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Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 364 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 83. The manuscript is lacunose. Tischendorf labelled it by 137a and 176p. According to some scholars, it is one of very few witnesses of the Western text-type with complete text of the Book of Acts. But Robert Waltz categorizes it with the Harklean Family (Family 2138) in a subgroup with its close relative Minuscule 2412. The earliest representative of this family is the marginal readings of the seventh-century Harklean Syriac version. Description The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 276 parchment leaves (size ), with only one lacuna (Jude 3-25). The tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. It gives an account of the ministry and activity of Christ's apostles in Jerusalem and other regions, after Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 90–110. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Bell & Sons
George Bell & Sons was a book publishing house located in London, United Kingdom, from 1839 to 1986. History George Bell & Sons was founded by George Bell as an educational bookseller, with the intention of selling the output of London university presses; but became best known as an independent publisher of classics and children's books. One of Bell's first investments in publishing was a series of ''Railway Companions''; that is, booklets of timetables and tourist guides. Within a year Bell's publishing business had outstripped his retail business, and he elected to move from his original offices into Fleet Street. There G. Bell & Sons branched into the publication of books on art, architecture, and archaeology, in addition to the classics for which the company was already known. Bell's reputation was only improved by his association with Henry Cole. In the mid-1850s, Bell expanded again, printing the children's books of Margaret Gatty (''Parables from Nature'') and Julia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 206
Minuscule 206 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 365 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, partly on parchment, partly on paper (like codex 69). Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 59. It has marginalia. Formerly it was assigned by 214a and 270p. Scrivener labelled it by 182a. Description The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Pauline epistles, and Catholic epistles on 397 leaves (size ), with some lacunae (Acts 1:1-12:3; 13:5-15(?); 2 John-Jude). The text is written in 1 column per page, 20 lines per page. The order of books: Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. It has some additional matter, like Journeys of Paul (as Minuscule 102, 216, 256, 468, 614, 665, 909, 912). The text is divided according to the ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 102
Minuscule 102 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 499 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 52. Formerly it was labelled by 99a and 114p. Description The codex contains a complete text of the Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 111 paper leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 34 lines per page. It contains prolegomena, Argumentum (explanation of using the Eusebian Canons), tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each sacred book, liturgical books (Synaxarion and Menologion), Euthalian Apparatus, and some Patristic writings (on folios 112-407), among them the Life and Speeches of Gregory Nazianzus. It contains summaries of the journeys of St. Paul and his death (as in 206 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liturgical
Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembrance, supplication, or repentance. It forms a basis for establishing a relationship with God. Technically speaking, liturgy forms a subset of ritual. The word ''liturgy'', sometimes equated in English as " service", refers to a formal ritual enacted by those who understand themselves to be participating in an action with the divine. Etymology The word ''liturgy'' (), derived from the technical term in ancient Greek ( el, λειτουργία), ''leitourgia'', which literally means "work for the people" is a literal translation of the two words "litos ergos" or "public service". In origin, it signified the often expensive offerings wealthy Greeks made in serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menologion
Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν ''mén'' "a month", via Latin ''menologium'', the literal meaning is "month-set"—in other words, a book arranged according to the months. Like a good many other liturgical terms (e.g., lectionary), the word has been used in several quite distinct senses. Definitions ''Menologion'' has several different meanings: * "Menologion" is not infrequently used as synonymous with "Menaion" (pl. ''Menaia''). The Menaia, usually in twelve volumes—one for each month—but sometimes bound in three, form an office-book, which in the Orthodox Church, corresponds roughly to the '' Proprium Sanctorum'' of the Latin Breviary. They include all the propers (variable parts) of the services connected with the commemoration of saints and in particular the cano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synaxarion
Synaxarion or Synexarion (plurals Synaxaria, Synexaria; el, Συναξάριον, from συνάγειν, ''synagein'', "to bring together"; cf. etymology of ''synaxis'' and ''synagogue''; Latin: ''Synaxarium'', ''Synexarium''; cop, ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ; ar, ٱلسِّنْكِسَارُ/ٱلسَّنْكِسَارُ/ٱلسِّنَكْسَارُ, translit=As-sinkisār/As-sankisār/As-sinaksār) is the name given in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches to a compilation of hagiographies corresponding roughly to the martyrology of the Roman Church. There are two kinds of synaxaria: *Simple synaxaria: lists of the saints arranged in the order of their anniversaries, e.g. the calendar of Morcelli *Historical synaxaria: including biographical notices, e.g. the Menologion of Basil II and the synaxarium of Sirmond. The notices given in the historical synaxaria are summaries of those in the great menologies, or collections of lives of saints, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sticheron
A sticheron (Greek: "set in verses"; plural: stichera; Greek: ) is a hymn of a particular genre sung during the daily evening (Hesperinos/Vespers) and morning (Orthros) offices, and some other services, of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches. ''Stichera'' are usually sung in alternation with or immediately after psalm or other scriptural verses. These verses are known as ''stichoi'' (sing: ''stichos''), but ''sticheraric'' poetry usually follows the hexameter and is collected in a book called sticherarion (Greek: ). A sticherarion is a book containing the stichera for the morning and evening services throughout the year, but chant compositions in the ''sticheraric melos'' can also be found in other liturgical books like the Octoechos or the ''Anastasimatarion'', or in the Anthology for the Divine Liturgy. The sticheraric melos and the troparion In the current traditions of Orthodox Chant, the ''sticherarion'' as a hymn book was also used to call a chant genre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anagnostis
In some Christian denominations, a reader or lector is the person responsible for reading aloud excerpts of scripture at a liturgy. In early Christian times the reader was of particular value due to the rarity of literacy. Catholic Church In the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, the term ''lector'' or ''reader''" means someone who in a particular liturgy is assigned to read a Biblical text other than the Gospel (reading the Gospel at Mass is reserved specifically to the deacon or, in his absence, to the priest). But it also has the more specific meaning of a person who has been "instituted" as a lector or reader, and is such even when not assigned to read in a specific liturgy. The office was formerly classed as one of the four minor orders. However, since 1 January 1973, the apostolic letter ''Ministeria quaedam'' decreed instead that: # What up to now were called minor orders are henceforth to be called ''ministries''. # Ministries may be assigned to lay Christians; hence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incipits
The incipit () of a text is the first few words of the text, employed as an identifying label. In a musical composition, an incipit is an initial sequence of notes, having the same purpose. The word ''incipit'' comes from Latin and means "it begins". Its counterpart taken from the ending of the text is the explicit. Before the development of titles, texts were often referred to by their incipits, as with for example ''Agnus Dei''. During the medieval period in Europe, incipits were often written in a different script or colour from the rest of the work of which they were a part, and "incipit pages" might be heavily decorated with illumination. Though the word ''incipit'' is Latin, the practice of the incipit predates classical antiquity by several millennia and can be found in various parts of the world. Although not always called by the name of ''incipit'' today, the practice of referring to texts by their initial words remains commonplace. Historical examples Sumerian In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lectionary
A lectionary ( la, lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christianity, Christian or Judaic worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an :wikt:epistolary, epistolary with the readings from the New Testament Epistles. History The Talmud claims that the practice of reading appointed Scriptures on given days or occasions dates back to the time of Moses and began with the annual religious festivals of Passover, Pentecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles (Talmud, ''Megilah 32a''). The Mishnah portion of the Talmud, probably finished in the early 3rd century AD/CE (''Anno'' ''Domini'' or Common Era) contains a list of Torah readings for various occasions (Talmud, ''Megilah 32a'') and assumes that these special readings interrupt a regular schedule of Torah readings (Talmud, ''Megilah 29a, 30b''). In addition to these Torah readings, the later Gemara portion of the Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolegomenon
In an essay, article, or book, an introduction (also known as a prolegomenon) is a beginning section which states the purpose and goals of the following writing. This is generally followed by the body and conclusion. Common features and techniques The introduction typically describes the scope of the document and gives a brief explanation or a summary of the document. It may also explain certain elements that are important to the document. The readers can thus have an idea about the following text before they actually start reading it. The University of Toronto provides advice about how to write essays: A good introduction should identify your topic, provide essential context, and indicate your particular focus in the essay. It also needs to engage your readers’ interest. Some authors write their introduction first, while others prefer to leave it for a later stage in the writing process; another option is to start with a rough draft introduction, and then come back to finis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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