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Mikhail Zavadovsky
Mikhail Mikhailovich Zavadovsky (German form Zawadowsky) (russian: Mиxaил Mиxaйлoвич Зaвaдoвcкий; 29 July 1891 – 28 March 1957) was a Russian and Soviet biologist who specialized in the reproductive biology of livestock. A professor at Moscow University, he conducted experiments on sex hormones, the control of sexual characters and hormonal cycles. He noted that there was a balance between the sex hormones and was able to produce male or female characteristics during development by altering the balance experimentally. He termed them plus-minus interactions. Zavadovsky introduced the term "biotechnology" in 1932. His brother Boris Mikhailovich (1895–1951) also worked on endocrinology. Zavadovsky was born Pokrovka-Skorichevo, Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd (now in Ukraine) in the landed family of Mikhail and Maria née Kotsiubinsky. He went to study at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in 1909 and transferred to Moscow University studying in the laboratory of Nikol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd as their native language.
Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd (''Елисаветградский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kropyvnytskyi (''Yelisavetgrad''). Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd had a population of 613,283. Of these, 66.1% spoke Ukrainian, 15.2% Russian, 9.4% Yiddish, 6.0% Moldovan or Romanian, 1.0% Belarusian, 0.9% German, 0.8% Bulgarian, 0.4% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different References {{Reflist[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow State University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious university in the country. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches (including five foreign ones in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries). Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 List of Nobel laureates, Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. The university was ranked 18th by ''The Three University Missions Ranking'' in 2022, and 76th by the ''QS World University Rankings'' in 2022, #293 in the world by the global ''Times Higher World University Rankings'', and #326 by ''U.S. News & World Report'' in 2022. It was the highest-ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Koltsov
Nikolai Konstantinovich Koltsov (russian: Николай Константинович Кольцов; July 14, 1872 – December 2, 1940) was a Russian biologist and a pioneer of modern genetics. Among his students were Nikolay Timofeeff-Ressovsky, Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson, A.S. Serebrovsky, and Nikolay Dubinin. Along with his students, he demonstrated the fine structure of genes, and examined the structure of the cell and pioneered the idea of a cytoskeleton. His career was cut short in Stalinist Russia due to the entanglement of Marxist ideology and interpretations that genetics was a science that supported racism, fascism and eugenics. He died unexpectedly following government persecution and there are allegations that he was executed. Biography Koltsov was born in a well-to do family and graduated from Moscow University in 1894 and was a professor there (1895–1911). He established and directed the Institute of Experimental Biology in the middle of 1917, just before the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanyavsky Moscow City People's University
Shanyavsky Moscow City People's University (russian: Московский городской народный университет имени А. Л. Шанявского) was a university in Moscow that was founded in 1908 with funds from the gold mining philanthropist Alfons Shanyavsky. The university was nationalized in 1918 after the Russian revolution and merged into the Russian State University for the Humanities. The university was officially founded on October 2, 1908 after many years of bureaucratic wrangling between Lidia, the wife of deceased mining magnate A. L. Shanyavsky and the city of Moscow.. The aim of the university was to provide education in all branches of knowledge to any person. The city was governed by a board of trustees including half appointed by the City Duma. In the first semester 400 students joined and by 1912 there were 3600 students. The university building was established by the city council on Miusskaya Square on July 21, 1911. It had 23 class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tavrida National V
Taurida (also Tauride or Tavrida, from the ancient Tauri) is an old name for the Crimea. It may refer to: *Tauride Palace, palace in Saint Petersburg (built 1783–89), named after the Prince of Taurida *Taurida Oblast, province of the Russian Empire (1784–96) *Taurida Governorate, governorate of the Russian Empire (1802–1921) *Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic, ephemeral revolutionary state (1918) * Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, also called Taurida University (founded 1918) *''Taurien'', a sub-district of the German ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine'' (1942–44) *Taurida Military District The Taurida Military District was a military district of the Soviet Union. It was formed from the headquarters of the Separate Coastal Army and the 22nd Army in the summer of 1945. The military district controlled troops on the territory of the ... of the Soviet Union (1945–56) *'' Taurida fulvomaculata'', a species of flatworm-like bilaterian native to the Black Sea {{dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almaty
Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1936 as an Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, autonomous republic as part of the Soviet Union, then from 1936 to 1991 as a Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, union republic and finally from 1991 as an independent state to 1997 when the government relocated the capital to Astana, Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998, Nur-Sultan in 2019, and back to Astana in 2022). Almaty is still the major commercial, financial, and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city. The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700–900 m (2,300–3,000 feet), where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Vavilov
Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov ( rus, Никола́й Ива́нович Вави́лов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ vɐˈvʲiləf, a=Ru-Nikolay_Ivanovich_Vavilov.ogg; – 26 January 1943) was a Russian and Soviet agronomist, botanist and geneticist who identified the centers of origin of cultivated plants. He devoted his life to the study and improvement of wheat, maize and other cereal crops that sustain the global population. Vavilov's work was criticized by Trofim Lysenko, whose anti-Mendelian concepts of plant biology had won favor with Joseph Stalin. As a result, Vavilov was arrested and subsequently sentenced to death in July 1941. Although his sentence was commuted to twenty years' imprisonment, he died in prison in 1943. According to Lyubov Brezhneva, he was thrown to his death into a pit of lime in the prison yard. In 1955 his death sentence was retroactively pardoned under Nikita Khrushchev. By the 1960s his reputation was publicly rehabilitated and he began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trofim Lysenko
Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (russian: Трофим Денисович Лысенко, uk, Трохи́м Дени́сович Лисе́нко, ; 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and Pseudoscience, pseudo-scientist.''An ill-educated agronomist with huge ambitions, Lysenko failed to become a real scientist, but greatly succeeded in exposing of the “bourgeois enemies of the people.” From such a “scion” who was “grafted” to the Stalinist totalitarian regime “stock”, impressive results could have been expected—and were indeed achieved.'' He was a strong proponent of Lamarckism, and rejected Mendelian inheritance, Mendelian genetics in favour of his own idiosyncratic, Pseudoscience, pseudoscientific ideas later termed Lysenkoism. In 1940, Lysenko became director of the Institute of Genetics within the Soviet Union, USSR's Russian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences, and he used his political influence and power to suppress dissenting opinions and discre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letter Of Three Hundred
The Letter of three hundred (russian: "Письмо трёхсот") was a 22-page memorandum signed by about 300 scientists in order to highlight the destruction of Soviet science in general and genetics in particular by the pseudoscientist Trofim Lysenko. It was sent to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on October 11, 1955. It resulted in the resignation of T. D. Lysenko from his position as president of the VASKhNIL, despite support for him from Nikita Khrushchev who had taken command after the death of Joseph Stalin. An extract of the letter was first made public in January 13, 1989 by Pravda newspaper but the authors were not made public until 2005. The letter highlighted the shame brought to Soviet science by Lysenko and his supporters who travelled and spoke around the world providing what they claimed as food for anti-Soviet propaganda. They noted the speech of N.I. Nuzhdin in Karachi in 1954 and of I.E. Gluschenko in 1950 where ignorance of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Chizhevsky
Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (russian: Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Чиже́вский, also Aleksandr Leonidovich Tchijevsky) (7 February 1897 – 20 December 1964) was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist who founded " heliobiology" (study of the sun's effect on biology) and "aero-ionization" (study of effect of ionization of air on biological entities).L. V. Golovanov, Alexander Chizhevsky entry in the Great Russian Encyclopedia, Moscow, 2001 edition. SeeGoogle.Translate version of the article from the Russian version of the Encyclopedia He was also noted for his work in "cosmo-biology", biological rhythms and hematology."Igho H. KornbluehIn memoriam Alexander Leonidovich Tchijevsky International Journal of Biometeorology, Volume 9,, Number 1, 99, . Chizhevsky used historical research (historiometry) techniques to link the 11-year solar cycle, Earth’s climate, and the mass activity of peoples. Life and career Chizhevsky was born i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1891 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany. ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. **Germany takes formal possession of its new African territories. * January 2 – A. L. Drummond of New York is appointed Chief of the Treasury Secret Service. * January 4 – The Earl of Zetland issues a declaration regarding the famine in the western counties of Ireland. * January 5 **The Australian shearers' strike, that leads indirectly to the foundation of the Australian Labor Party, begins. **A fight between the United States and Indians breaks out near Pine Ridge agency. ** Henry B. Brown, of Michigan, is sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. **A fight between railway strikers and police breaks out at Motherwell, Scotland. * January 6 – Encounters continue, between strikers and the authorities at Glasgow. * January 7 ** General Miles' force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
