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Martinogale
''Martinogale'' is an extinct genus of skunk from the Late Miocene of central North America. There exist three accepted species, ''M.'' ''alveodens'', ''M.chisoensis'' and ''M.'' ''faulli'', which may have overlapped in range but occupied somewhat distinct moments of the Late Miocene. As well as the dubious ''Martinogale? nambiana''. Description and species ''Martinogale'', as happens with most fossil skunks, has been solely described off of fragmentary craneal remains. The genus is mainly characterized by its jaws: in the upper jaw there's an absent upper Molar^2, and greatly enlarged but thin upper Premolar^4 and Molar^1; while the lower jaw has a small and forward P^2, the absence of a lingual or labial cingulum around the P^4 and a well developed M^1; neither jaw has a present Premolar^1. In regards to skull morphology, it is smoother and narrower than in living skunks, with a large, flask-shaped basicranial bulla. ''Martinogale alveodens'' This species was described i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmotherium
''Osmotherium'' is an extinct genus of skunk from Pleistocene North America. it contains a single species, ''Osmotherium spelaeum''. The genus name, ''Osmotherium'', hails from Aincient Greek, ''osmḗ'', "smell"; and ''therium'', "beast"; meaning smelly beast. The species name, ''spelaeum'', Latin for "cave", in reference to the sole locality which its remains have been found in, Port Kennedy Bone Cave. While fragmentary, ''Osmotherium spelaeum'''s jaws are the most prominent of any other Mephitid in the locality, with Cope himself describing 6 different specimens, although attributing some to '' Mephitis'', ''Brachyprotoma'' and the now defunct ''Pelycictis.''Hall, E. R. (1936). ''Mustelid Mammals from the Pleistocene of North America: With Systematic Notes on Some Recent Members of the Gerera Mustela, Taxidea and Mephitis''.Daeschler, E., Spamer, E. E., & Parris, D. C. (1993)Review and new data on the Port Kennedy local fauna and flora (Late Irvingtonian), Valley Forge Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buisnictis
''Buisnictis'' is an extinct genus of skunk Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae. They are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong, unpleasant scent from their anal glands. Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginge ... from Pliocene North America, ranging all the way from Washington to Baja California. There are currently four accepted species: ''Buisnictis breviramus'', ''Buisnictis schoffi'', ''Buisnictis burrowsi'' and ''Buisnictis metabatos''. Phylogeny As of Wang, Whistler and Takeuchi, 2005, ''Buisnictis'' was recovered as a more derived skunk, while in 2014 Wang, Carranza-Castañeda and Aranda Gómez suggested ''Buisnictis'', specifically ''B. metabatos'', may have been the ancestor of the crown pleistocene skunks. References {{paleo-carnivora-stub Skunks Prehistoric caniforms Extinct animals of the United States Fossil taxa described in 1950 Prehistoric carnivoran genera< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dove Spring Formation
The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a geologic formation in the western Mojave Desert of California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period. Fossil content Mammals Bats Carnivorans Eulipotyphlans Lagomorphs Proboscideans Rodents Ungulates Reptiles Birds Squamates Testudines Amphibians Fish Plants See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California * Paleontology in California Paleontology in California refers to paleontologist research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of California. California contains rocks of almost every age from the Precambrian to the Recent. Precambrian fossils are pres ... References * Neogene California {{Neogene-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)
Red Rock Canyon State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California which features scenic desert cliffs, buttes and spectacular rock formations. The park consists of approximately within the Mojave Sector of the Tehachapi District of the California State Park System, and is located along State Highway 14 in Kern County, about east of Bakersfield and north of Mojave, where the southernmost tip of the Sierra Nevada converges with the El Paso Mountains. Each tributary canyon is unique, with vivid colors due to alternate layers of white clay and red sandstone, further accented by pink volcanic rocks and brown lava formations. The canyon was formed 3 million years ago. After wet winters, the park's floral displays are notable. Three overlapping desert ecosystems provide for the wildlife that includes eagles, falcons, roadrunners, hawks, coyotes, kit foxes, bobcats, lizards, mice and squirrels. Red Rock Canyon provides magnificent views of the pristine desert landscape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Caniforms
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skunks
Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae. They are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong, unpleasant scent from their anal glands. Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginger colored, but all have warning coloration. While related to polecats and other members of the weasel family, skunks have as their closest relatives the Old World stink badgers. Taxonomy In alphabetical order, the living species of skunks are: * Family Mephitidae ** Genus: ''Conepatus'' *** ''Conepatus chinga'' – Molina's hog-nosed skunk *** ''Conepatus humboldtii'' – Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk *** ''Conepatus leuconotus'' – American hog-nosed skunk *** ''Conepatus semistriatus'' – striped hog-nosed skunk ** Genus: '' Mephitis'' *** ''Mephitis macroura'' – hooded skunk *** ''Mephitis mephitis'' – striped skunk ** Genus: ''Spilogale'' *** ''Spilogale angustifrons'' – southern spotted sk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conepatus
The hog-nosed skunks belong to the genus ''Conepatus'' and are members of the family Mephitidae (skunks). They are native to the Americas. They have white backs and tails and black underparts. Species Extinct species †''Conepatus robustus'' †''Conepatus sanmiguelensis'' †''Conepatus suffocans'' Recent work has concluded that the western hog-nosed skunk or common hog-nosed skunk (formerly ''Conepatus mesoleucus'') is the same species as the American hog-nosed skunk, and that ''Conepatus leuconotus'' is the correct name of the merged populations. Description The individual hog-nosed skunk species vary in size, but among them is included the largest of all skunks. All are characterized by comparatively short hair, especially on the tail, and this appendage lacks the plumelike appearance observed in other skunks. The nose is prolonged into a distinct "snout", naked on the top and sides and evidently used for rooting in the earth after the manner of a pig as their name imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spilogale
The genus ''Spilogale'' includes all skunks commonly known as spotted skunks. Currently, there are four accepted extant species: ''S. gracilis'', ''S. putorius'', ''S. pygmaea'', and ''S. angustifrons''. New research, however, proposes that there may be up to seven. Extant species In the past, anywhere between two and fourteen species of ''Spilogale'' have been recognized, but today most authorities accept a four species model (seen below). A 2021 DNA analysis of 203 specimens from across their known range suggests that there may be as many as seven distinct species in the genus, some cryptic. Description Mammalogists consider ''S. gracilis'' and ''S. putorius'' different species because of differences in reproductive patterns, reproductive morphology, and chromosomal variation. However, interbreeding has never been disproved. The name ''Spilogale'' comes from the Greek word ''spilo'', which means "spotted", and gale, which means "weasel". ''Putorius'' is the Latin word for " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promephitis
''Promephitis'' is an extinct genus of mephitid, of which several species have been described from the Miocene and early Pliocene of Europe and Asia. Characteristics The fossil remains of the ''Promephitis'' species, like all members of the skunk family (Mephitidae), have a significant extension of epitympanic recess, a chamber of the middle ear, into the region of mastoid and squamous parts of the temporal bones. This extension is recognizable as an inflated bulge on the lateral wall of the skull over the mastoid. In addition, skunks have specific characteristics of the teeth, especially the molars, which distinguish them from other carnivora. The genus ''Promephitis'' also shows a distinctive structure of the premolar tooth P4 as well as a very small P2, through which they are distinguishable from other genera. Distribution and temporal classification Species of ''Promephitis'' ranged widely in Eurasia, and fossils have been found both in Europe and in Asia. They are classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeomephitis
''Palaeomephitis steinheimensis'' is an extinct species of mephitid of the Miocene epoch in Europe. It is the earliest known species of the family Mephitidae. Description ''Palaeomephitis steinheimensis'' was described by Jäger in 1839 from a well-preserved cranium found in Steinheim am Albuch in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany. Subsequently, different authors considered it to represent a viverrid or a leptarctine mustelid. It was placed in the Mephitinae (now considered to be a distinct family) by Wolsan in 1999, on the evidence of its having an extended epitympanic recess to the middle ear. Taxonomy Within the skunks, ''Palaeomephitis'' is considered to stand close to the two extant species of stink badger (''Mydaus'') and the several extinct species of ''Promephitis ''Promephitis'' is an extinct genus of mephitid, of which several species have been described from the Miocene and early Pliocene of Europe and Asia. Characteristics The fossil remains of the ''Prome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mydaus
Stink badgers, also known as false badgers are a genus (''Mydaus'') of the skunk family of carnivorans, the Mephitidae. They resemble the better-known members of the family Mustelidae also termed 'badgers' (which are themselves a polyphyletic group). There are only two extant species – the Palawan stink badger or ''pantot'' (''M. marchei''), and the Sunda stink badger or ''teledu'' (''M. javanensis''). They live only on the western islands of the Greater Sunda Islands: Sumatra, Java, Borneo in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei and (in the case of the Palawan stink badger) on the Philippine island of Palawan; as well as many other smaller islands in the region. Stink badgers are named for their resemblance to other badgers and for the foul-smelling secretions that they expel from anal glands in self-defense (which is stronger in the Sunda species). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastoid Part Of The Temporal Bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles (via tendons) and it has openings for blood vessels. From its borders, the mastoid part articulates with two other bones. Etymology The word "mastoid" is derived from the Greek word for "breast", a reference to the shape of this bone. Surfaces Outer surface Its outer surface is rough and gives attachment to the occipitalis and posterior auricular muscles. It is perforated by numerous foramina (holes); for example, the mastoid foramen is situated near the posterior border and transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater. The position and size of this foramen are very variable; it is not always present; sometimes it is situated in the occipital bone, or in the suture between the temporal and the occipital. Mastoid process The mastoid process is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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