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Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu
Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu ( fa, محمد خان تخماق استاجلو, translit=Mohammad Xān Toxmāq Ostājlu), also commonly known as Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu ( fa, تخماق خان استاجلو, links=no), was a 16th-century Iranian official, diplomat and military leader from the Turkoman Ustajlu tribe. He was appointed as governor (''beglarbeg'') of Erivan Province (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd) in 1568–1575. Thereafter, he led an embassy to the Ottoman Empire. On his return, he participated in some judicial developments, and was reappointed as governor of Erivan Province in 1578. In the same year, he served as main commander at the Battle of Çıldır during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590, where his army was routed. A few years later, in 1583, Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq's second tenure over the Erivan Province was brought to an end due to encroachments by the Ottomans, who controlled the province until 1604. Biography Embassy to the Ottomans Mohammad Khan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)
The Erivan Province ( fa, ولایت ایروان, translit=Velāyat-e Iravān), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd ( fa, چخور سعد, links=no), was a province of the Safavid Empire, centered on the territory of the present-day Armenia. Erivan (Yerevan) was the provincial capital and the seat of the Safavid governors. At the end of the Safavid period, it had the following administrative jurisdictions; Bayazid, Maghazberd (now near Üçbölük village of Arpaçay district), Maku, Nakhchivan, Sadarak, Shadidlu, Zaruzbil, and the tribal district of the Donbolis. The provinces of Erivan and Qarabagh were the two administrative territories that made up Iranian Armenia. History The alternate name of the province, ''Chokhur-e Sa'd'', had been in use since the fourteenth century. The name is derived from a certain Amir Sa'd, the leader of the Turkic Sa'dlu tribe, who had accompanied Timur from Central Asia. The Sa'dlu's had become prominent under their leader, Amir Sa'd, and settled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ("the Great City"), Πόλις ("the City"), Kostantiniyye or Konstantinopolis ( Turkish) , image = Byzantine Constantinople-en.png , alt = , caption = Map of Constantinople in the Byzantine period, corresponding to the modern-day Fatih district of Istanbul , map_type = Istanbul#Turkey Marmara#Turkey , map_alt = A map of Byzantine Istanbul. , map_size = 275 , map_caption = Constantinople was founded on the former site of the Greek colony of Byzantion, which today is known as Istanbul in Turkey. , coordinates = , location = Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey , region = Marmara Region , type = Imperial city , part_of = , length = , width ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskandar Beg Munshi
Iskandar Beg Munshi ( fa, اسکندربیگ منشی), a.k.a. Iskandar Beg Turkman () ( – c. 1632), was a Persian historian of Turkoman origin of the Safavid emperor Shah Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of ... Abbas I. Iskandar Beg began as an accountant in the bureaucracy, but later became a privileged secretary of the Shahs. He wrote one of the greatest works of Persian historiography, ''Tārīk̲h̲-i ʿĀlam-ārā-yi ʿAbbāsī'' ( Alamara-i Abbasi). The work begins with the origins of the Safavids and continues through the reign of Shah Abbas I. His native language was Azerbaijani.Willem Floor, Hasan Javadi The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran // Iranian Studies. Vol. 46. Issue 4. — 2013. — С. 569-581. ''Not only did Persians learn another lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudi Matthee
Rudolph P. Matthee, best known as Rudi Matthee (born 1953), is John and Dorothy Munroe Distinguished Professor of History in the History Department at the University of Delaware, teaching Middle Eastern history and specializing in the history of early modern Iran. He received his PhD in 1991 from the University of California. Matthee is a member of the Association for the Study of Persianate Societies, for which he also functioned as president twice in 2003-2005 and 2009–2011. He is the author of numerous books and articles on Safavid and Qajar Iran Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م .... Selected publications A selection of Matthee's works: * * * * * * (Editor, with Beth Baron) ''Iran and Beyond: Essays in Middle Eastern History in Honor of Nikki R. Keddie'', Mazd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lala Mustafa Pasha
Lala Mustafa Pasha ( – 7 August 1580), also known by the additional epithet ''Kara'', was an Ottoman Bosnian general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia. Life He was born around 1500, near the Glasinac in Sokolac Plateau in Bosnia to a Christian Sokolović family, the younger brother of Deli Husrev Pasha, who apparently helped him rise through the system's ranks more quickly. Mustafa Pasha briefly served as ''kaymakam'' (acting governor) of Egypt Eyalet in 1549. He had risen to the position of ''Beylerbeyi'' of Damascus and then to that of Fifth Vizier. The honorific "''Lala''" means "tutor to the Sultan"; he was tutor to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent's sons, including Şehzade Bayezid. He also had a long-standing feud with his cousin, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha. He commanded the Ottoman land forces during the conquest of previously Venetian Cyprus in 1570/71, and in the campaign against Georgia and Persia in 1578. During the campaign on Cyprus, Lala Mustafa Pasha, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çıldır
Çıldır ( hy, Հիւսիսեան, Husenian; meaning "North"; ka, ჩრდილი, Chrdili; meaning "Shadow") is a district of Ardahan Province of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in .... Names Çıldır is also called hy, Հիւսիսեան, ''Hiusisean''; ka, ჩრდილი, ''Chrdili''; russian: Чилдыр, ''Childyr'', and Tsiltiri in Pontic Greek. Administrative structure Towns * Çıldır * Aşıkşenlik Villages Geographical Features The district center was established on a flat area with an average height of 1950 meters, and its villages were located on a partly flat and partly hilly land. The total area of the district is 1163 km². Çıldır has a very harsh and cold winter climate, and a warm and rainy summer climate. The average tem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willem Floor
Willem Marius Floor (born 1942) is a Dutch historian, writer, and Iranologist. He was born in 1942 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. After finishing high school, he attended the University of Utrecht where he studied economics, non-Western sociology, and Islamic studies. He also studied Arabic and eventually became interested in Persian. He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1971. The title of his PhD dissertation was "The Guilds In Qajar Persia." Ever since, he has been engaged in Iranian studies. Throughout this time, he has published extensively on the socio-economic history of Iran. As an independent scholar, Willem Floor has published numerous works of history as well as translations. Dr. Floor is also a winner of Farabi International Prize for Humanitarian Studies. Professional Background He started his professional career in 1968 at the Ministry of Development in the Netherlands. Between 1983-2002. Dr. Floor was employed by the World Bank as an energy specialist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divan-begi
The Divan-begi ( fa, دیوانبیگی, Dīvān-beīgī) was a high-ranking official in Judicial system of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), who acted as chief justice of Safavid capital and all over the kingdom's courts. It was the Persian form of Turkic Diwan-begi office, also known as the Imperial Chief Justice or Lord High Justice. Divan-begis presided over an appeals court for the kingdom, except for cases involving military officers or religious officials. Divan-begis had deputies to assist them. List of ''Divan-begis'' Reign of Ismail I * Khadem Beg Talish (1501) * Beiram Beg Qaramanlu (1501–1514) * Husam Beg Qaramanlu (1514) * Amir Harun (1514) Reign of Tahmasp I * Kopek Sultan Ustajlu (1524) * Mohammad Khan Takkalu) (1543/4) * Ebrahim Khan (1541–1557) * (1550) * Badhr Khan (1551) * Ebrahim Khan (1554–1566) Reign of Ismail II * Ebrahim Mirza (1576) * Shahrokh Khan Dhu'l-Qadr (1576) Reign of Mohammad Khodabanda * Hamzeh Khan Ustajlu (1578) * Salman Kh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani
Mirza Shokr Allah Isfahani ( fa, میرزا شکرالله اصفهانی) was a Persian statesman, who served as the chief accountant of the Safavid shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), and later as the grand vizier of shah Ismail II (r. 1576–77) briefly from August 1576 to June 1577, until he was replaced by the influential statesman Mirza Salman Jaberi Mirza Salman Jaberi Isfahani ( fa, میرزا سلمان جابری اصفهانی; also spelled Jabiri) was a prominent Persian statesman in Safavid Iran, who served as the grand vizier of Ismail II (r. 1576-77) and Mohammad Khodabanda (r. 1577 .... He was the father of Mohammad Hossein Tabrizi. References Sources * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza Shokr Allah Isfahani Grand viziers of the Safavid Empire Politicians from Isfahan 16th-century Iranian politicians 16th-century births Year of death unknown 16th-century people of Safavid Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Safavid Grand Viziers
This is the list of grand viziers (''vazīr-e azam'') of Safavid Iran Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside .... List of grand viziers Notes References Sources * * * * * * * * Further reading * {{DEFAULTSORT:List of Safavid Viziers Government of Safavid Iran Lists of office-holders Lists of political office-holders in Iran * Safavid Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail II
Ismail II (; Born Ismail Mirza; 31 May 1537 – 24 November 1577) was the third Shah of Safavid Iran from 1576 to 1577. He was the second son of Tahmasp I with his principal consort, Sultanum Begum. By the orders of Tahmasp, Ismail spent twenty years imprisoned in Qahqaheh Castle; whether for his recurrent conflicts with the realm's influential vassals, or for his growing popularity between the Qizilbash tribes, resulting in Tahmasp becoming wary of his son's influence. Tahmasp died In 1576 without a designed heir. Ismail, with the support of his sister, Pari Khan Khanum, overcame his opponents and usurped the crown. In order to relieve himself of potential claimants, Ismail purged all the male members of the royal family, except for his full-brother, Mohammad Khodabanda and his three sons. In fear of the Qizilbash influence on the administration and the army, Ismail replaced them with people whom he trusted. Ismail belittled the Shi'ia Islam scholars and sought spiritual guid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnameh Of Shah Tahmasp
The ''Shahnameh'' of Shah Tahmasp ( fa, شاهنامه شاهطهماسب) or Houghton ''Shahnameh'' is one of the most famous illustrated manuscripts of the ''Shahnameh'', the national epic of Greater Iran, and a high point in the art of the Persian miniature. It is probably the most fully illustrated manuscript of the text ever produced. When created, the manuscript contained 759 pages, 258 of which were miniatures. These miniatures were hand-painted by the artists of the royal workshop in Tabriz under rulers Ismail I, Shah Ismail I and Tahmasp I, Shah Tahmasp I. Upon its completion, the ''Shahnameh'' was gifted to Ottoman Sultan Selim II in 1568. The page size is about 48 x 32 cm, and the text written in Nastaʿlīq script of the highest quality. The manuscript was broken up in the 1970s and pages are now in a number of different collections around the world. History It was created in Tabriz at the order of Shah Ismail I who had recently taken control of the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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