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Emaravirus
''Emaravirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. The plant virus group is the sole genus in the family ''Fimoviridae''. The genus has 21 species. Structure Virions of this genus are between 80 and 100 nm and consists of an enveloped ribonucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. Genome The genomes are segmented, consisting of four strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA. Phylogenetics ''Emaravirus'' has the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genera '' Orthotospovirus'' and ''Orthobunyavirus''. The 3' and 5' ends of the genomic RNAs are complementary (similar to viruses of the ''Bunyavirales'' order), with the sequence 5'-AGUAGUGUUCUCC-3' at the 5' terminus and 5'-GGAGUUCACUACU-3' at the 3' terminus. However, the number of genome segments and gene sequences distinguishes emaraviruses from bunyaviruses and tenuivirus ''Tenuivirus'' is a plant virus genus belonging to ''Phenuiviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fig Mosaic Emaravirus
''Fig mosaic emaravirus'' (FMV) is a segmented, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is determined to be the causal agent of fig mosaic disease (FMD) in fig plants, ''Ficus carica''. It is a member of the genus ''Emaravirus'' and order ''Bunyavirales'' and is transmitted mainly by the eriophyid mite ''Aceria ficus''. FMV can cause a range of symptoms varying in severity, including leaf chlorosis, deformity, and mosaic or discoloration patterns, as well as premature fruit drop. History Fig mosaic disease (FMD) was first described and suspected to be of viral origin in 1933 by Ira J. Condit and W.T.Horne. It was determined to be caused by a virus in 2009 by Jeewan Jyot Walia, Nida M. Salem, and Bryce W. Falk. The disease and associated virus have since been observed in Greece, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, Algeria, Jordan, New Zealand, China, Great Britain, Puerto Rico, Australia, and the United States. Classification FMV has been placed in the genus ''Emarav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Plains Wheat Mosaic Emaravirus
''High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus'' (WMoV), or ''High Plains virus'' (HPV) or ''Maize red stripe virus'' (MRSV/MRStV) is the causative agent of High plains disease of maize and wheat. It is spread by wheat curl mite, '' Aceria tosichella'', which also transmits '' Wheat streak mosaic virus''. The mite's ability to transmit a number of different viruses to cereal crops make it an economically important agricultural pest. In late June 2017 this virus was first detected in Canada, in Alberta. The Alberta samples were 99% similar to those in the USA The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori .... As ''Wheat streak mosaic virus'' is already present in Alberta, and coinfection with these two causes even more severe damage, this could cause much higher yield losses. Genome Resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Rosette Emaravirus
''Rose rosette emaravirus'' (RRV) is a negative sense RNA virus species of virus in the order Bunyavirales. It is known to infect roses (''Rosa'' spp.), in which it causes witch's broom Witch's broom or witches' broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a ... and sometimes excessive growth of prickles. The virus is transmitted by a microscopic Eriophyid mite ''Phyllocoptes fructiphilus''. The disease takes 3-4 years to properly phenotype and thus is a hard disease to breed resistance to the virus. Breeding work began with cultivar resistance trials and then morphed into bi-parental and interconnected populations for mapping disease resistance. Recently there have been the first two studies identifying loci for resistance on both the diploid and tetraploid level using mapping populations developed aTexas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Micrograph
A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to as ''photomicroscopy''. At a basic level, photomicroscopy may be performed simply by connecting a camera to a microscope, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ti Ringspot-associated Emaravirus
TI, ti, and variants may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Ti/Si, the seventh syllable in the solfège technique * The International (''Dota 2''), an annual esports tournament for the video game, ''Dota 2'' * ''Twilight Imperium'', a game Businesses and organizations *TI-class supertankers, ultra-large tanker ships operated by Tankers International * Texas Instruments, an American electronics company * TI Group, previously Tube Investments, an English engineering company * Therapeutics Initiative, an evidence based medication evaluation organization * Tiger Inn, a Princeton University eating club * Toastmasters International, an international public speaking organization * Tol Air (IATA airline designator TI) * Tailwind Airlines, IATA code * Transparency International, an international organisation devoted to fighting corruption * Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, an American hotel and casino resort on the Las Vegas Strip People * Ti, a high-status official during the Fifth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redbud Yellow Ringspot-associated Emaravirus
''Cercis'' is a genus of about 10 species in the subfamily Cercidoideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to warm temperate regions. It contains small deciduous trees or large shrubs commonly known as redbuds. They are characterised by simple, rounded to heart-shaped leaves and pinkish-red flowers borne in the early spring on bare leafless shoots, on both branches and trunk ("cauliflory"). ''Cercis'' is derived from the Greek word κερκις (''kerkis'') meaning "weaver's shuttle", which was applied by Theophrastus to '' C. siliquastrum''. ''Cercis'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including mouse moth and ''Automeris io'' (both recorded on eastern redbud). The bark of ''C. chinensis'' has been used in Chinese medicine as an antiseptic. ''Cercis'' fossils have been found that date to the Eocene. Species ''Cercis'' comprises the following species:Fritsch, P.W., C.F. Nowell, L.S.T. Leatherman, W. Gong, B.C. Cruz, D.O. Burge, and A. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raspberry Leaf Blotch Emaravirus
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus ''Rubus'' of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus '' Idaeobatus''. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems. World production of raspberries in 2020 was 895,771 tonnes, led by Russia with 20% of the total. Description A raspberry is an aggregate fruit, developing from the numerous distinct carpels of a single flower. What distinguishes the raspberry from its blackberry relatives is whether or not the torus ( receptacle or stem) "picks with" (i.e., stays with) the fruit. When picking a blackberry fruit, the torus stays with the fruit. With a raspberry, the torus remains on the plant, leaving a hollow core in the raspberry fruit. Raspberries are grown for the fresh fruit market and for commercial processing into individually quick frozen (IQF) fruit, purée, juice, or as dried fruit used in a variety of grocery products such as raspb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pistacia Emaravirus B
''Pistacia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains 10 to 20 species that are native to Africa and Eurasia from the Canary Islands, all of Africa, and southern Europe, warm and semidesert areas across Asia, and North America from Mexico to warm and semidesert United States, such as Texas or California. Description ''Pistacia'' plants are shrubs and small trees growing to tall. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, and can be either evergreen or deciduous depending on species. All species are dioecious, but monoecious individuals of ''Pistacia atlantica'' have been noted. The genus is estimated to be about 80 million years old. It is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. The plants are dioecious, and have male and female trees independently; a viable population should have both sexes. Well-known species in the genus ''Pistacia'' include ''P. vera'', the pistachio, grown for its edible seeds; '' P.&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Emaravirus 2
The pigeon pea (''Cajanus cajan'') is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the Old World. The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. Etymology and other names Scientific epithet The scientific name for the genus ''Cajanus'' and the species ''cajan'' derive from the Malay word ''katjang'' meaning legume in reference to the bean of the plant. Common English names In English they are commonly referred to as pigeon pea which originates from the historical utilization of the pulse as pigeon fodder in Barbados. The term Congo pea and Angola pea developed due to the presence of its cultivation in Africa and the association of its utilization with those of African descent. The names no-eye pea and red gram both refer to the characteristics of the seed, with no-eye pea in reference to the lack of a hilum on most varieties, unli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Emaravirus 1
The pigeon pea (''Cajanus cajan'') is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the Old World. The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. Etymology and other names Scientific epithet The scientific name for the genus ''Cajanus'' and the species ''cajan'' derive from the Malay word ''katjang'' meaning legume in reference to the bean of the plant. Common English names In English they are commonly referred to as pigeon pea which originates from the historical utilization of the pulse as pigeon fodder in Barbados. The term Congo pea and Angola pea developed due to the presence of its cultivation in Africa and the association of its utilization with those of African descent. The names no-eye pea and red gram both refer to the characteristics of the seed, with no-eye pea in reference to the lack of a hilum on most varieties, unli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perilla Mosaic Emaravirus
''Perilla'' is a genus consisting of one major Asiatic crop species ''Perilla frutescens'' and a few wild species in nature belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus encompasses several distinct varieties of Asian herb, seed, and vegetable crop, including '' P. frutescens'' (deulkkae) and ''P. frutescens'' var. ''crispa'' (shiso). The genus name ''Perilla'' is also a frequently employed common name ("perilla"), applicable to all varieties. Perilla varieties are cross-fertile and intra-specific hybridization occurs naturally. Some varieties are considered invasive. Taxa and synonyms The classification of ''Perilla'' is confused, partly because botanists struggled with distinguishing the two distinct cultigens as different species or variations. Until a few decades ago, ''P. frutescens'' var. ''crispa'' was regarded as a species in its own right, distinct from ''P. frutescens'', although it was well established that these types readily cross-pollinate. An early examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pear Chlorotic Leaf Spot-associated Emaravirus
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees. The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture. About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, or dried. Etymology The word ''pear'' is probably from Germanic ''pera'' as a loanword of Vulgar Latin ''pira'', the plural of ''pirum'', akin to Greek ''apios'' (from Mycenaean ''ápisos''), of Semitic origin (''pirâ''), meaning "fruit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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