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Media Delivery Index
The Media Delivery Index (MDI) is a set of measures that can be used to monitor both the quality of a delivered video stream as well as to show system margin for IPTV systems by providing an accurate measurement of jitter and delay at network level (Internet Protocol, Internet Protocol, IP), which are the main causes for quality loss. Identifying and quantizing such problems in this kind of networks is key to maintaining high quality video delivery and providing indications that warn system operators with enough advance notice to allow corrective action. The Media Delivery Index is typically displayed as two numbers separated by a colon: the Delay Factor (DF) and the Media Loss Rate (MLR). Context The Media Delivery Index (MDI) may be able to identify problems caused by: Time distortion If Packet (information technology), packets are delayed by the Telecommunications network, network, some packets arrive in Burst transmission, bursts with interpacket delays shorter than when they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Video
Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) systems which, in turn, were replaced by flat panel displays of several types. Video systems vary in display resolution, aspect ratio, refresh rate, color capabilities and other qualities. Analog and digital variants exist and can be carried on a variety of media, including radio broadcast, magnetic tape, optical discs, computer files, and network streaming. History Analog video Video technology was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) television systems, but several new technologies for video display devices have since been invented. Video was originally exclusively a live technology. Charles Ginsburg led an Ampex research team developing one of the first practical vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specification
A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service. A specification is often a type of technical standard. There are different types of technical or engineering specifications (specs), and the term is used differently in different technical contexts. They often refer to particular documents, and/or particular information within them. The word ''specification'' is broadly defined as "to state explicitly or in detail" or "to be specific". A requirement specification is a documented requirement, or set of documented requirements, to be satisfied by a given material, design, product, service, etc. It is a common early part of engineering design and product development processes in many fields. A functional specification is a kind of requirement specification, and may show functional block diagrams. A design or product specification describes the features of the ''solutions'' for the Requirement Specification, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth. This definition of ''bandwidth'' is in contrast to the field of signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which ''bandwidth'' is used to refer to analog signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel. Network capacity The term ''bandwidth'' sometimes defines the net bit rate 'peak bit rate', 'information rate,' or physical layer 'useful bit rate', channel capacity, or the maximum throughput of a logical or physical communication path in a digital communication system. For example, bandwidth test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rental Utilization
Utilization is the primary method by which tool rental companies measure asset performance. In its most basic form it measures the actual revenue earned by assets against the potential revenue they could have earned. Calculations Rental utilization is divided into a number of different calculations, and not all companies work precisely the same way. In general terms however there are two key calculations: the physical utilization on the asset, which is measured based on the number of available days for rental against the number of days actually rented. (This may also be measured in hours for certain types of equipment), and the financial utilization on the asset (referred to in North America as $ Utilization) which is measured as the rental revenue achieved over a period of time against the potential revenue that could have been achieved based on a target or standard, non-discounted rate. Physical utilization is also sometimes referred to as spot utilization, where a rental company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zap Time
The zap time is the total duration of time from which the viewer changes the channel using a remote control to the point that the picture of the new channel is displayed. This includes the corresponding audio. These delays exist in all television systems, but they are more pronounced in digital television and systems that use the internet such as IPTV. Human interaction with the system is completely ignored in these measurements, so zap time is not the same as channel surfing. Zap time can be very disturbing for some viewers and for this reason it is considered an issue that must be addressed in IPTV systems.IPTV over DSL systems.''IPTV testing over DSL''" Factors The delays when changing the channel can be caused by several different factors. These factors can be classified according to the systems that cause them. Consequently, there are network factors, MPEG acquisition factors, and set top box buffering/decode factors.IPTV challenges and metrics.''IPTV Challenges''" Network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Form 2
Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens. Form also refers to: *Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter data *Form (education), a class, set, or group of students * Form (religion), an academic term for prescriptions or norms on religious practice *Form, a shallow depression or flattened nest of grass used by a hare *Form, or rap sheet, slang for a criminal record People * Andrew Form, American film producer * Fluent Form, Australian rapper and hip hop musician Arts, entertainment, and media * Form (visual art), a three-dimensional geometrical figure; one of the seven elements of art * Poetic form, a set of structural rules and patterns to which a poem may adhere *Musical form, a generic type of composition or the structure of a particular piece * The Forms (band), an American indie rock band Computing and technology *Form (computer virus), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Form 1
Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens. Form also refers to: *Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter data *Form (education), a class, set, or group of students * Form (religion), an academic term for prescriptions or norms on religious practice *Form, a shallow depression or flattened nest of grass used by a hare *Form, or rap sheet, slang for a criminal record People * Andrew Form, American film producer * Fluent Form, Australian rapper and hip hop musician Arts, entertainment, and media * Form (visual art), a three-dimensional geometrical figure; one of the seven elements of art * Poetic form, a set of structural rules and patterns to which a poem may adhere *Musical form, a generic type of composition or the structure of a particular piece * The Forms (band), an American indie rock band Computing and technology *Form (computer virus), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology and software engineering. The term "computing" is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers. History The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper (or for chalk and slate) with or without the aid of tables. Computing is intimately tied to the representation of numbers, though mathematical conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Node (networking)
In telecommunications networks, a node (, ‘knot’) is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint. The definition of a node depends on the network and protocol layer referred to. A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communication channel. A passive distribution point such as a distribution frame or patch panel is consequently not a node. Computer networks In data communication, a physical network node may either be data communication equipment (DCE) such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch; or data terminal equipment (DTE) such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a host computer. If the network in question is a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), every LAN or WAN node that participates on the data link layer must have a network address, typically one for each network interface controller it possesses. Examples are compu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Delay
Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints. Engineers usually report both the maximum and average delay, and they divide the delay into several parts: * Processing delay time it takes a router to process the packet header * Queuing delay time the packet spends in routing queues * Transmission delay time it takes to push the packet's bits onto the link * Propagation delay time for a signal to propagate through the media A certain minimum level of delay is experienced by signals due to the time it takes to transmit a packet serially through a link. This delay is extended by more variable levels of delay due to network congestion. IP network delays can range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Noise
In electronics, noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal. Noise generated by electronic devices varies greatly as it is produced by several different effects. In particular, noise is inherent in physics, and central to thermodynamics. Any conductor with electrical resistance will generate thermal noise inherently. The final elimination of thermal noise in electronics can only be achieved cryogenically, and even then quantum noise would remain inherent. Electronic noise is a common component of noise in signal processing. In communication systems, noise is an error or undesired random disturbance of a useful information signal in a communication channel. The noise is a summation of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-made sources. Noise is, however, typically distinguished from interference, for example in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) meas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
