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Mkhitarashen
Mkhitarashen ( hy, Մխիթարաշեն) or Mukhtar ( az, Muxtar) is a village ''de facto'' in the Askeran Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Toponymy The village was known as ''Mkhitarikend'' ( hy, Մխիթարիքենդ; az, Mxitarikənd; russian: Мхитарикенд) during the Soviet period. History During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. The village has been administrated as part of the Askeran Province of the Republic of Artsakh after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. There was some initial confusion regarding control of the village after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, however, on 1 March 2021, the Armenian news organization CivilNet published a video report from the village, confirming continued Artsakh control. Historical heritage sites Historical heritage sites in and around t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shosh, Nagorno-Karabakh
Shosh ( hy, Շոշ), Shushikend ( hy, Շուշիքենդ; az, Şuşikənd) or Shushakend ( az, Şuşakənd) is a village ''de facto'' in the Askeran Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village has an ethnic Armenian-majority population and also had an Armenian majority in 1989. History Shosh's name and history is connected to that of Shusha (Shushi), which is located a short distance from the village. The Armenian historian Leo considered it likely that the village Shosh received its name from Shushi, which he considered the older settlement, although some sources say that Shushi received its name from the village. During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. The village has been administered by the Republic of Artsakh since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. After the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by law"), which refers to things that happen according to official law, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. History In jurisprudence, it mainly means "practiced, but not necessarily defined by law" or "practiced or is valid, but not officially established". Basically, this expression is opposed to the concept of "de jure" (which means "as defined by law") when it comes to law, management or technology (such as standards) in the case of creation, development or application of "without" or "against" instructions, but in accordance with "with practice". When legal situations are discussed, "de jure" means "expressed by law", while "de facto" means action or what is practiced. Similar expressions: "essentially", "unofficial", "in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its capital was the city of Stepanakert. The leader of the oblast was the First Secretary of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. The majority of the population were ethnic Armenians. History The area was disputed between Armenia and Azerbaijan during their short-lived independence from 1918 and 1920. After the Sovietization of Armenia and Azerbaijan, the Kavbiuro organisation decided to keep the area within the Azerbaijan SSR whilst granting it broad regional autonomy. Initially, the principal city of Karabakh, Shusha, and its surrounding villages were to be excluded from the autonomy as they were predominantly Azerbaijani, particularly after the massacre and expulsion of the majority Armeni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janapar
Janapar Trail () is a marked trail through mountains, valleys, and villages of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh which passes by monasteries and fortresses along its route. The trail consists of several day hikes, taking hikers to a different village each night. Hikers could either stay with a village family or set up camp nearby. The paths have existed for centuries but markings were added in recent years specifically for hikers Provided markers are blue with a yellow footprint. According to the trail's official website, much of the trail became unhikable as a result of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with only the Stepanakert to Patara and Kolotak to Gandzasar sections remaining traversable. Janapar Trail Route The Janapar Trail, marked in 2007, led from the southern town of Hadrut to the capital of Stepanakert over the course of a week. From there the trail continues north to the region of Shahumian, and on to Vardenis in Armenia. Important sites along this hike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around five million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian genocide. Richard G. Hovannisian, ''The Armenian people from ancient to modern times: the fifteenth century to the twentieth century'', Volume 2, p. 421, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. Armenian is an Indo-European language. It has two mutually intelligible spoken and written forms: Eastern Armenian, today spoken mainly in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, starting with the Neolithic Revolution when animals were first domesticated, from around 13,000 BC onwards, predating farming of the first crops. By the time of early civilisations such as ancient Egypt, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs were being raised on farms. Major changes took place in the Columbian exchange, when Old World livestock were brought to the New World, and then in the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century, when livestock breeds like the Dishley Longhorn cattle and Lincoln Longwool sheep were rapidly improved by agriculturalists, such as Robert Bakewell, to yield more meat, milk, and wool. A wide range of other species, such as horse, water buffalo, llama, rabbit, and guinea pig, are used as livestock in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (such as rubber). Food classes include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, cooking oils, meat, milk, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pele Pughi
Pele Pughi (; 1731–1810) was an 18th-century Armenian satirist and fabulist from Karabakh. Biography Pele Poughi was born in 1731 in either Çanaqçı, Khojaly, Avetaranots or Shushikend, Shosh village of Safavid Karabakh. He served as a jester in the court of Melik Shahnazar II, Melik Shahnazar, the ruler of Melikdoms of Karabakh, Varanda Principality. He created funny stories and fables, which, told from mouth to mouth, have been modified and supplemented, reaching modern days under his name. He died in 1810 in Shushikend, Shosh, and is believed to be buried in a cave between Shosh and Mkhitarishen villages, where a memorial monument was erected in 1976. Despite regretting his behaviour at his dawn, Armenians of Karabakh did not forgive Melik Shahnazar's collaboration with Panah Ali Khan and his hostile treatment the other Armenian meliks, and slammed him with satire via Pughi's character. Although the relationship of Pughi and Shahnazar relationship is presented as one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civilitas Foundation
The Civilitas Foundation ( hy, Սիվիլիթաս հիմնադրամ) is an Armenian non-profit organization based in Yerevan, and established in October 2008 by Armenia's former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vartan Oskanian. It is a development agency and think tank currently directed by Apo Boghigian that works to strengthen civil society, promote democracy, economic development and education in Armenia, and facilitate dialogue between Armenia and the international community on a number of pertinent political issues. In doing so, Civilitas has strengthened the ties between Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora. The name was derived from the Latin word ''Civilitas''. CivilNet Media CivilNet, an online bilingual media outlet of the Civilitas Foundation, was launched by Oskanian on September 21, 2011. Through CivilNet, the foundation produces content in Armenian and English like interviews, articles and weekly wrap-up videos, which focus on fundamental human rights, Armenian dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War
The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, the surrounding territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, conflict over the region, involving Azerbaijan, Armenia and the Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh, self-declared Armenian breakaway state of Republic of Artsakh, Artsakh. The war lasted for more than a month and resulted in Azerbaijani victory, with Armenia ceding the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, territories it had occupied in 1994 surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh. The defeat ignited 2020–2021 Armenian protests, anti-government protests in Armenia. Post-war skirmishes continued in the region, including September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes, substantial clashes in 2022. Fighting began on the morning of 27 September, with an Azerbaijani offensive along the Nagorn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War, referred to in Armenia as the Artsakh Liberation War ( hy, Արցախյան ազատամարտ, Artsakhyan azatamart) was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Soviet Republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh. The enclave's parliament had voted in favor of uniting with Armenia and a referendum, boycotted by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno-Karabakh, was held, in which a majority voted in favor of independence. The demand to unify with Armenia began in a relatively peaceful manner in 1988; in the following months, as the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Askeran District (NKAO)
Askeran District ( az, Əsgəran rayonu, Әсҝәран рајону; hy, Ասկերանի շրջան, Askerani shrjan) was an administrative unit within the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. History The capital of the district was the town of Askeran. Until 1978 the district was called the Stepanakert District and its capital was Stepanakert. The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was abolished on 26 November 1991. The district was renamed Khojaly District. Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, all of the district came under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and was incorporated into its Askeran Province. However, following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, invol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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