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Mizukagami
is a Japanese '' rekishi monogatari''. It is believed to have been written in the early Kamakura period around 1195. It is widely credited to Nakayama Tadachika but the actual writer is unknown. It is the third book of the four mirror series. It deals with the oldest time-period, starting with the legendary Emperor Jimmu and ending with Emperor Ninmyō. It is told by a fictitious old woman who is visited by a bhikkhu while staying at Hase-dera. All the facts are taken from ca. 1150 by Kōen, the teacher of Hōnen. "Mizukagami" refers to the reflective pool in Japanese gardens in which can be seen such things as bridges and cherry blossoms in its reflection. See also * ''Ōkagami'' * '' Imakagami'' * ''Masukagami is a Japanese historical tale written in the early Muromachi period believed to be between 1368 and 1376. The author is not known but is believed to be Nijō Yoshimoto.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "''Masu-kagami''" i ''Japan Ency ...'' Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imakagami
The is a Japanese ''rekishi-monogatari'' ( historical tale) written in the late Heian period.''Britannica Kokusai Dai-hyakkajiten'' article "Imakagami". 2007. Britannica Japan Co.'' MyPedia'' article "Imakagami". 2007. Hitachi Systems & Services.''Digital Daijisen'' entry "Imakagami". Shogakukan. It is also called the or the . Date and authorship It has been speculated that the work was compiled in or shortly after 1170; Donald Keene, citing Isao Takehana, stated that the work was probably written between the eighth month of 1174 and the seventh month of 1175.Keene 1999 : 559, citing (566, note 28) Takehana 1984 : 620 (Vol. 3). The author is uncertain, but the most likely candidate is the ''waka'' poet .Keene 1999 : 559, citing (566, note 29) Takehana 1984 : 620-622 (Vol. 3) and Matsumura 1979 : 156-161. Structure and style The text is in ten volumes, and is told from the point of view of an elderly woman who is described as a granddaughter of , the narrator of the ''Ōkagami'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rekishi Monogatari
''Rekishi monogatari'' (歴史物語) is a category of Japanese literature defined as extended prose narrative. Structurally, the name is composed of the Japanese words ''rekishi'' (歴史), meaning history, and ''monogatari'' (物語), meaning tale or narrative. Because of this it is commonly translated as ‘historical tale’. Although now categorised as works of fiction, Japanese readers before the nineteenth century traditionally accepted and read ''rekishi monogatari,'' as well as the related ''gunki monogatari'' and earlier ''Six National Histories'', as literal and chronological historical accounts. History Creation of ''monogatari'' ''Monogatari'' is categorised as Japanese extended prose literature, and is comparable to the epic novel. It first emerged in the late ''Heian period'', which held dominion from 749-1573 C.E. It is believed to have originated from the oral tradition of the court ladies at the time. This is supported through the language used in examples of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakayama Tadachika
was a Japanese court noble and writer during the late Heian and early Kamakura period and a member of the influential Fujiwara family. His works are valuable historical documents describing a pivotal period in Japanese history when power shifted from aristocratic families at the Heian court to regional military rulers such as ''daimyōs'' and ''shōguns''. Family He was the third son of , member of the Kasannoin family who were direct descendants of the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara clan. His mother was a daughter of . Living the last years of his life in Nakayama, in the Eastern partEast of the Kamo River of the capital at Heian-kyō (Kyoto), he took the name . Nakayama Tadachika is the founder of the Nakayama family. Political career He made a career as lieutenant general of the imperial guards, became Head Chamberlain (''kurōdo no tō'') and in 1164 was appointed as associate counselor ('' Sangi'') at the Imperial court. During the heyday of the Taira, he was appointed Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkagami
''Ōkagami'' () is a Japanese historical tale written in around 1119 by an unknown author. It covers the period 850 to 1025, the golden days of the Fujiwara family's rule. It is said to be a successor (世継物語, ''yotsugi monogatari'') with the records of the Eiga Monogatari. In the tale, the writer listens to a conversation mainly led by a 190-year-old man, Ōyake no Yotsugi (大宅世継, literally "world-successor"), who recalls the past. A 180-year-old man, Natsuyama no Shigeki (夏山繁樹), adds comments and a young samurai puts questions to these two elders. This narrative strategy makes the story vivid and allows for the natural addition of various opinions and criticisms. The structure is modelled after traditional Chinese history books like ''the Records of the Grand Historian''. It consists of Preface, Stories of Emperors, Stories of Ministers, Miscellaneous Stories and Post-fin. This and three other tales with ''mirror'' (鏡 ''kagami'', also read ''kyō'') in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masukagami
is a Japanese historical tale written in the early Muromachi period believed to be between 1368 and 1376. The author is not known but is believed to be Nijō Yoshimoto.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "''Masu-kagami''" i ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 615./ref> It is the last of four works of mirror series and follows most recent events. ''Masukagami'' is twenty volumes in total and follow events from 1183 to 1333 in accordance with the way Chinese classical historical tales were written. It starts with the accession of Emperor Go-Toba and ends with Emperor Go-Daigo's punishment of being deported to an island of Oki Province. The story is told through a fictitious hundred year old Buddhist nun of Seiryō-ji. See also * ''Ōkagami'' * '' Imakagami'' * ''Mizukagami'' Notes References * Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamakura Period
The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoritomo after the conclusion of the Genpei War, which saw the struggle between the Taira and Minamoto clans. The period is known for the emergence of the samurai, the warrior caste, and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan. During the early Kamakura period, the shogunate continued warfare against the Northern Fujiwara which was only defeated in 1189. Then, the authority to the Kamakura rulers waned in the 1190s and power was transferred to the powerful Hōjō clan in the early 13th century with the head of the clan as regent (Shikken) under the shogun which became a powerless figurehead. The later Kamakura period saw the invasions of the Mongols in 1274 and again in 1281. To reduce the amount of chaos, the Hōjō rulers decided to decentralize power by allowing two imperial lines – Northern and Southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Jimmu
was the legendary first emperor of Japan according to the '' Nihon Shoki'' and '' Kojiki''. His ascension is traditionally dated as 660 BC.Kelly, Charles F"Kofun Culture" April 27, 2009.* Kitagawa, Joseph (1987). : "emphasis on the undisrupted chronological continuity from myths to legends and from legends to history, it is difficult to determine where one ends and the next begins. At any rate, the first ten legendary emperors are clearly not reliable historical records." * Boleslaw Szczesniak, "The Sumu-Sanu Myth: Notes and Remarks on the Jimmu Tenno Myth", in '''', Vol. 10, No. 1/2 (Winter 1954), pp. 107–26. . . In [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Ninmyō
was the 54th emperor of Japan, Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum, Imperial Household Agency according to the traditional order of succession. Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the Heian period. Traditional narrative Ninmyō was the second son of Emperor Saga and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko. His personal name (''imina'') was . After his death, he was given the title . Ninmyō had nine Empresses, Imperial consorts, and concubines (''kōi''); and the emperor had 24 Imperial sons and daughters. Brown and Ishida, p. 283. Emperor Ninmyō is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates , in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, as the location of Ninmyō's mausoleum. Events of Ninmyō's life Ninmyō ascended to the throne following the abdication of his uncle, Emperor Junna. * 6 January 823 (): Received the title of Crown Prince at the age of 14. * 22 March 833 (): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, the emperor abdicated; an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhikkhu
A ''bhikkhu'' (Pali: भिक्खु, Sanskrit: भिक्षु, ''bhikṣu'') is an ordained male in Buddhist monasticism. Male and female monastics ("nun", ''bhikkhunī'', Sanskrit ''bhikṣuṇī'') are members of the Sangha (Buddhist community). The lives of all Buddhist monastics are governed by a set of rules called the prātimokṣa or pātimokkha. Their lifestyles are shaped to support their spiritual practice: to live a simple and meditative life and attain nirvana. A person under the age of 20 cannot be ordained as a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni but can be ordained as a śrāmaṇera or śrāmaṇērī. Definition ''Bhikkhu'' literally means "beggar" or "one who lives by alms". The historical Buddha, Prince Siddhartha, having abandoned a life of pleasure and status, lived as an alms mendicant as part of his śramaṇa lifestyle. Those of his more serious students who renounced their lives as householders and came to study full-time under his supervision also adopte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hase-dera
is the main temple of the Buzan sect of Shingon Buddhism. The temple is located in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The Main Hall is a National Treasure of Japan. Overview According to the description on , which is enshrined at Hase-dera, the temple was first built in 686 and dedicated to Emperor Tenmu, who was suffering from a disease. Later, in the year 727, the temple was expanded by order of Emperor Shōmu and a statue of the eleven-faced Kannon was placed near the original temple that enshrined the bronze plaque. The temple has been burned down and rebuilt as many as ten times since the 10th century. During the Heian period the temple was favored by members of the nobility, such as the authors of the ''Kagerō Nikki'' and the '' Sarashina Nikki''. Hase-dera was consistently popular with visitors, helped by the fact it was situated on what was then the route to the Ise Shrine. Later still, Hase-dera flourished as one of the centers of the reformed Shingon Buddhism, par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusō Ryakuki
The by Kōen, the teacher of Hōnen, is a Japanese historical text compiled at the end of the twelfth century. It is also called the or . Overview The ''Fusō Ryakuki'' is a Japanese historical text compiled at the end of the Heian period. It is also called the ''Fusō-ki'' or ''Fusō-shū''. It was compiled by the Enryaku-ji Tendai monk , who died in 1169. It is written in ''kanbun'', in an annal style. According to the ', it was originally in thirty books, but of these only books 2 through 6 (Empress Jingū to Emperor Shōmu) and 20 through 30 (Emperor Yōzei to Emperor Horikawa), or sixteen books in total, are extant. The complete work originally chronicled Japan's history from the reign of Emperor Jimmu in the seventh century BCE to Kanji 8 (1094 CE). Using surviving extracts, however, the ''Ryakuki''s accounts of the reigns of Emperor Jimmu through Emperor Heizei can be reconstructed to some extent. It utilizes the ''Six National Histories'', as well as poetic diaries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōnen
was the religious reformer and founder of the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism called . He is also considered the Seventh Jōdo Shinshū Patriarch. Hōnen became a Tendai initiate at an early age, but grew disaffected and sought an approach to Buddhism that anyone could follow, even during the perceived Three Ages of Buddhism, Age of Dharma Decline. After discovering the writings of the Chinese Buddhist Shandao, he undertook the teaching of rebirth in the pure land of Amitābha through nianfo or "recitation of the Buddha's name". Hōnen gathered a wide array of followers and critics. Emperor Tsuchimikado exiled Hōnen and his followers in 1207 after an incident regarding two of his disciples in addition to persuasion by influential Buddhist communities. Hōnen was eventually pardoned and allowed to return to Kyoto, where he stayed for a short time before his death. Biography Early life Hōnen was born to a prominent family in the city of Kume in Mim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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