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Michael Edwards (fragrance Expert)
Michael Anthony Edwards (10 December 1943) is a British fragrance taxonomist, historian, and founding editor of '' Fragrances of the World'', the largest guide to perfume classification. His lectures and writings, including the book ''Perfume Legends: French Feminine Fragrances'', pioneered critical scholarship on the history of perfumery, while his fragrance wheel marked a major innovation in perfume retail. He resides in Australia, France, and the United States. Early life and career Michael Edwards was born on 10 December 1943 in Zomba, Nyasaland (present-day Malawi). After attending school in the United Kingdom and Rhodesia, he briefly studied biochemistry at the University of Natal before accepting a marketing job in London at the Beecham Group, specializing in toiletries. Edwards later moved to Paris to join Norton Simon as the international marketing director for Halston. Publication of ''Fragrances of the World'' By 1984, Michael Edwards, then working in Sydney, was aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zomba, Malawi
Zomba is a city in southern Malawi, in the Shire Highlands. It is the former capital city of Malawi. It was the capital of first British Central Africa and then Nyasaland Protectorate before the establishment of Malawi in 1964. It was also the first capital of Malawi and remained so until 1974, when Lilongwe became the capital. The Parliament remained even longer, until 1994. The city is best known for its British Empire, British colonial architecture and its location at the base of the dramatic Zomba Plateau. Zomba is also the home of Chancellor College of the University of Malawi. History The town's British colonial past is reflected in the architecture of its older buildings and homes. Zomba was once a hub for expatriates in Malawi. Its diverse cultural mix included British tobacco farmers and Dutch, German and U.S. emissaries. The British also established Sir Harry Johnston Primary School. The Zomba Gymkhana Club was once the focus for social activity in the expatriate c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halston
Roy Halston Frowick (April 23, 1932 – March 26, 1990), known mononymously as Halston, was an American fashion designer who rose to international fame in the 1970s. His minimalist, clean designs, often made of cashmere or ultrasuede, were a new phenomenon in the mid-1970s discotheques and redefined American fashion. Halston was known for creating a relaxed urban lifestyle for American women. He was frequently photographed at Studio 54 with his close friends Liza Minnelli, Bianca Jagger, Joe Eula, and Andy Warhol. In the early 1950s, while attending the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Halston began a business designing and making women's hats. He garnered a well-known clientele and opened a store on Chicago's Magnificent Mile in 1957. He later became the head milliner for high-end New York City department store Bergdorf Goodman. His fame rose when he designed the pillbox hat Jacqueline Kennedy wore to the inauguration of her husband, President John F. Kennedy, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1943 Births
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – WWII: Greek-Polish athlete and saboteur Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz is executed by the Germans at Kaisariani. * January 11 ** The United States and United Kingdom revise previously unequal treaty relationships with the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. ** Italian-American anarchist Carlo Tresca is assassinated in New York City. * January 13 – Anti-Nazi protests in Sofia result in 200 arrests and 36 executions. * January 14 – January 24, 24 – WWII: Casablanca Conference: Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States; Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; and Generals Charles de Gaulle and Henri Giraud of the Free French forces meet secretly at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, to plan the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Africans Of European Ancestry
White Africans of European ancestry refers to people in Africa who can trace full or partial ancestry to Europe. In 1989, there were an estimated 4.6 million white people with European ancestry on the African continent. Most are of Dutch, Portuguese, British, German and French origin; and to a lesser extent there are also those who descended from Italians, Spaniards, Greeks, and Scandinavians. The majority once lived along the Mediterranean coast or in Southern Africa. The earliest permanent European communities in Africa during the Age of Discovery were formed at the Cape of Good Hope; Luanda, in Angola; São Tomé Island; and Santiago, Cape VerdeCybriwsky, Roman Adrian. ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture''. ABC-CLIO, LLC 2013. p 54-275. through the introduction of Portuguese and Dutch traders or military personnel. Other groups of white settlers arrived in newly established European settlements in Africa. Before regional deco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a ''nose'' (French: ''nez'') due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products. Training Most past perfumers did not undergo professional training in the art, and many learned their craft as apprentices under another perfumer in their employment as technicians (in charge of blending formulas) or c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfume
Perfume (, ; french: parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics. History The word ''perfume'' derives from the Latin ''perfumare'', meaning "to smoke through". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Perfume
The word ''perfume'' is used today to describe scented mixtures and is derived from the Latin word, "''per fumus''," meaning ''through smoke''. The word Perfumery refers to the art of making perfumes. Perfume was refined by the Romans, the Persians and the Arabs. Although perfume and perfumery also existed in East Asia, much of its fragrances were incense based. The basic ingredients and methods of making perfumes are described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia. Mesopotamia The world's first recorded chemist is a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker whose existence was recorded on a 1200 BCE Cuneiform tablet in Babylonian Mesopotamia. She held a powerful role in the Mesopotamian government and religion, as the overseer of the Mesopotamian Royal Palace. She developed methods for scent extraction techniques that would lay the basis for perfume making. She recorded her techniques and methods and those were passed on, with her most groundbreaking technique in using so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragrance Wheel
A fragrance wheel, also known as aroma wheel, fragrance circle, perfume wheel or smell wheel, is a circular diagram showing the inferred relationships among olfactory groups based upon similarities and differences in their odor. The groups bordering one another are implied to share common olfactory characteristics. Fragrance wheel is frequently used as a classification tool in oenology and perfumery. The first example of a fragrance wheel was conceived by Austrian perfumer Paul Jellinek and titled the ''Odor Effects Diagram'', published in the original German edition of his book ''The Practice of Modern Perfumery'' (1949). Other notable versions include the ''Fragrance Circle'', developed in 1979 by U. Harder at Haarman & Reimer, the ''Wine Aroma Wheel'', from 1984 by sensory chemist Ann C. Noble, and the ''Fragrance Wheel'', created in 1992 by perfumery taxonomist Michael Edwards. Fragrance Families and Personality Various suggestions have been put forth about the relationshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Roudnitska
Edmond Roudnitska (1905–1996) was a French master perfumer and author. He is known for creating perfumes such as Dior's Eau Sauvage and Diorissimo, and Rochas's Femme. Many of his creations are still in production. He was the father of perfumer Michel Roudnitska. In 1926, he started his training in perfumery in Grasse. In 1942, he met Thérèse Delveaux, who became his wife. In 1946, he founded Art et Parfum, a private lab for creating perfumes. Diorissimo, based on lily of the valley, was a notable achievement in the field of perfumery. Unlike rose or jasmine, the smell of lily of the valley cannot be extracted from essential oil of the flower. Roudnitska circumvented the problem by using aroma chemicals like hydroxycitronellal. For Christian Dior * Diorama (1948) * Diorling (1951) * Eau Fraîche (1955) * Diorissimo (1956) * Eau Sauvage (1966) * Diorella (1972) * Dior-Dior (1976) For Elizabeth Arden * It's You (1939) * On Dit (1952) * Elly (1955) * Arden (1956) Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Robert
Guy or GUY may refer to: Personal names * Guy (given name) * Guy (surname) * That Guy (...), the New Zealand street performer Leigh Hart Places * Guy, Alberta, a Canadian hamlet * Guy, Arkansas, US, a city * Guy, Indiana, US, an unincorporated community * Guy, Kentucky, US, an unincorporated community * Guy, Texas, US, an unincorporated community * Guy Street, Montreal, Canada Art and entertainment Films * ''Guy'' (1997 film) (American, starring Vincent D'Onofrio) * ''Guy'' (2018 film) (French, starring Alex Lutz) * '' That Guy... Who Was in That Thing'' (2012), a documentary film * Free Guy (2021), an action comedy film Music * ''Guy'' (album), debut studio album of Guy (band) 1988 * Guy (band), an American R&B group * "G.U.Y.", a 2014 song by Lady Gaga from the album ''Artpop'' Transport * Guy (sailing), rope to control a spinnaker on a sailboat * Air Guyane Express, ICAO code GUY * Guy Motors, a former British bus and truck builder * ''Guy'' (ship, 1933), se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. () is an American luxury department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original Wallin & Nordstrom store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second Nordstrom's shoe store opened in 1923. The growing Nordstrom Best chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the Nordstrom full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years before expanding into Canada in 2014. In the American market, it competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Macy's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue. Early history John W. Nordstrom was born on February 15, 1871, in the town of Luleå Luleå ( , , locally ; smj, Luleju; fi, Luulaja) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden, and the capital of Norrbotten County, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norton Simon
Norton Winfred Simon (February 5, 1907 – June 2, 1993) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was at one time one of the wealthiest men in America. At the time of his death, he had amassed a net worth of nearly US$10 billion. Simon was born to a Jewish family in Portland, Oregon. His father operated a wholesale goods store there. When Simon was sixteen years old, he relocated with his family from Portland to San Francisco following his mother's death. After dropping out of the University of California, Berkeley, Simon founded a sheet metal company before investing in an insolvent orange juice bottling plant in Fullerton, California. The company was renamed Val Vita Food Products Company, and, under Simon's supervision, expanded its product line to include numerous other fruit and vegetable products. The company was eventually sold by Simon to Hunt's Foods, after which Simon retired in 1969. He spent his later years serving in philanthropic and non-profit roles, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
