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Milorg Men March From Akershus Fortress, 1945
Milorg (abbreviation of militær organisasjon – military organization) was the main Norwegian resistance movement during World War II. Resistance work included intelligence gathering, sabotage, supply-missions, raids, espionage, transport of goods imported to the country, release of Norwegian prisoners and escort for citizens fleeing the border to neutral Sweden. History Following the German occupation of Norway in April 1940, Milorg was formed in May 1941 as a way of organizing the various groups that wanted to participate in an internal military resistance. At first, Milorg was not well coordinated with the Special Operations Executive (SOE), the British organization to plan and lead resistance in occupied countries. In November 1941 the Milorg became integrated with the High Command of the Norwegian government in exile in London, answering to the British Army's Department British Field Office IV, which dealt with sabotage operations, but Milorg's British counterpart, SOE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Resistance Movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: ''Motstandsbevegelsen'') to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms: *Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration *The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture *The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government *Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation *Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance Asserting legitimacy of exiled Norwegian government The Norwegian government of Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold, with the exception of foreign mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olav Njølstad
Olav Njølstad (born 1 March 1957) is a Norwegian historian, biographer and novelist. He is director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute. Literary background As a novelist he made his literary debut in 2003 with the thriller ''Mannen med oksehjertet'', and wrote the novel ''Brennofferet'' in 2005. His biography of resistance leader, government minister and lawyer Jens Christian Hauge (''Jens Chr. Hauge – fullt og helt'' from 2008) was well received by the critics. Selected works *''Kunnskap om våpen: forsvarets forskningsinstitutt 1946 – 1975'' (1997) (With Olav Wicken) *''Strålende forskning: Institutt for energiteknikk 1948 – 1998'' (1999) *''War and Peace in the 20th Century and Beyond'' (edited with Geir Lundestad Geir Lundestad (born January 17, 1945) is a Norwegian historian, who until 2014 served as the director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute when Olav Njølstad took over. In this capacity, he also served as the secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Watzinger
Herman Watzinger was a Norwegian engineer in the area of cooling technique from NTH (now NTNU) in Trondheim and a crewmember on the Kon-Tiki expedition. He was also a Milorg member during the Second World War operation Polar Bear II, which was brought to Trondheim by Captain Leif Hauge.Polar Bear II was the codename for the plan and protection of harbors and port installations in Norway. A total of 123 officers were with the group. → Biography Herman Watzinger was born on 20 April 1916 in Wiesbaden, Germany. He then continued with doctoral studies at NTH (NTNU), which was cancelled because of World War II, and applied for a job in the US and sought a visa to the US. He met Thor Heyerdahl in New York City, where he was asked to participate in the construction of the Kon-Tiki raft and become a member of the expedition. On board the raft, where he was second in command, he was responsible for meteorological and hydrographic measurements. He moved to Lima, Peru, in 1950. On 25 Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Tømmerbakke
Andreas Tømmerbakke (24 July 1910 – 3 November 1994) was a Norwegian actuary and resistance member against the Nazi occupation of Norway. He was born in Bergen, and finished his secondary education at Bergen Cathedral School in 1929. He studied at the Royal Frederick University and graduated with the cand.oecon. degree in 1934. In 1935 he took the actuary examination. He worked in the insurance company Norske Forenede Livsforsikringsselskap from 1936 to 1947, Statens Kornforretning from 1947 to 1952 and then in the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was a member of Milorg. He was one of the closest helpers of Lorentz Brinch Lorentz Wilhelm Brinch (9 May 1910 – 20 May 1953) was a Norwegian barrister, military officer, banker and politician for the Conservative Party. Pre-war life He was born in Kristiania as a son of barrister Christian Nicolay Brinch (1861–1 ..., leader of District 13 based in Norway's capital. Brinch, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hjalmar Steenstrup
Hjalmar Steenstrup (11 October 1890 – 18 December 1945) was a Norwegian insurance agent, and Milorg pioneer and intelligence agent during World War II. Personal life Steenstrup was born in Modum as a son of curate Hjalmar Steenstrup (1847–1915) and his wife Fredrikke Brun (1861–1905). He was a descendant of Paul Steenstrup and Peter Steenstrup, and a nephew of Johan Brun and brother-in-law of Gunnar Isachsen. He married Eva Glatved Martens (1896–1976) in August 1916 in Alversund. Career Steenstrup worked for and later managed the insurance company ''Det norske gjensidige Skogbrandforsikringsselskab''. He was co-founder and manager of the insurance association Samtrygd Gjensidig Norsk Forsikringsforening. He issued the book ''Hvem er hvem?'' (lit. "Who is Who?") for 1930, 1934 and 1938, and wrote journal articles on insurance matters as well as on language politics. He had been a co-founder of Riksmålsvernet in 1919. World War II During the German occupation of Norw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reidun Røed
Reidun Røed, née Hjartøy (22 March 1921 – 5 April 2009) was a Norwegian resistance member. She was born in Rjukan, but the family moved to Jar in her youth, and she finished her secondary education at Stabekk Upper Secondary School. She studied chemistry at the University of Oslo, but this ended when the university was closed by the Nazi occupiers (1940–1945) of Norway following the 1943 University of Oslo fire. She worked as an assistant at the Norwegian Radium Hospital until 1944, when she was hired as a secretary for the leader of Milorg's District 13 based in Norway's capital. She started working for Major Oliver H. Langeland, the first leader of D13. In July 1944 Langeland received orders from London to leave the country, and travelled to England via Sweden, and Lorentz Brinch took over as the new leader of D13. Hjartøy was one of district leader Brinch's closest helpers. Brinch, Hjartøy and Andreas Tømmerbakke were the three people usually present at the distric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terje Rollem
Terje Rollem (born Terje Rolld Martinsen; 16 September 1915 – 4 April 1993) was a Norwegian ''oberst'' and officer in Milorg during the German occupation of Norway. He is best known for assuming command of Akershus Fortress from the German occupiers at the end of the Second World War. Early life Terje Rollem was born in Bærum to a clerk named Theodor Georg Martinsen and his wife Margit Dagny Berner Høglund. He grew up with his brothers Egil, Svein Thor, Bjørn and Dag. After taking exams at Holte Gymnasium in Denmark, Rollem entered Stabekk Upper Secondary School with a focus on ''realfag'' (emphasis on primarily science and mathematics). He finished the examen artium in 1934, and the next year began his military career at the Officer Candidate School for ''Kavaleriet'' (cavalry/dragoon branch of the Norwegian Army, lit. "the cavalry") located at Gardermoen army base. He attended two more schools in the years following: Wangs Vocational school in 1939 and Oslo Technical sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knut Møyen
Knut Møyen (19 January 1907 – 20 March 1984) was a Norwegian economist and resistance member. He was born in Aker. After the German invasion of Norway in 1940 he participated in the Norwegian Campaign. From 1941 to 1942 he was a central organizer of the underground military organization Milorg. His "shadow" Jens Christian Hauge later eventually became the leader of Milorg. In 1942 he just managed to avoid being caught by the Gestapo, and fled to Sweden and later to the United Kingdom. In London he served at the Norwegian High Command. He was awarded St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch and the Defence Medal 1940–1945. He died in Oslo in 1984. A memorial designed by Nils Aas was unveiled in Nordmarka Nordmarka is the mostly forested region which makes up the northern part of Oslo, Norway. Nordmarka is the largest and most central part of Oslomarka. The area called Nordmarka also extends into the municipalities of Hole, Ringerike, Lunner, Je ... in 1989. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arne Laudal
Arne Laudal (25 September 1892 – 9 May 1944) was a Norwegian military officer, Milorg pioneer and resistance fighter during World War II. He was arrested by the Germans, sentenced to death and executed. Early life and career Born in Holum, Vest-Agder, Arne Laudal was the son of Bent Løvdal and his wife Ragnhild. He finished his secondary education at Kristiansand Cathedral School in 1916, and attended the Norwegian Military Academy ( no, Krigsskolen), graduating in 1918. He married teacher Helga Stray in 1925. In 1930 he received the rank of captain, and headed a school for non-commissioned officers for nine years. He was appointed chief of staff with colonel Otto Ruge in 1939. He was given the rank of Major in January 1940. World War II During the Norwegian Campaign Laudal was chief of staff under colonel Otto Ruge. He was involved in the battle of Midtskogen, and was later in command of military forces in Østerdalen, Valdres and Northern Norway. He was among the pioneer lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorentz Brinch
Lorentz Wilhelm Brinch (9 May 1910 – 20 May 1953) was a Norwegian barrister, military officer, banker and politician for the Conservative Party. Pre-war life He was born in Kristiania as a son of barrister Christian Nicolay Brinch (1861–1946) and Anna Catharina Rolfsen (1870–1947). He was a brother of civil servant Christian Nicolay Keyser Brinch. In 1942 he married Anna Marta Ida Elisabeth Højer, daughter of the then-Swedish ambassador to Norway. He finished his secondary education in 1928, attended the Norwegian Military Academy and graduated from the academy's lower section in 1929 as a sergeant in the infantry. He became a second lieutenant in the reserves in 1930, and served with Infantry Regiment 15 and Infantry Regiment 1 that year. Brinch attended a course in military intelligence in 1931 and a medical officer course in 1933. Next to his regular military service, Brinch joined the voluntary military training organization '' Leidangen'', where he served as an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sørlandet
Southern Norway ( no, Sørlandet; lit. "The Southland") is the geographical List of regions of Norway, region (''landsdel'') along the Skagerrak coast of southern Norway. The region is an informal description since it does not have any governmental function. It roughly corresponds to the old petty kingdom of Agder as well as the two former counties of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder. From New Year 2020, the two counties have been merged into one county, Agder. The total combined area of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder counties is . The name is relatively new, having first been used in Norway around 1900. The region includes coastal areas along the Skagerrak and extends inland to the Setesdalsheiene mountains. There are many large valleys running from the mountains to the south and east to the sea. The highest point in the region is Sæbyggjenuten at . Etymology ''Sørlandet'' refers to the region along the Skaggerak in southeastern Norway. This name should not be confused with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of in 2019, and the metropolitan area had an estimated population of in 2021. During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name Ánslo, and established as a ''kaupstad'' or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in honour of the king. It became a municipality ('' formannskapsdistrikt'') on 1 January 1838. The city fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
