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Mining Office
A ''Bergamt'' or mining office is a mining supervisory authority in German-speaking countries below the level of the state. It exercises immediate supervision of all activities, facilities and equipment associated with mining. This includes the promotion and monitoring of operational safety and workplace safety. Germany In Germany, the legal basis for the supervision of mining operations is the Federal Mining Act (''Bundesberggesetz''). The states are responsible for the execution of the act through their respective state authorities which are: * Freiburg Regional Authority (''Regierungspräsidium Freiburg'') for Baden-Württemberg *North Bavaria Mining Office (''Bergamt Nordbayern'') and South Bavaria Mining Office (''Bergamt Südbayern'') for Bavaria *State Office of Mining, Geology and Raw Materials (''Landesamt für Bergbau, Geologie und Rohstoffe'') for Berlin and Brandenburg *State Office of Mining, Energy and Geology (''Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie'') for Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic viability of investing in the equipment, labor, and energy required to extract, refine and transport the materials found at the mine to manufacturers who can use the material. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupational Safety And Health
Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work (i.e. in an occupation). These terms also refer to the goals of this field, so their use in the sense of this article was originally an abbreviation of ''occupational safety and health program/department'' etc. The goal of an occupational safety and health program is to foster a safe and healthy occupational environment. OSH also protects all the general public who may be affected by the occupational environment.Fanning, Fred E. (2003). Basic Safety Administration: A Handbook for the New Safety Specialist, Chicago: American Society of Safety Engineers Globally, more than 2.78 million people die annually as a result of workplace-related accidents or diseases, corresponding to one death every fifteen seconds. There are an additional 374 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freiburg (region)
Freiburg is one of the four Regierungsbezirke of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the south-west of the country. It covers the Black Forest (''Schwarzwald'') hills as well as the Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ... valley. It is sub-divided into the three regions (''Regionalverband'') Hochrhein-Bodensee, Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg and Südlicher Oberrhein. Economy The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 86.9 billion € in 2018, accounting for 2.6% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €35,300 or 117% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 97% of the EU average. References External links * {{Authority control Geography of Baden-Württemberg Government regions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darmstadt (region)
Darmstadt is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the south of the state. The other two Regierungsbezirke are Giessen Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (), is a town in the German state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 univer ... and Kassel Economy The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 207.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 6.2% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 47,800 € or 159% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 127% of the EU average. This makes it one of the wealthiest regions in Germany and Europe. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Darmstadt (Region) Government regions of Germany NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union Regions of Hesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnsberg (region)
Arnsberg () is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the west-central part of the country. It covers the Sauerland hills as well as the east part of the Ruhr area. The region was founded in 1815 as a subdivision of the Prussian Province of Westphalia. ''Kreise''(counties) # Ennepe-Ruhr # Hochsauerland # Märkischer Kreis # Olpe # Siegen-Wittgenstein # Soest # Unna Unna is a city of around 59,000 people in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the seat of the Unna district. The newly refurbished Unna station has trains to all major cities in North Rhine Westphalia including Dortmund, Cologne, Münster, Hamm, ... ''Kreisfreie Städte''(independent cities) # Bochum # Dortmund # Hagen # Hamm # Herne Economy The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 124.8 billion € in 2018, accounting for 3.7% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 32,000 € or 106% of the EU27 average in the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxon Mining Office
The Saxon Mining Office (german: Sächsisches Oberbergamt) is the executive authority for mining rights in the German state of Saxony. It is also responsible for all non-metallic mineral resources on the terrain of the former East Germany. History Based on discoveries of silver in 1168, Freiberg developed into the centre of Ore Mountains and Saxon ore mining. A mining office (''Bergamt'') and master miner (''Bergmeister'') were mentioned here in 1241. Freiberg mining law ('' Bergrecht''), first laid down in writing in 1307, was subsequently adopted in many other European mining regions. In 1470 rich silver finds in the Ore Mountains (at Schneeberg Annaberg-Buchholz and Marienberg) resulted in a new (the second) '' Berggeschrey''(silver rush). The mining industry expanded rapidly, and in the wake of this growth a single mining administration was gradually set up in Albertine Saxony during the early 16th century. The Annaberg mining regulations (''Bergordnung'') enacted in 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherlands , established_title2 = Act of Abjuration , established_date2 = 26 July 1581 , established_title3 = Peace of Münster , established_date3 = 30 January 1648 , established_title4 = Kingdom established , established_date4 = 16 March 1815 , established_title5 = Liberation Day (Netherlands), Liberation Day , established_date5 = 5 May 1945 , established_title6 = Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom Charter , established_date6 = 15 December 1954 , established_title7 = Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean reorganisation , established_date7 = 10 October 2010 , official_languages = Dutch language, Dutch , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = , languages2_type = Reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergordnung
The Bergordnung were the mining regulations or law enacted in order to exercise the royal mining rights or ''Bergregal'' in central Europe in medieval times. See also * Bergrecht * Bergregal Literature * Hermann Brassert (ed.): ''Berg-Ordnungen der preussischen Lande.'', Cologne, 1858digitalised * Hubert Ermisch: ''Das Sächsische Bergrecht des Mittelalters.'' Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig, 1887digitalised * Franz Johann Friedrich Meyer: ''Versuch einer Geschichte der Bergwerksverfassung und der Bergrechte des Harzes im Mittelalter.'' Eisenach, 1817 * Joseph von Sperges: ''Tyrolische Bergwerksgeschichte.'' Wien 1765digitalised * Aemil Steinbeck: ''Geschichte des Schlesischen Bergaues, seiner Verfassung, seines Betriebes.'' 2 Bände, Breslau 1857ff.digitalised Vol. 1 * Kaspar Maria von Sternberg Count Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (also: ''Caspar Maria'', ''Count Sternberg'', german: Kaspar Maria Graf Sternberg, cs, hrabě Kašpar Maria Šternberk), 1761, Prague – 1838, Bř ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergregal
The ''Bergregal'' () was the historic right of ownership of untapped mineral resources in parts of German-speaking Europe; ownership of the ''Bergregal'' meant entitlement to the rights and royalties from mining. Historically, it was one of those privileges that constituted the original sovereign rights of the king. In addition to the ''Bergregal'', another important sovereign privilege was the ''Münzregal'' or minting rights, which was a consequence of the ''Bergregal'' since coins were minted near the mines from which their metal was obtained. History In the early days of the Roman Empire, the landowner had the right to extract minerals. The reason behind this was that mineral resources were seen as "fruit of the soil" which were deemed to belong the landowner. The first regalia, or royal privileges, emerged in the first millennium, but there was still no ''Bergregal'' governing mining rights as part of the laws regulating property. Emperors and kings, the nobility or cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining In The Harz
Mining in the Upper Harz region of central Germany was a major industry for several centuries, especially for the production of silver, lead, copper, and, latterly, zinc as well. Great wealth was accumulated from the mining of silver from the 16th to the 19th centuries, as well as from important technical inventions. The centre of the mining industry was the group of seven Upper Harz mining towns of Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Sankt Andreasberg, Wildemann, Grund, Lautenthal und Altenau. History The Upper Harz was once one of the most important mining regions in Germany. The major products of its mines were silver, copper, lead, iron and, from the 19th century, zinc as well. The main source of income, however, was silver. From the 16th to the middle of the 19th centuries about 40–50% of the entire German silver production originated in the Upper Harz. The taxes raised from this contributed significantly to the revenue of the royal houses in Hanover and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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