|
Marmara Gulosa
The citrus peelminer (''Marmara gulosa'') is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from California, Arizona, Texas and Florida in the United States and from Cuba. The larvae feed on '' Nerium oleander'', ''Citrullus vulgaris'', '' Prosopis'', '' Persea americana'', '' Gossypium hirsutum'', ''Citrus paradisi'', ''Salix lasiolepis'' and ''Vitis vinifera''. Damage caused by citrus peelminer is apparent on the peel of the fruit and is cosmetic in nature. However, only two to three mines per fruit renders fresh-market fruit commercially unacceptable. Outbreaks in California have had devastating consequences. Taxonomy A '' Marmara'' species feeding on ''Citrus'' species was originally identified as ''Marmara salictella ''Marmara salictella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, Virginia, California and the Atlantic states of the United States. The larvae feed on '' Salix'' species, includi ...''. La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosopis
''Prosopis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It contains around 45 species of spiny trees and shrubs found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Western Asia, and South Asia. They often thrive in arid soil and are resistant to drought, on occasion developing extremely deep root systems. Their wood is usually hard, dense and durable. Their fruits are pods and may contain large amounts of sugar. The generic name means "burdock" in late Latin and originated in the Greek language. Selected species *Mesquites (southern United States, Mexico) ** ''Prosopis glandulosa'' Torr. – honey mesquite; ''Haas'' ( Cmiique Iitom) ** ''Prosopis laevigata'' ( Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C.Johnst. – smooth mesquite ** ''Prosopis pubescens'' Benth. – screwbean mesquite ** ''Prosopis reptans'' Benth. – tornillo ** ''Prosopis velutina'' Wooton – velvet mesquite *"Algarrobos", bayahondas etc. (Neotropics, particularly the Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marmara Salictella
''Marmara salictella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, Virginia, California and the Atlantic states of the United States. The larvae feed on '' Salix'' species, including ''Salix lasiolepis'' and '' Salix lutea''. They create an extremely long and narrow mine in young twigs. The mine is only a tract beneath the young and delicate cuticle of the branches. Taxonomy A '' Marmara'' species feeding on ''Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...'' species was originally identified as ''Marmara salictella''. Later research concluded this species is distinct. It is now known as '' Marmara gulosa''. References Gracillariinae Moths described in 1863 {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lime (fruit), limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia (continent), Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas. History Citrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marmara (moth)
''Marmara'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. The head is smooth, antennae four-fifths to one, basal joint thick, with slight pecten. Labial palpi moderately long, porrected, slender, with appressed scales, pointed. Maxillary palpi 3 absent, 4 absent, 6 absent, 8 absent, 11 absent. Hindwings about one-half, linear-canceolate, cilia: 3 absent, 4 absent, 5 and 6 stalked. enera insectorum Meyrick, in: Genera insectorum fasc. 128. P:12/ref> Correlated to '' Lithocolletis'', but distinguished by the smooth head. Imago in repose sitting with forepart somewhat raised. Species *'' Marmara affirmata'' (Meyrick, 1918) *'' Marmara apocynella'' Braun, 1915 *'' Marmara arbutiella'' Busck, 1904 *'' Marmara auratella'' Braun, 1915 *'' Marmara basidendroca'' Fitzgerald, 1973 *'' Marmara corticola'' Fitzgerald, 1973 *'' Marmara elotella'' (Busck, 1909) *'' Marmara fasciella'' (Chambers, 1875) *'' Marmara fraxinicola'' Braun, 1922 *'' Marmara fulgidella'' (Clemens, 1860) *'' Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis Vinifera
''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production. The wild grape is often classified as ''Vitis vinifera'' ''sylvestris'' (in some classifications considered ''Vitis sylvestris''), with ''Vitis vinifera'' ''vinifera'' restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite flowers, but ''sylvestris'' is dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop. Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, sultanas, and currants. Grape leaves are used in the cuisine of many cultures. The fresh grapes can also be processed into juice that is fermented to make wine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salix Lasiolepis
''Salix lasiolepis'' (arroyo willow) is a species of willow native to western North America. Distribution The core range of the arroyo willow includes most of California, including the California Coast Ranges, Arizona, Klamath Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, Sierra Nevada, and Transverse Ranges. It extends north into Washington, south into Baja California, and east into Idaho, Utah, Texas, and Coahuila (México). Habitat The plant is commonly found growing in riparian zones in canyons and valleys, along pond shores, and in marshes and wetlands. It is found in many plant communities, including: chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, coast redwood forest, yellow pine forest, red fir forest, lodgepole pine forest, and grasslands. Allergenicity Arroyo Willow (Salix lasiolepis) is a severe allergen. Pollination Occurs in following seasons depending on latitude and elevation: Spring. Description ''Salix lasiolepis'' is a deciduous large shrub or small multi−trunke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus Paradisi
The grapefruit (''Citrus'' × ''paradisi'') is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large, sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. The interior flesh is segmented and varies in color from pale yellow to dark pink. Grapefruit is a citrus hybrid originating in Barbados. It is an accidental cross between the sweet orange (''C. sinensis'') and the pomelo or shaddock (''C. maxima''), both of which were introduced from Asia in the 17th century. It has also been called the ''forbidden fruit''. In the past it was referred to as the ''pomelo'', but that term is now mostly used as the common name for ''Citrus maxima''. In 2019, world production of grapefruits (combined with pomelos) was 9.3 million tonnes, of which 53% was in China. Other significant producers include Vietnam, United States and Mexico. Description The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around tall, although they may reach . The leaves are long (up to ), thin, glossy, and dark green. They produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gossypium Hirsutum
''Gossypium hirsutum'', also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species. In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production. It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern South America, Central America and possibly tropical Florida. Archeological evidence from the Tehuacan Valley in Mexico shows the cultivation of this species as long ago as 3,500 BC, although there is as yet no evidence as to exactly where it may have been first domesticated. This is the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Americas found thus far. ''Gossypium hirsutum'' includes a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The longer length varieties are called "long staple upland" and the shorter length varie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persea Americana
The avocado (''Persea americana'') is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to Americas, the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Pre-Columbian era, Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually Avocado oil, oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large Berry (botany), berry containing a single large seed. Avocado trees are partially Self-pollination, self-pollinating, and are often Plant propagation, propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the Tropics, tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Agriculture in Mexico, Mexico is the world's List of countries by avocado production, leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the glo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrullus Vulgaris
Watermelon (''Citrullus lanatus'') is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family and the name of its edible fruit. A scrambling and trailing vine-like plant, it is a highly cultivated fruit worldwide, with more than 1,000 varieties. Watermelon is grown in favorable climates from tropical to temperate regions worldwide for its large edible fruit, which is a berry with a hard rind and no internal divisions, and is botanically called a ''pepo''. The sweet, juicy flesh is usually deep red to pink, with many black seeds, although seedless varieties exist. The fruit can be eaten raw or pickled, and the rind is edible after cooking. It may also be consumed as a juice or an ingredient in mixed beverages. Kordofan melons from Sudan are the closest relatives and may be progenitors of modern, cultivated watermelons. Wild watermelon seeds were found in Uan Muhuggiag, a prehistoric site in Libya that dates to approximately 3500. Watermelons were domesticated in north-eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, ''Cameraria ohridella''. Taxonomy and systematics There are 98 described genera of Gracillariidae (see below). A complete checklist is available of all currently recognised species. There are many undescribed species in the tropics but there is also an online catalogue of Afrotropical described speci the South African fauna is quite well known. Although Japanese and Russian authors have recognised additional subfamilies, there are three currently recognised subfamilies, Phyllocnistinae of which is likely to be basal. In this subfamily, the primitive genus ''Prophyllocnistis'' from Chile feeds on the plant genus '' Drimys'' (Winteraceae), and has leaf mines structurally similar in structure to fossils (see "Fossils"). While there have been some rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
