genera '' Orthotospovirus'' and ''Orthobunyavirus''. The 3' and 5' ends of the genomic RNAs are complementary (similar to viruses of the ''Bunyavirales'' order), with the sequence 5'-AGUAGUGUUCUCC-3' at the 5' terminus and 5'-GGAGUUCACUACU-3' at the 3' terminus. However, the number of genome segments and gene sequences distinguishes emaraviruses from bunyaviruses and tenuivirus ''Tenuivirus'' is a plant virus genus belonging to ''Phenuiviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fig Mosaic Emaravirus
''Fig mosaic emaravirus'' (FMV) is a segmented, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is determined to be the causal agent of fig mosaic disease (FMD) in fig plants, ''Ficus carica''. It is a member of the genus ''Emaravirus'' and order ''Bunyavirales'' and is transmitted mainly by the eriophyid mite ''Aceria ficus''. FMV can cause a range of symptoms varying in severity, including leaf chlorosis, deformity, and mosaic or discoloration patterns, as well as premature fruit drop. History Fig mosaic disease (FMD) was first described and suspected to be of viral origin in 1933 by Ira J. Condit and W.T.Horne. It was determined to be caused by a virus in 2009 by Jeewan Jyot Walia, Nida M. Salem, and Bryce W. Falk. The disease and associated virus have since been observed in Greece, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, Algeria, Jordan, New Zealand, China, Great Britain, Puerto Rico, Australia, and the United States. Classification FMV has been placed in the genus ''Emarav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize Mosaic Nucleorhabdovirus
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. The term ''maize'' is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as a common name because it refers specifically to this one grain, unlike ''corn'', which has a complex variety of meanings that vary by context and geographic region. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. In addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleorhabdovirus
''Nucleorhabdovirus'' was a genus of viruses in the family ''Rhabdoviridae ''Rhabdoviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, plants, fungi and protozoans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viru ...''. In 2019, the genus was split into the following three genera, all of which still contain the name ''nucleorhabdovirus'' and which are assigned to the same family: * '' Alphanucleorhabdovirus'' * '' Betanucleorhabdovirus'' * '' Gammanucleorhabdovirus'' In 2020, the three genera were organized into subfamily '' Betarhabdovirinae''. References {{Reflist Obsolete virus taxa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize Iranian Mosaic Nucleorhabdovirus
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. The term ''maize'' is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as a common name because it refers specifically to this one grain, unlike ''corn'', which has a complex variety of meanings that vary by context and geographic region. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. In addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat American Striate Mosaic Cytorhabdovirus
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2020, world production of wheat was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is increas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
