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Meirokusha
The was an intellectual society in Meiji period Japan that published social-criticism journal . Proposed by statesman Mori Arinori in 1873 (six years after the Meiji Restoration) and officially formed on 1 February 1874, the Meirokusha was intended to “promote civilization and enlightenment”, and to introduce western ethics and the elements of western civilization to Japan. It played a prominent role in introducing and popularizing Western ideas during the early Meiji period, through public lectures and through its journal, the ''Meiroku zasshi''. Mori had been impressed by the activities of American educational societies during his stint (1871-1873) as Japan's first envoy to the United States. He was also influenced by Horace Mann's views on universal education. Its original members were Mori Arinori, Nishimura Shigeki, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, Mitsukuri Rinsho, Mitsukuri Shuhei, Nakamura Masanao, Nishi Amane, Tsuda Mamichi, and Sugi Koji. The society grew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsuda Mamichi
Baron was a Japanese statesman and legal scholar in the Meiji period. He was one of the founding members of the Meirokusha with Mori Arinori, Nishimura Shigeki, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, Nakamura Masanao, and Nishi Amane. Early life Tsuda was born into a local ''samurai'' household in Tsuyama Domain (present-day Okayama Prefecture). In his early days, he studied ''rangaku'' under Mitsukuri Gempo and military science under Sakuma Shozan. He became an instructor at the ''Bansho Shirabesho'' institute run by the Tokugawa bakufu to study western books and science. In 1862, he was selected, together with Nishi Amane, by the government for training in the Netherlands in western political science, constitutional law, and economics. They departed in 1863 with a Dutch physician Dr. J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort, who had set up the first teaching hospital for western medicine in Nagasaki. The two Japanese students were put in the care of Professor Simon Vissering, who taugh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishi Amane
was a philosopher in Meiji period Japan who helped introduce Western philosophy into mainstream Japanese education. Early life Nishi was born in Tsuwano Domain_of_ ">DF_23_of_80">"Kamei"_at_''Nobiliare_du_Japon'',_p._19_[PDF_23_o_..._of_Iwami_Province">DF_23_of_80/nowiki>">DF_23_of_80">"Kamei"_at_''Nobiliare_du_Japon'',_p._19_[PDF_23_o_..._of_Iwami_Province_(present_day_Tsuwano,_Shimane.html" ;"title="Iwami_Province.html" ;"title="DF 23 of 80/nowiki>">DF 23 of 80">"Kamei" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 19 [PDF 23 o ... of Iwami Province">DF 23 of 80/nowiki>">DF 23 of 80">"Kamei" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 19 [PDF 23 o ... of Iwami Province (present day Tsuwano, Shimane">Tsuwano town, Shimane Prefecture) as the son of a ''samurai'' physician who practiced Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine. In 1853, after studying Confucianism at his domain school and in Osaka, Nishi was sent to Edo to study ''rangaku'', with the goal of becoming an interpreter for conducting busin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Elliot Griffis
William Elliot Griffis (September 17, 1843 – February 5, 1928) was an American orientalist, Congregational minister, lecturer, and prolific author.Brown, John Howard. (1904)."Griffis, William Elliot,"''The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans.'' Boston: The Biographical Society. Early life Griffis was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of a sea captain and later a coal trader. During the American Civil War, he served two months as a corporal in Company H of the 44th Pennsylvania Militia after Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. After the war, he attended Rutgers University at New Brunswick, New Jersey, graduating in 1869. At Rutgers, Griffis was an English and Latin language tutor for , a young ''samurai'' from the province of Echizen (part of modern Fukui). After a year of travel in Europe, he studied at the seminary of the Reformed Church in America in New Brunswick (known today as the New Brunswick Theological Seminary). Willi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fukuzawa Yukichi
was a Japanese educator, philosopher, writer, entrepreneur and samurai who founded Keio University, the newspaper '' Jiji-Shinpō'', and the Institute for Study of Infectious Diseases. Fukuzawa was an early advocate for reform in Japan. His ideas about the organization of government and the structure of social institutions made a lasting impression on a rapidly changing Japan during the Meiji period. He appears on the current 10,000- Japanese yen banknote. Early life Fukuzawa Yukichi was born into an impoverished low-ranking samurai (military nobility) family of the Okudaira Clan of Nakatsu Domain (present-day Ōita, Kyushu) in 1835. His family lived in Osaka, the main trading center for Japan at the time. His family was poor following the early death of his father, who was also a Confucian scholar. At the age of 5 he started Han learning, and by the time he turned 14, he had studied major writings such as the '' Analects'', ''Tao Te Ching'', '' Zuo Zhuan'' and ''Zhuang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishimura Shigeki
was a Japanese educator and leader of the Meiji Enlightenment during the Meiji period. He also went by his pen-name of Nishimura Hakuo. He wrote more than 130 books and over 200 articles in his long literary career. Born to the family of the ''samurai'' chief administer to the ''daimyō'' of Sakura domain, Shimōsa Province (present-day Chiba Prefecture), Nishimura was originally a Confucian scholar, but he studied rangaku as well. He supported the Tokugawa bakufu against the Meiji Restoration, but was so highly regarded that the new Meiji government recruited him to assist in the movement to educate the Japanese public on the western world. He was a founding member of the Meirokusha with Mori Arinori Viscount was a Meiji period Japanese statesman, diplomat, and founder of Japan's modern educational system. Early life Mori was born in the Satsuma domain (modern Kagoshima prefecture) from a ''samurai'' family, and educated in the ''Kaisenjo' ..., and contributed numerous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakamura Masanao
was a Japanese educator and leading figure during the Meiji period. He also went by his pen name . Biography Born to a samurai family in Edo, Nakamura was originally a Confucian scholar. In 1866, as an academic supervisor, he accompanied a group of 14 Tokugawa bakufu students to study in Great Britain. The downfall of the Tokugawa regime brought an early end to the students studies in London and Nakamura returned to Tokyo in June 1868. On his return to Japan, he translated Self-Help, by Samuel Smiles, and ''On Liberty'', by John Stuart Mill into Japanese. The two texts were published in 1871 and 1872 respectively, and proved to be tremendously popular. He taught at the Tokyo Imperial University, founded a school, Dōjinsha, and headed what later became the Ochanomizu University. Nakamura was also noted for his promotion of educational opportunities for women and, with the help of Henry Faulds, a Scottish physician and Presbyterian missionary, establishing Rakuzen-kai, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiji Restoration
The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ruling emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure and spanned both the late Edo period (often called the Bakumatsu) and the beginning of the Meiji era, during which time Japan rapidly Industrialisation, industrialized and adopted Western culture, Western ideas and production methods. Foreign influence The Japanese knew they were behind the Western powers when US Commodore (United States), Commodore Matthew C. Perry came to Japan in 1853 in Black Ships, large warshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mori Arinori
Viscount was a Meiji period Japanese statesman, diplomat, and founder of Japan's modern educational system. Early life Mori was born in the Satsuma domain (modern Kagoshima prefecture) from a ''samurai'' family, and educated in the ''Kaisenjo'' School for Western Learning run by the Satsuma domain. In 1865, he was sent as a student to University College London in Great Britain, where he studied western techniques in mathematics, physics, and naval surveying. He returned to Japan just after the start of the Meiji Restoration and took on a number of governmental positions within the new Meiji government. Meiji statesman Mori was the first Japanese ambassador to the United States, from 1871 to 1873. During his stay in the United States, he became very interested in western methods of education and western social institutions. On his return to Japan, he organized the Meirokusha, Japan's first modern intellectual society. Mori was a member of the Meiji Enlightenment movement, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiroku Zasshi
''Meiroku zasshi'' (明六雑誌) was a Japanese language magazine which was in circulation between 1874 and 1875 during the Meiji period. History and profile ''Meiroku zasshi'' was launched in 1874, and the first issue was published on 2 April 1874. The founders were the members of Meirokusha, a group of Japanese intellectuals, including Fukuzawa Yukichi. The publisher was the Hochisha Company, and it was published on a B6 size or A5 size calligraphy paper. Leading contributors included Mori Arinori, future education minister of Japan, and Tsuda Mamichi. It is one of the earliest publications in Japan which covered writings on Western culture. Given that it was a publication of the Meiji period it frequently discussed education-related topics in regard to morality Morality () is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong). Morality can be a body of standards or princi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Philosophy
Western philosophy encompasses the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word ''philosophy'' itself originated from the Ancient Greek (φιλοσοφία), literally, "the love of wisdom" grc, φιλεῖν , "to love" and σοφία '' sophía'', "wisdom"). History Ancient The scope of ancient Western philosophy included the problems of philosophy as they are understood today; but it also included many other disciplines, such as pure mathematics and natural sciences such as physics, astronomy, and biology (Aristotle, for example, wrote on all of these topics). Pre-Socratics The pre-Socratic philosophers were interested in cosmology; the nature and origin of the universe, while rejecting mythical answers to such questions. They were specifically interested in the (the cause or first principle) of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Warring States period (), during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments. Although much of Chinese philosophy begun in the Warring States period, elements of Chinese philosophy have existed for several thousand years. Some can be found in the ''I Ching'' (the ''Book of Changes''), an ancient compendium of divination, which dates back to at least 672 BCE. It was during the Warring States era that what Sima Tan termed the major philosophical schools of China—Confucianism, Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Legalism, and Taoism—arose, along with philosophies that later fell into obscurity, like Agriculturalism, Mohism, School of Naturalists, Chinese Naturalism, and the School of Names, Logicians. Even in modern society, Confucianism is still the creed of etiquette for Chinese society. Chinese philosophy as a ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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