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Migliorino Ubaldini
Ubaldini Migliorino (active 1548), known also as "Captain Mellerin," was an Italian military engineer working in Scotland. He designed new fortifications at the entrances of Edinburgh Castle, Dunbar Castle, and possibly the walled town of Leith. Scottish assignment During the war with England known as the Rough Wooing, on 5 February 1548 Regent Arran appointed Migliorino Ubaldini as supreme commander of all Scottish forces by land and sea. Ubaldini had been sent to Scotland by Henry II of France who called him a famous captain. Despite this, Marcus Merriman, a modern historian, found no recorded details of his previous career. Merriman linked Ubaldini's appointment in Scotland with Lord Methven's plea to Mary of Guise in December 1547 for a French captain who had intelligence to assiege and order artillery. Two letters written by Ubaldini in 1548 to Mary of Guise survive. In 1548/9 he wrote two letters to the brother of Mary of Guise, the Duc d'Aumale, which note a French form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edinburgh Siege 1573
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh is Scotland's List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, second-most populous city, after Glasgow, and the List of cities in the United Kingdom, seventh-most populous city in the United Kingdom. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the Courts of Scotland, highest courts in Scotland. The city's Holyrood Palace, Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British monarchy in Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, Scottish law, literature, philosophy, the sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Balfour Paul
Sir James Balfour Paul (16 November 1846 – 15 September 1931) was the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the officer responsible for heraldry in Scotland, from 1890 until the end of 1926. Life Paul was born in Edinburgh, the second son of the Rev John Paul of St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh and Margaret Balfour (granddadughter of James Balfour of Pilrig), at their home, 13 George Square, Edinburgh. His great-grandfather was Sir William Moncreiff, 7th Baronet. He was educated at Royal High School and University of Edinburgh. He was admitted an advocate in 1870. Thereafter, he was Registrar of Friendly Societies (1879–1890), Treasurer of the Faculty of Advocates (1883–1902), and appointed Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1890. He was created a Knight Bachelor in the 1900 New Year Honours list, and received the knighthood on 9 February 1900. Among his works was ''The Scots Peerage'', a nine-volume series published from 1904 to 1914. He tried two interesting heraldic cases in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound Scots
The pound (Modern and Middle Scots: ''Pund'') was the currency of Scotland prior to the 1707 Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. It was introduced by David I, in the 12th century, on the Carolingian monetary system of a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The Scottish currency was later devalued relative to sterling by debasement of its coinage. By the time of James III, one pound Scots was valued at five shillings sterling. Silver coins were issued denominated in merk, worth 13s.4d. Scots (two-thirds of a pound Scots). When James VI became King James I of England in 1603, the coinage was reformed to closely match sterling coin, with £12 Scots equal to £1 sterling. No gold coinage was issued from 1638 to 1700, but new silver coinage was issued from 1664 to 1707. With the Acts of Union 1707, the pound Scots was replaced by sterling coin at the rate of 12:1 (£1 Scots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninian Cockburn
Ninian Cockburn (died 6 May 1579) was a Scottish soldier and officer of the Garde Écossaise, a company which guarded the French king. He had an ambiguous role in political relations between Scotland, France and England during the war of the Rough Wooing and the Scottish Reformation. Family and early career Ninian was the third son of William Cockburn of Ormiston, East Lothian and Janet Somerville. In Scotland the name Ninian was used interchangeably with "Ringan". The Cockburn family had strong Protestant leanings; John Knox was the tutor of his nephew, and George Wishart was arrested at Ormiston. Ninian married Elizabeth Kemp. Mary, Queen of Scots gave her a termly pension of £75. She may have been a connection of Janet Sinclair, the nurse of Mary Queen of Scots, and Henry Kemp, who had been pursemaster to James V of Scotland. Ninian was paid for travelling in connection with the King's privy purse in 1540. Ninian may also have been Alexander Crichton of Brunstane's servant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunstane Castle
Brunstane Castle (alternatively Brunston, Brunstain or Brunstone Castle) is a ruined tower house, dating from the 16th century, around south-west of Penicuik, on the north bank of the North Esk, in Midlothian, Scotland.Coventry Martin (1997) ''The Castles of Scotland''. Goblinshead. p92 It is not to be confused with Brunstane House, Edinburgh. History The castle was originally a property of the Crichtons. A charter of the lands of Brunston granted by James IV in 1493 to Edward Crichton and his wife Agnes Cockburn specified a feudal rent of a red rose on the feast day of St John the Baptist. In 1546, the Protestant reformer George Wishart stayed at Brunstane with Alexander Crichton and was arrested soon after at the house of John Cockburn of Ormiston. Wishart was taken to St Andrews, where he was martyred. Crichton and Cockburn and other Lothian Lairds sided with England during the war now known as the Rough Wooing. Regent Arran brought four cannon from Edinburgh Castle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Crichton Of Brunstane
Alexander Crichton of Brunstane, (died before December 1558), was a Scottish Protestant laird who advocated the murder of Cardinal David Beaton and supported the plan for the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Prince Edward of England. In contemporary letters and documents Alexander is known by variant spellings of "Brunstane," his territorial designation. The original House of Brunstane was near Penicuik, and another Crichton estate at Gilberstoun near Portobello, Edinburgh later became known as Brunstane. Career Affair of the Cardinal's letters Alexander Crichton went to France carrying royal letters in 1539 and as a servant of Cardinal Beaton. On his return in February 1540 his ship was forced by a storm to anchor in an English harbour. Subsequently, the English ambassador in Scotland Ralph Sadler tried to embarrass and discredit Cardinal Beaton in front of James V of Scotland with compromising letters captured from Brunstane's bag. James V however argued in favour of the Car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trace Italienne
A bastion fort or ''trace italienne'' (a phrase derived from non-standard French, literally meaning ''Italian outline'') is a fortification in a style that evolved during the early modern period of gunpowder when the cannon came to dominate the battlefield. It was first seen in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era. The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure. Origins Their predecessors, medieval fortresses, were usually placed on high hills. From there, arrows were shot at the enemies. The enemies' hope was to either ram the gate or c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Mile
The Royal Mile () is a succession of streets forming the main thoroughfare of the Old Town of the city of Edinburgh in Scotland. The term was first used descriptively in W. M. Gilbert's ''Edinburgh in the Nineteenth Century'' (1901), describing the city "with its Castle and Palace and the royal mile between", and was further popularised as the title of a guidebook by R. T. Skinner published in 1920, "''The Royal Mile (Edinburgh) Castle to Holyrood(house)''". The Royal Mile runs between two significant locations in the royal history of Scotland: Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace. The name derives from it being the traditional processional route of monarchs, with a total length of approximately one Scots mile, a now obsolete measurement measuring 1.81km. The streets which make up the Royal Mile are (west to east) Castlehill, the Lawnmarket, the High Street, the Canongate and Abbey Strand. The Royal Mile is the busiest tourist street in the Old Town, rivalled only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haddington, East Lothian
The Royal Burgh of Haddington ( sco, Haidintoun, gd, Baile Adainn) is a town in East Lothian, Scotland. It is the main administrative, cultural and geographical centre for East Lothian. It lies about east of Edinburgh. The name Haddington is Anglo-Saxon, dating from the sixth or seventh century AD when the area was incorporated into the kingdom of Bernicia. The town, like the rest of the Lothian region, was ceded by King Edgar of England and became part of Scotland in the tenth century. Haddington received Burgh status, one of the earliest to do so, during the reign of David I (1124–1153), giving it trading rights which encouraged its growth into a market town. Today, Haddington is a small town with a population of fewer than 10,000 people. But during the High Middle Ages it was the fourth-biggest town in Scotland (after Aberdeen, Roxburgh and Edinburgh). In the middle of the town is the Haddington Town House, completed in 1745 based on a plan by William Adam. When firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Stewart Of Cardonald
James Stewart of Cardonald (1512-1584) was a Scottish landowner and soldier. His lands were at Cardonald, near Glasgow, and his principal home, the Place of Cardonald or Cardonald Castle on the banks of the River Cart has been demolished. There was formerly a stone at the site carved with the initials "J.S. 1565" and a helmet. During the war between Scotland and England now known as the Rough Wooing, James Stewart wrote letters to Mary of Guise and to English commanders including Thomas Wharton. He was a kinsman and supporter of the Earl of Lennox. In October 1543 seven ships arrived at Dumbarton Castle and James Stewart of Cardonald was appointed to escort Jacques de la Brosse and the lawyer, Jacques Ménage, seigneur de Caigny. Stewart wrote to Cardinal Beaton that these envoys were, "na grett personages" who had brought, "sellvar and artellyery monesyzonis pekes and halberdes." During the war of the Rough Wooing he sent news to England, describing the building in April 154 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Hamilton Of Milnburn
Matthew Hamilton of Milnburn and Binning (died 1569) was a Scottish landowner and courtier. Early life He was a son of Matthew Hamilton ''in'' Milnburn or Mylnburn or Milburne in Dalserf. The Mill Burn flows into the River Clyde north of the village. Career Matthew Hamilton was appointed a gentleman and squire in the king's household in 1529. In February 1542 James V of Scotland sent Robert Hamilton of Briggis and Matthew Hamilton of Milnburn to France. They were allowed to return by Regent Arran in January 1543. He was a Master of Household to Regent Arran, and Captain of Blackness Castle. In 1545 he was paid for "furnishing" the Regent's house ( with food), and paying household fees. John Knox identifies Matthew Hamilton as an opponent of the Scottish Reformation in 1559, and his brother Master John Hamilton as an unlearned cleric. Master John Hamilton of Milnburn was Master of Works to Mary, Queen of Scots in 1547, and sent as ambassador to France. According to John Knox he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
