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Masalit Massacres (2023–present)
The Masalit massacres, sometimes referred to as the Masalit genocide, are an ongoing series of massacres of the Masalit people, Masalit ethnic group in Sudan perpetrated by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allies, during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese civil war between the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The massacres began in 2023 during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese civil war when the RSF began committing organized mass killings of Masalit people, Masalit civilians in West Darfur. The ongoing massacres include the Ardamata massacre, Misterei massacre and the Battle of Geneina, all of which targeted Masalit people, Masalit civilians within the area of Geneina. These incidents have been described by ''The Economist'', Genocide Watch, US academic Eric Reeves, Khamis Abakar (Governor of West Darfur), and the US government as a genocide. Background In December 2020, Sudan started to deploy troops to South Darfur "in large n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Geneina
The Geneina massacre, also the Battle of Geneina, was a series of major battles for control of Geneina, the capital of West Darfur in Sudan, between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied militias against Masalit self-defense militias and the Sudanese Alliance. The battles primarily lasted between April 24 and June 14, 2023, with major attacks and massacres by the RSF and allied militias on Masalit civilians in the city. After the killing of West Darfur governor Khamis Abakar on June 14, thousands of Masalit civilians were slaughtered in the city between June 14 and June 22 by the RSF and allied militias. Initial clashes broke out on April 15 between the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) but dissipated by April 20. Fighting had devolved along tribal lines following attacks on Masalit neighborhoods by the RSF and allied militias, with Masalit civilians taking up arms and forming self-defense militias alongside the Sudanese Alliance with some SAF backing agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filippo Grandi
Filippo Grandi (born 30 March 1957) is an Italian diplomat and United Nations official, currently serving as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He previously served as Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and United Nations Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan. He received the Olympic Laureate award during the Paris 2024 Olympics Opening Ceremony. Education Grandi graduated with a degree in modern history from the University of Milan in 1981, and with a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the Gregorian University in Rome in 1987. Career Grandi started his career in the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1988, and has served in a variety of countries, including Sudan, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq after the Gulf War. He also headed a number of emergency operations including in Kenya, Benin, Ghana, Liberia, the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa, Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy. Overview In 2008, the museum had an operating budget of $120.6 million, a staff of about 400 employees, 125 contractors, 650 volunteers, 91 Holocaust survivors, and 175,000 members. It has local offices in New York City, Boston, Boca Raton, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Dallas. Since its dedication on April 22, 1993, the museum has had nearly 40 million visitors, including more than 10 million school children, 120 heads of state, and more than 3,500 foreign officials from over 132 countries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Arab
Sudanese Arabs () are the inhabitants of Sudan who identify as Arabs and speak Arabic as their mother tongue. Sudanese Arabs make up 70% of the population of Sudan, however prior to the independence of South Sudan in 2011, Sudanese Arabs made up only 40% of the population. They are Sunni Muslims and speak Sudanese Arabic. History The Sudanese Arab ethnic group finds its origins in the centuries-long admixture of indigenous African populations with Arab immigrants as well as from cultural and linguistic shifts to an Arab identity, culture, and language leading to a unique cultural identity. Prior to Arabization, Sudan was mainly inhabited by Cushitic-speaking groups like the Beja and Nilo-Saharan peoples such as the Nubians, whose civilizations, including the ancient kingdoms of Kush and Meroe, left their mark on the region's early history. Particularly famous is the developmentally high architectural, artistic, and political achievements of the Nubians along the Nile. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darfur
Darfur ( ; ) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju () while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë , and it was renamed Dartunjur () when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for several hundred years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. Richard Cockett Sudan: Darfur and the failure of an African state. 2010. Hobbs the Printers Ltd., Totten, Hampshire. As an administrative region, Darfur is divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Geneina
Geneina (sometimes Al-Junaynah or ElGeneina; , lit. ''the little garden'') is a city in West Darfur, part of the dar Masalit region, in Sudan. It joined British Sudan at the end of 1919 through the Gilani Agreement, signed between the Masalit Sultanate and the United Kingdom, according to which it became a territory. Geneina is now the capital of the Sudanese state of West Darfur. As of 2022, it had a population of 538,390 pre-war being one of the most populated cities within the country. According to the UNICEF nearly the entire population are IDPs and a large part are still young children. During the 2023 Sudan conflict, the Battle of Geneina was fought. This event included the deadly Geneina massacre, in which, as of 19 August 2023, thousands of civilians were killed, mainly Masalits and other non-Arab tribes. The RSF took control of the city by 22 June. History The city has the biggest group of Masalit people in Sudan and Darfur. This group was heavily targeted duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fula People
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people are an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 40 million people worldwide. A significant proportion of the Fula – a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million – are pastoralism, pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani – Fulbe Laddi – who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice. The major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Darfur
South Darfur State ( Wilāyat Ǧanūb Dārfūr; Janob Darfor) is one of the States of Sudan, wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the five states that compose the Darfur, region of Darfur in western Sudan. Overview Prior to the creation of two new states in the Darfur region in January 2012, South Darfur had an area of and an estimated population of approximately 2,890,000 (2006). Nyala, Sudan, Nyala is the capital of the state. The State was affected by the 2010 Sahel famine. Places * Kubum * Markondi * Nyala, South Darfur, Nyala * ''Kafia Kingi'' References External linksGovernment of South Darfur South Darfur, States of Sudan Darfur {{Sudan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genocide
Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people. Raphael Lemkin, who first coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by means such as "the disintegration of [its] political and social institutions, of [its] cultural genocide, culture, linguicide, language, national feelings, religious persecution, religion, and [its] economic existence". During the struggle to ratify the Genocide Convention, powerful countries restricted Lemkin's definition to exclude their own actions from being classified as genocide, ultimately limiting it to any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". While there are many scholarly Genocide definitions, definitions of genocide, almost all international bodies of law officially adjudicate the crime of genocide pursuant to the Genocide Convention. Genocide has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khamis Abakar
Khamis Abdallah Abakar (; 30 March 1964 – 14 June 2023) also known as Khamis Abakar was a Sudanese politician, marginalized groups rights activist and former army commander who served as the Governor of West Darfur from 2021 until his assassination. Prior to being governor, Abakar headed a faction of the Sudanese Liberation Movement, which fought the Sudanese military and Janjaweed (later the Rapid Support Forces) during the War in Darfur. In 2020, Abakar's faction of the SLM signed the Juba Peace Agreement, and Abakar was appointed Governor of West Darfur a year later. Early life and War in Darfur Abakar took part in the war in Darfur in 2003, rising to the position of vice-president of the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA), along with being the leader of Masalit soldiers in the group. In 2006, Khamis Abakar was cited by Human Rights Watch during his time as a commander in the Sudan Liberation Army for forcibly conscripting Masalit refugee teenagers from Chadian refugee cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Reeves
Eric Reeves (born 1950) is an American academic who is professor emeritus of English language and literature at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Reeves has carried out research into the politics and human rights situation in Sudan. Education Before being employed at Smith College, Reeves received degrees in English Literature from Williams College and the University of Pennsylvania. Sudan research Reeves started studying politics and human rights in Sudan in 1999. He testified several times before the United States Congress, has lectured widely in academic settings, and has served as a consultant to a number of human rights and humanitarian organizations operating in Sudan. Working independently, he has written on several aspects of Sudan's recent history, in particular the Darfur genocide, and the role of the Sudanese and Chinese governments in perpetuating it. He was described as "a fierce critic" of former American President Barack Obama's policy of reconciliati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
