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Mohammad Ibrahim Kalbasi
) , known_for = , education = , employer = , occupation = Shia Islam jurist, mujtahid, Marja' of Twelver Shia Islam , title = , salary = , networth = , term = , predecessor = , successor = , party = , boards = , spouse = , children = , parents = , relatives = , religion = Islam , background = #ABE9CC , honorific prefix = Grand Ayatollah Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad Ibrahim al-Karbasi (kalbasi) (; fa, محمدابراهیم کرباسی; 1766–1845) known as Sahib al-Isharat () was a Shia jurist, mujtahid, fundamentalist, Quran commentator, theologian, scholar of biographical evaluation and marja', and considered the reviver of the Isfahan Seminary in the 19th-century. Early life and education al-Karbasi was born on 24 September 1766 in Isfahan, Iran, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isfahan
Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Region, Isfahan Province, Iran. It is located south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province. The city has a population of approximately 2,220,000, making it the third-largest city in Iran, after Tehran and Mashhad, and the second-largest metropolitan area. Isfahan is located at the intersection of the two principal routes that traverse Iran, north–south and east–west. Isfahan flourished between the 9th and 18th centuries. Under the Safavids, Safavid dynasty, Isfahan became the capital of Achaemenid Empire, Persia, for the second time in its history, under Shah Abbas the Great. The city retains much of its history. It is famous for its Perso–Islamic architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and mina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik Al-Ashtar
Malik al-Ashtar ( ar, مَالِك ٱلْأَشْتَر), also known as Mālik bin al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿīy al-Maḏḥijīy ( ar, مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلنَّخَعِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ), was one of the loyal companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, according to Shia Islam, Shia Muslims. According to Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, he was one of the people involved behind the Assassination of Uthman, murder of Uthman, the third Rashidun Caliph. According to Shia Islam, Malik remained a loyal and avid supporter of Muhammad's progeny and the Hashemite clan. He rose to a position of prominence during the caliphate of Ali and participated in several battles, such as the Battle of Jamal and Siffin against Muawiyah. His title ''"al-Ashtar"'' references an eyelid injury he received during the Battle of Yarmouk."Biography of Malik al-Ashtar." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. Birth Although Malik's actual birth year is unknown, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza-ye Qomi
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani ( fa, میرزا ابوالقاسم گیلانی), known as Mirza-ye Qomi ( fa, میرزای قمی), the author of the book of ''Qawanin al-Usul'' ( ar, قوانین الاصول, ''The Laws of Principles''), was a Shiite jurist (Faqīh), mujtahid, fundamentalist (Usuli) and a religious reference (Marja') during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar in the twelfth century AH. ''Mirza-ye Qomi'' was active and famous in poetry and calligraphy. He has left more than fifty thousand verses of poetry in Persian and Arabic, as well as writings in Naskh and Nastaliq scripts. Birth ''Mirza Abolghasem Gilani'', known as ''Mirza-ye Qomi'', was born in 1739 CE in Japelaq District, Azna County, Lorestan Province, Iran. He grew up in Japelaq. He was also known as ''Mirza-ye Qomi'' because of his residence in Qom. ''Mirza Abolghasem Gilani'', the son of ''Mullah Mohsen (Mohammad Hassan)'', was originally from Shaft, Gilan Province. His father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیتالله, āyatollāh) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from Arabic word pre-modified with the definite article and Grammatical modifier#Premodifiers and postmodifiers, post-modified with the word ''Allah'', making ( ar, آية الله). The combination has been translated to English as 'Sign of God', 'Divine Sign' or 'Reflection of God'. It is a frequently-used term in Quran, but its usage in this context is presumably a particular reference to the verse "We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their own selves", while it has been also used to refer to The Twelve Imams by Shias. Variants used are ( ar, آية الله في الأنعام, lit=Sign of God among mankind), ( ar, آية الله في العالمَین, lit=Sign of God in the two worlds, Dual (grammatical number), du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Shirazi
al-Mujadid al-Shirazi, ar, المجدد الشيرازي , birth_name = , birth_date = April 25, 1815 , birth_place = Shiraz, Qajar Iran , death_date = , death_place = Samarra, Ottoman Iraq , resting_place = Imam Ali Shrine , location = Najaf, Iraq Samarra, Iraq , title = Grand Ayatollah Mujaddid , period = 1864–1895 , predecessor = Murtadha al-Ansari , successor = Akhund Khorasani , post = Grand Ayatollah , signature = , native_name = , relatives = Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi (grand nephew & grandson-in-law) Razi Shirazi (great grandson) Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi (first cousin, once removed) , Madh'hab = Twelver Shia , institute = Najaf Seminary Samarra Seminary , children = , background = #ABE9CC Grand Ayatollah Mujaddid Mirza Abu Muhammad Mu'iz al-Din Muhammad-Hassan al-Husayni al-Shirazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadi Sabzavari
Hadi Sabzavari ( fa, ملا هادی سبزواری) or Hajj Molla Hadi Sabzavari (1797–1873 CE / 1212 - 1289 AH) was an Iranian philosopher, mystic theologian and poet. Historical background Molla Hadi lived in the Qajar period. According to his description, this period was along with descend of Hikmah; he also complained of his period for the sake of lacking knowledge and philosophy. This kind of thinking was common among Islamic philosophers. There was an intellectual and spiritual turmoil in the Qajar period. In fact, in this period, Iranian encountered with new European thought and revival of traditional thinking; also in this period we can see the diverse developments in beliefs like Shaykhism, Babism and Bahá'í and at the same time weakness and disappearance of Shiite. Molla Hadi is counted as one of the four prominent masters of the Tehran philosophical school, along with Aqa ‘Ali Mudarris, Aqa Muhammad Riza Qumshihi, Mirza Abul Hasan Jelveh. Life He was born in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principles Of Islamic Jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, also known as ''uṣūl al-fiqh'' ( ar, أصول الفقه, lit. roots of fiqh), are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (''sharia''). Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence elaborates how the scriptures (Quran and hadith) should be interpreted from the standpoint of linguistics and rhetoric. It also comprises methods for establishing authenticity of hadith and for determining when the legal force of a scriptural passage is abrogated by a passage revealed at a later date. In addition to the Quran and hadith, the classical theory of Sunni jurisprudence recognizes secondary sources of law: juristic consensus ('' ijmaʿ'') and analogical reasoning ('' qiyas''). It therefore studies the application and limits of analogy, as well as the value and limits of consensus, along with other methodological principles, some of which are accepted by only certain legal s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and examples of the Prophet passed down as hadith). The first Muslims (the Sahabah or Companions) heard and obeyed, and passed this essence of Islam to succeeding generations (''Tabi'un'' and ''Tabi' al-Tabi'in'' or successors/followers and successors of successors), as Muslims and Islam spread from West Arabia to the conquered lands north, east, and west, Hoyland, ''In God's Path'', 2015: p.223 where it was systematized and elaborated Hawting, "John Wansbrough, Islam, and Monotheism", 2000: p.513 The history of Islamic jurisprudence is "customarily divided into eight periods": El-Gamal, ''Islamic Finance'', 2006: pp. 30–31 *the first period ending with the death of Muhammad in 11 AH. *second period "characterized by personal interp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulla Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi
Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi ( fa, محمد مهدی نراقی) (1715-1795) was a Twelver Shi’i scholar, theologian and moral philosopher. Al-Naraqi was a brilliant thinker of the late 12th/18th and early 13th/l8th century. His son, Molla Ahmad Naraqi, was also a celebrated Twelver scholar. In the Qajar dynasty, he was prominent scholar at the philosophy and continued philosophical activities in the Kashan, Iran. Biography Mulla Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi was born in Naraq, a city in the central district of Delijan, Markazi, Iran in 1715 AD. He was known as ''Muhaqiqi Naraqi'' (the Naraqian scholar) and ''Khatam al-Hukama'' (the signet of wises) amongst people. Education After preliminary studies, he went to seminary of Najaf, Iraq. After several years, he returned to Iran and went to seminary of Isfahan and educated in that seminary for thirty years. He was the master of jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, astronomy, and mathematics. Also, he was fluent in Hebrew and Latin to con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr Al-ʿUlūm
Al-Sayyid Moḥammad Mehdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm or Bahrululoom (Arabic: السید محمد مهدی بحرالعلوم) (b.1155 Hijri year, AH (1742 CE)—d.1212 AH (1797 CE)) was a mystic and a Shiite religious authority in the 12th and 13th centuries AH. Birth and lineage ‘Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi Ibne Mortaza Ibne Mohammad Brujerdi Tabatabaie al- Baḥr al-ʿUlūm’ was a famous scholar in the 12th century (A.H.). He was fully proficient in jurisprudence, principle of jurisprudence, Hadith, theology, exegesis of the Quran and the science of transmitters. He was born in Karbala on Eid al-Fitr (at the end of Ramadan) in 1155 (A.H.). his household was related to the Majlesi household such that Baḥr al-ʿUlūm mention first Majlesi as grandfather and second Majlesi as uncle. Education He started his education in his birthplace where his father and Sheykh Yusef Bahrani (the writer of the book of Hadaiq) taught him, then he went to Najaf to complete his education. He went to Mash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Baqir Behbahani
Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Akmal al-Wahid Bihbahani, also Vahid Behbahani (1706–1791), was a Twelver Shia Islamic scholar. He is widely regarded as the founder or restorer of the ''Usuli'' school of Twelver Shi'a Islam and as playing a vital role in narrowing the field of orthodoxy in Twelver Shi'a Islam by expanding "the threat of ''takfir''" against opposing scholars "into the central field of theology and jurisprudence". The dispute In the eighteenth century there was a dispute between the Akhbari and Usuli schools of Shia Islam. Briefly, the Akhbari believed that the sole sources of law were the Qur'an and the Hadith, in particular the Four Books accepted by the Shia: everything in these sources was in principle reliable, and outside them there was no authority competent to enact or deduce further legal rules. The Usuli believed that the Hadith collections contained traditions of very varying degrees of reliability, and that critical analysis was necessary to assess t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashan
Kashan ( fa, ; Qashan; Cassan; also romanized as Kāshān) is a city in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran. At the 2017 census, its population was 396,987 in 90,828 families. Some etymologists argue that the city name comes from the Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this was changed to "Kashian", hence the town name. Between the 12th and the 14th centuries Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (''kashi'') comes from the name of the town. Kashan is divided into two parts, mountainous and desert. In the west side, Kashan is cited in the neighbourhood of two of highest peaks of Karkas chain, Mount Gargash to the southwest of Kashan (the home of Iran national observatory, the largest astronomical telescope of Iran) and Mount Ardehaal in the west of Kashan, also known as "Damavand of Kashan" and the hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
